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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


#^\ 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notas/Notas  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


l~n    Covers  damaged/ 


Couverture  endommagie 


□    Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaur^  et/ou  peiliculie 

□    Cover  title  missing/ 
Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


\y 


D 


D 


Coloured  maps/ 

Cartes  giographiques  en  couleur 


I      I    Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 


Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 

Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
Relii  avec  d'autres  documents 


D 


Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  re  liure  serrie  peut  cr.user  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distorsion  le  long  de  .a  marge  int6rieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajouties 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  lo  texta, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  itait  possible,  cas  pages  n'ont 
pas  6ti  film^es. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppl^mentaires; 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaira 
qui!  lui  a  iti  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-dtre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  methods  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiquis  ci-dessous. 


n 

D 

0 

D 
0 
D 
D 
D 

n 


Coloured  pages/ 
Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagtes 

Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restauries  et/ou  pelliculdes 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  d^colories,  tacheties  ou  piquees 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  ditachies 

Showthrough/ 
Transparence 

Quality  of  print  varies/ 
Quality  inAgale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  material/ 
Comprend  du  materiel  supplementaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  idition  disponible 

Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuiliet  d'errata,  une  peiure. 
etc.,  ont  M  filmies  d  nouveau  de  facon  d 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


The 
tot 


The 
pos 
oft 
film 


Ori] 
beg 
the 
sior 
oth( 
first 
sior 
or  il 


The 
shal 
TIN 
whi 

Mar 
diffi 
enti 
begi 
righ 
reqi 
met 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film*  au  taux  de  rMuction  indiqui  ci-dessous. 

10X  14X  18X  22X 


12X 


16X 


20X 


26X 


30X 


24X 


J 


28X 


32X 


8 

^tails 
s  du 
lodifier 
r  une 
Image 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

IMational  Library  of  Canada 


The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  thb  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  — *>  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
righ!  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


L'exemplaire  film6  fut  ruproduit  grdce  d  la 
g6n6rosite  de:  ^ 

Bibliothdque  nationale  du  Canada 


Les  images  suivantes  ont  6t6  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettet6  de  l'exemplaire  filmd,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 

Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprimdo  sont  filmds  en  commenpant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  selon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  film^s  en  commenpant  par  la 
premidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaTtra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  — «»►  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbols  V  signifie  "FIN". 

Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
film6s  d  des  taux  de  reduction  diffdrents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  cliche,  il  est  film6  d  partir 
de  Tangle  supdrieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  n^cessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  m6thode. 


rrata 
:o 


3elure. 
1  d 


3 


32X 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

i-'i:^tt2-itAX\itl- 


'^i..  T  11 k    II  •  I'liliialtJ 


ii 


SYSTEM    OF    GEOGRAPHY, 

KHIl    TIIK 

/ 

li$iE    OT    SCHOOLS. 


ILLl'STIl A'I'll)    WITH 


MORE  THAN  FIFTY  CEROGRAPIIIC  RIAPS,  AND  NUMEROUS  WOOD-CUT  ENGRAVINGS. 


R  V    SIDNEY    E.    MORSE,    A.M. 


NEW     YORK: 

PUBLISHED   BY   HARPER   &  BROTHERS,   No.   82  CLIFF  STREET. 

1S49. 


DIRECTIONS    TO    THE   TEAfllER. 


1.  Keep  tlio  ])iipil  upon  the  Definitions  nnd  Explanations  on  the  fii-st  four  pages  until  lie  is  thoroughly  arquainted  with  them. 
a.  Go  tluough  the  volume  with  the  Questions  and  Exercises  on  the  maps,  leaving  the  other  matter  tor  a  second  course. 

3.  At  first  the  pu])il  may  answer  the  questions  on  the  map  with  the  map  helore  him  ;   afterward,  at  the  discretion  of  the  teacher,  with 
or  without  the  book. 

4.  The  teacher  should  not  confine  himself  to  the  questions  in  the  hook.     Let  him  ask  these  first,  and  others  afterward.     On  the  ma|)  of 
the  child's  own  state  and  vicinity,  especially,  it  will  he  well  to  he  minute. 

5.  In  the  General  and  Comparative  Views,  we  have  commonly  so  framed  the  questions  as  not  to  retpiire  that  numbers  should  be  com- 
mitted to  memory.     In  asking  additional  (piestions  on  the  tables  the  teacher  must  exercise  in  this  respect  a  sound  discretion. 

6.  In  the  questions  on  the  maps,  words  ])rinted  in  italics  are  to  be  rejjeated  in  asking  the  questions  immediately  succeeding. 

7.  To  facilitate  the  task  of  the  teacher,  nnd  sometimes  to  remove  a  possible  ambiguity  in  the  map.  the  name  which  constitutes  the  an- 
swer to  a  question  is  often  intimated  by  giving  the  initial  and  final  letter. 


EXPLANATIONS  OF  FiaUHES  AND  CHARACTERS  ON  THE  MAPS. 


1.  F 

2.  I< 

;).  c. 

4.  ( 


igiires  on  tlio  maps  nlfarlipd  to  loum.i  donofo  the  nnmlipr  of  fhousands  of  the  populntion 

igures  nttnrlied  to  riirrs  clenotn  the  lengtli  in  liundretls  of  miles. 

ounti-ies  on  the  border  ot' those  wliir'ii  nie  tlie  siiSject  ol'the  miip  lire  (jivcn  eilliei  in  open  letter,  tluis:  '! 

npilnis  of  countries,  eountj   towns,  i-iiilronda,  euiinls,  iVc,  are  distinguished  In-  tlie  t'ollowini;  murks  ■ 

Ciipitnls  ofrouiitfies  are  desigiinted  thus       .       ^.     g 
County  towns     .         .  .         .  .         •       V      ' 

<  hher  towns        ......       ,^ 

t'nnnls         .......      _ 

•'iiilronils mwmKihWUI 

oiul  of  navigation       .....       ^ 


"ii.Taif:n)H^ 


NEW  YORK. 


Ijit.Te.l.  iircfu-cliiiK  t.i  Art  iif  Congress,  iu  llio  year  ICIt.  Iiy  IIuirKit  .V  lUi.inini-,  in  tlie  d.-il;-.  (Mil,,   .it'the  S.iiitlierii  District  el 


fNew  Vcjrk. 


;her,  with 
le  ina|)  of 
1  be  corn- 
's the  an- 


PREFACE, 


The  first  Geography  ever  printed  in  America  waa  prepared  by  the  author's  father  (the  late  Rev.  Dr.  Morse),  and  pub- 
Hshed  at  New-Haven,  Conn.,  in  1784.  For  many  years  Dr.  Morse's  works  were  the  only  text-books  on  Geography  used 
in  our  schools  and  colleges.  The  name  of  the  author  was  iirst  associated  with  that  of  his  father  in  the  twenty-second 
edition  of  the  School  Geography  published  at  Boston  in  1820.  Between  that  date  and  1828  (two  years  after  the  death  of 
Dr.  ISIorse),  five  editions  of  the  School  Geography  were  published,  the  number  of  each  edition  varying  from  10  to  20,000 
copies.  It  was  while  the  book  was  in  this  extensive  de  nand  that  its  puidication  was  suspended,  chiefly  because  the  other 
rfvocations  of  the  surviving  author  did  not  allow  him  the  time  necessary  for  its  proper  revision.  He  always  intended,  how- 
ever, to  resume  the  publication,  when  circumstances  should  favor,  and  the  present  work  is  the  accomplislunejit  of  the  long- 
cherished  design.     Among  its  prominent  ciiiiractoristics  are  the  following : 

1.  The  Allan gcinoit  is  such  that  the  Map,  Uucstions  on  the  Map,  and  Description  of  each  country,  are  on  the  same 
page,  or  on  pages  directly  opposite,  enabling  the  pupil  to  refer  readily  from  one  to  the  other,  without  the  inconvenience  of 
two  books,  or  even  the  necessity  of  turning  the  l(>af 

2.  The  Maps  are  7nore  7iumerons,  and  generally  on  a  larger  scale  than  in  any  other  School  Geography. 

3.  The  Exercises  nn  the  Map  are  so  framed  as  to  present  a  connected  view  of  the  great  features  of  each  country. 

4.  The  Descriptions  are  in  a  series  of  short  paragraphs,  written  in  concise  style,  and  confmed  to  the  most  interesting  and 
characteristic  matter. 

5.  The  correct  Pronunciation  of  difficult  names  is  indicated  bv  dividing  into  svHables,  accentins,  &c. 

G.  The  General  and  Coinparatice  Views  at  the  end  of  the  voliune  are  on  the  plan  first  introduced  by  the  author  iu  1820, 
and  since  adopted  in  many  other  School  Geographies.  They  are  regarded  as  well  fitted  to  exercise  and  strengthen  the 
judgment. 

7.  The  new  art  of  Cerography  is  applied  for  the  first  time  to  the  illustration  of  a  work  of  this  kind,  and  enables  the  pub- 
lishers to  sell  it  at  a  very  low  price. 

The  whole  work  is  the  result  of  long  and  careful  study,  and  is  intended  to  impress  upon  the  mind  of  the  student  such 
cutlines  of  geography  as  will  form  the  best  foundation  for  farther  and  extensive  acquisitions. 


1)  i;  r  I  N  1  T  I  ()  N  s  A  X  i>   i;  .v  v  i,  a  .v  a  t  i  o  n  s. 


WESTERN  HEMISPHERE 


EASTERN  HEMISPHERE 


DEFINITIONS 


AND   EXPLANATIONS. 

1.  Geo>;rapliy  is  a  ilt'scriptioii  Dl'tlic  uiutli. 

2.  TIr;  L'liitli  is  !i  y;ri'iU  gldlie,  splioiv,  or  ball, 
cninpos^'d  of  liitul  ami  water. 

3.  Alioiit  Olio  (luartcr  of  tlie  surface  is  land, 

and  tlireu  (iiuirliM'.s  water. 

NuTK. — 111  t}u'  limp  nt"  tile  world  and  tin'  ntlicr  mnps  iiisprtod 
,  tlic  ILdil  i>un^  rupruiiciit  liind,  nritl  the  dark  jmrts,  'A'litor. 


12.  A  iiiiiinlain  is  a  porlii)ii  of  land  elevated  to  ' 
a  great   lieii;lit   above  tlie  .■iiirroiiiidiii'.f   coiintrv. 
W'lieii  the  land  rises  to  a  small  heiirht,  it  is  caljt'd  i 


abuvc 


Qiiffftinns. — 1.  Wlint  is  L'ent.Tfi]>liy  ?  2.  Wimt  is  tlio  enrtii  ? 
01"  wliitt  IS  It  coiiipoaed  t  U.  Huw  niui-h  til'  tiiu  surliu'c  is  laud, 
and  liow  muidi  water  i 

[Tlic  teaclier  may  In're  speak  (if  tlie  sun.  nimiii.  and  .stars  as 
also  great  uluiies  or  wurldH,  like  tin;  earth,  niuviui.'  tlinMli:h 
spare  like  balls  tliriiu-.rh  the  air.  He  may  iilsu  speak  id'  the 
i'ureu  ot'  trravitatiini,  hy  wliieh  all  bodies  on  the  surt'aee  are  drawn 
as  by  a  [lowerful  magnet  toward  the  cijiitre  ol'  tliesii  |-lobes,  so 
that  ships,  steeples,  and  niouiitaius,  on  opposite  sides  ol'  the 
earth,  and  pointiinr  toward  o|>posite  points  iu  the  heavens,  are 
all  tirinly  supported,  and  men  may  go  all  round  the  world  like 
ants  rtund  an  orau-^'e  without  talluig  oH'.] 

I,  DIVISIONS  or  THE  LAND, 
4.  The  land  is  divided  into  coiiliiieiils  and  isl- 
ands. 

/).  A  antlini'iit  is  a  great  extent  of  land  nowhere 
entirely  separated  by  water. 


at  some  distance  from  the  shore,  where  shijis 
may  safely  ride  at  tmclior. 

-•''■  A  xlniit  is  a  narrow  passage  between  two 
a  lull.     A  i-tillfi/  is  a  hollow  or  low  place  between   bodies  of  water, 

hills  or  mountains.  |      yti.  A  r/nnind  is  a  wide  passage  between  two 

K     A   folviiiio  is  a  niomitain  that  throws  out    bodies  of  water.     A  channel  so  shallow  that  the 

fire,  smoke,  melted  lava,  .Vc.     Tl peniiig  from   bottom  miiy  be  found  by  sinking  u  ship's  lead  is 

winch  the  tire,  fiv.,  issues  is  called  tlic  cnifn:        i  called  a  su'//iil. 

M.  A  roaxt  or  .i/iorc  is  the  margin  of  land  bor-  i      27.  A  riri;-  is  a  large  and  long  stream  of  wa- 
dering  on  the  water.  |ter.     .'^mall  streams  are  called  brooks,  cmks,  or 

1.).  A  ili'wrt  is  a  lanje  tract  of  sand  or  rovk'  rin/h'tx. 


•aliara, 


ir  (ireat 


)V 


!  where  nothing  will  grow,  as  tin 

'  Desert  of  Africa. 

I      10.  An  o(/xis  is  a  fertile  spot  surround 

the  desert,  like  an  island  by  tii<!  ocean. 

I  •' 

I  Qiif^lioiia.—A.  How  IS  the  land  divided/  .'■.  What  is  a  am- 
tiileut  f  tl.  How  many  eonliiients  are  there?  7.  Wiial  me llie 
i'niiiil  ilirifi.iiis  ot  the  ICastern  eonti.ient  '  ot'the  W'e.stern  ecui- 
tinent  !    s.  What  is  an  island  >    '.I.  What  is  a  peninsula  >    10. 

I  What  is  an  isthmus  .'  II.  What  is  a  I'ape  !  What  is  a  prom- 
ontory !  1-J.  What  is  a  mountain  ?  a  hill  !  a  valley  I  I'l.  What 
is  a  voleaiKp  /  a  erater  .'     H.  What  is  r,  coast  or  shore/     15. 

I  What  is  a  desert  (     HI.  What  •'  an  oasis  ( 

II.  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  'WATER. 

'      17.  The  great  body  of  salt  water  on  tin;  globe 

is  called  the  *a  or  ocfiin.     The  great  divisions 


C.  There  are  two  continents,  the  Eastern  and   of  the  sea  are  also  called  oceans. 


18.  There  are  five  oceans  :  viz.,  1.  Tlio  Pa- 
ri/ir,  called  also  tlie  .South  .Sea  ;  2.  the  Atlanlic  ; 
.'J.  the  IiuUaii  ;  -1,  till!  ,1«Y«-,  or  Xorthern  ;  5.  the 
Antarctic,  or  .Soutliern. 

19.  A  sra  is  a  large  body  of  salt  water  nearly 


Western. 

N'oTK. — .Some  ceocraphers  also  call  yewHollanr]  arontinent; 
find  the  grttat  liody  ot'  land  recently  discovered  near  the  riouth 
pole  has  been  called  the  Soutberu  continent. 

7.  The  strand  diriaUmn  of  the  Eastern  conti- 
nent are  Europe,  Asia,  and  Africa,     The  grand   inclosed  by  land, 
divisions   of  the    Western   continent  are  North  j      20.  An  rtr^////;(7rtir"  is  a  sea  filled  with  islands, 
America  and  South  Ame-ica.  |      ai.  A  lake,  is  a' broad  expanse  of  fresh  wa- 

8.  An  inhuid  is  a  small  body  of  land  entirely  ter  surrounded,  or  nearly  surrounded,  by  land. 
Burrounded  by  water.  .Small  lakes  are  called  ponds. 

0.  A  jmnnnuhi  is  a  portion  of  land  almost  sur- ;  22.  A  h(ui  is  a  part  of  an  ocean,  sea,  or  lake 
rounded  by  water.  Cxteiidi.ig  into  the  land.     Large'  bays  are  often 

10.  An  isthmiix  is  the  narrow  neck  which  joins   called  aulfn. 

two  bodies  of  land,  |      s.i.  Small  lays  so  encircled  by  the  lan.l  as  to 

11.  Acrt/jcis  theend  orpoint  of  abodyof  land^be  protected  from  winds  and  tfie  swell  of  the 
projiH'ting  into  the  sea  beyoml  the  general  line  of  |  sea,  and  where  sliijis  may  anchor  with  safety,  are 
the   co,a,st.     If  the  land  at  the  point  is  high  uv  ^cMvd  jmrtx,  liarhors,  ,,r  lini-fiis. 

rocky,  it  is  called  a  promontnr;/  or  headland.  j      24.  A  road  or  rnnd.strad  is  a  part  of  the  open 


28.  'J'he  hiisiii,  or  vallvi/,  of  a  river  is  the  tract 
"country  fiiuii  which  it  derives  its  water.     The 
'ridge  which  dividi's  the  basins  of  rivers  is  called 
I  the  iratvr-sliiil,  or  luiitltl  of  land. 

2il.  The  liaiil;s  of  a  rirrr  are  the  land  bordering 
I  on  it  on  both  sides.     Tli.'  riulit  hank-  is  the  bank 
on  the  riirht-hand  sid"  as  yon  descend  the  stream; 
■  and  the  bank  on  the  opposite  side  is  the  left  bank, 
I      ;iO.  The  |iart  of  a  river  where  the  water  jiasses 
swiftly  over  rocks,  or  (dlier  obstructions  in  the 
channel,  is  called  ike  rapids  of  the  river;    and 
when;  it  rushes  down  a  steeji  place,  or  over  a 
])recij)ice,  tki  falls  or  aitarart. 
I      ;il.  The  mouth  of  a  rirer  is  the  tei-iniiiation, 
|\vlier(^  it  enters  into  a  sea,  lake,  or  other  river, 
I      .'!2.  .Sonu'  rivers  divide  into  several  streams,  and 
enter  the  sea  tliroiiuh  many  mouths,  and  the  tri- 
angular space  embraced  by  these  streams  is  call- 
ed ///(•  ])vlt<i  of  tke  river,  from  its  resemblance  to 
the  fourth  letter  of  till'  (Jreek  iilphabet  (A), 

li.'-i,  \  frith  or  estiiarii  is  the  p.irt  of  the  river 
near  its  nioiith,  which  is  affected  by  the  tide. 

.'J  I,  A  riiiKil  is  a  large  ditch  or  artificial  channel 
dug  in  the  earth,  and  filled  with  water,  for  the  jnir- 
jiose  of  floating  boats  from  one  place  to  another. 

Qiirslinris.—  \7.  What  is  the  L-reat  iKidv  of  salt  water  on  the 

i-dol alle.l  ,'     What  are  the  u-reat  divi.sions  ot'the  sea  i-alled? 

1".  How  many  oceans  are  there  .'  ill.  What  is  a  sea  /  'ju.  an 
aridnpelni;o  lar  ke  pet  a  m)  /  -Jl.  a  lake  ?  'J-J.  a  bav  (  a  (.-ull'/  23. 
a  harlHir  >  -.'1.  a  road  or  niadslead  /  ■-'.'>.  a  strait .'  id.  a  chaiinelT 
a  sound  7  ST.  a  river?  a  bn«ik  ?  'Js.  the  basin  or  valley  of  a  riv- 
er ?  the  watershed?  '-'U.  Wiiat  are  the  banks  of  a  riv.rt 
'Whiib  is  tiie  rifht  bank  (  Mi.  W  hat  arelbi'  rnpidsol  a  nver  J 
the  falls  ?  :il.  What  is  the  nu.uth  of  a  river  ?  oa.  What  is  the 
delta  of  a  river?     :i;i.  What  is  a  frith  ?    J4.  What  is  a  canal  ? 


f 


1)  K  F  I  N  I  T  1  O  N  a    A  N  I»    K  X  V  I-  A    S  A  T  I  O  N  S. 


NOKTHIRI 


SOUTHERNHEMISPHERC 


(Ti>  rnnM'  thrfi'  ili'tuillKins  cif  llic  .lilViTi-iit  1mi.Iii'«(iI  IiiikI  nnil  j 
wiiliT  iniiri'  iiilrlliL'ilile.  Ilic  tiMii'hi'r  niiiy  ri'liT  tin'  |iu|>il  to  riyiTS  ■ 
01-  iMiuiks  mill  piHiiU  ill  liiB  iiwli  vic-iiiily,  pciililliii;  ciut  tlii^  lil,'li'| 

liiiyn.  iMMiinmiliin,  rnprs.  isll »i'».  isliuiils,  slrnils,  &i-.,  wliicli 

||n"ri>  iir  iiii  II  mniiM  nciili',  iiiiil  inkiiiu'  i|Ui'sliiiiis  ri'.H|ifi-liii^' 

Uiem  till  sutisliiMl  timt  the  iliilil  tliciiuuKlilv  iiiiuprihi'iicla  Ilium.]  i 


11.  Tlic;Wc.v  (iff/ir  earth  nio  the  ivvo  ends  of  throiit,'!!  the  pciius  nf  the  earth,  and  cutting  the 
its  axis:  one  is  culled  the  North  Pole,  and  the  equator  at  riniit  aiii;h's. 
!  other  tlie  Smith  Pole.  I      47.  Tliey/zAV  W(77(//((«  is  tliat  from  which  longi- 

4^'.  The  niolion  oftheearlhriiiiTiil  its  axisraiises  Itide  is  reckniied. 
■(Jdi/  iind  iiia/if.     Jf  the  eiiith  ilid  not  move  round;      4S.  TUo  Kiin/cni  and   Wintirn  hcrnhjihem  nrc 
'its  axis,  the  half  toward  the  sun  woidd  have  con-  the  lieiiiisiiheres  into  which  tlie  world  is  divided 
'slant  day,  and  the  other  half  constant  nii,dit.  |liy  a  meridian  passing  lietweeii  tiie  Eastern  and 


4.'i.   The  inoiion  of  the  eartli  round  the  sun,  in 

connection  witli  tlie  inclination  of  the  axis  of  the' 

carlh  to  tlie  plane  of  its  orbit,  causes  the  iiiii-c<:snii,ii 

11/'  the  sidsu/is — Spring,  Suiiiiiier,  Autumn,  and 

Winter. 

[Til  niiiki'  till'  ni.]|iniis  of  tin'  i-nrtli  iiiti'lliL'ilili' to  llio  rliil.l,  tlic 
ti'iirlii'r  sliiiulil  hIiiiw  liiiii  ii  izliibi'  prupcrly  muuiiteil ;  or,  in  tin; 
iilisf  ni'i^  of  a  L'liilu',  liii  limy  list!  an  iipplu,  oriiimL',  or  liali.  willi  ft 
KtmiL'lit  wii-o  pnssiiiL'  tlil'niiL'll  its  ci'liln'.  He  liiny  then  i-xpjjtili, 
lliiit  till'  wilt!  is  tlif  iixiH ;  tliiit  tliii  axis  is  u  iliiimrliT ;  tliiit  tin; 
two  I'liils  ot  till!  axis  an*  tliu  jiolfs  ;  anil  liy  pIliciiiL'  a  i-aliitli'  ut  a 
i  ilistaiiiN',  Hiul  I'liiisiiii:  till'  ball  to  ri'vidvo  iiriniii(i  its  axis,  \w  can 
>  rasily  illusti'iiti-  tin-  pjifiionii'iiaotday  ami  iiii.-lit,  suiiriso,  sunset, 
I  mill  niHin.  To  illiistriiti,*  tlif  siirri'ssinn  of  tiiu  si'asoiia  will  \c 
liltii'iill,  anil  iinli-ss  tliu  I'liilil  is  ot  siiitaliii-  ai:i-  ami  riipii 


Western  continents. 

[Tlie  ti'iirlior  may  licri'  point  out  the  numtiir  nml  meriilinn 
liiifs  on  ft  fliilir  ;  or.  ilTie  lias  no  i:loln\  ninv  pass  astriiiL'  rtmml 
an  apple  or  liall  to  represent  the  einuitor,  ami  other  stritiL's  at 
riL'lit  niiL'les  tn  represent  iiieriilians  ;  anil  may  then  cut  the  apple 
ill  tuo  ei|uiil  iMirtu  at  the  eipialor  to  show  the  Northern  and 
Soiithem  lieinisplieres,  or  in  the  ilireefion  of  one  of  the  uierid- 
ians  to  show  the  Eastern  ami  Western  hemispheres.] 

I  4'.».  If  a  circle  is  divided  into  ;i(iO  e<|iial  parts, 
one  of  these  jiarts  is  called  a  ilvanr.  If  a  degree 
is  ilivided  into  (30  ci|ual  j.arts,  one  of  these  parts 
is  called  a  viinute  ;  and  the  sixtieth  jiart  of  a 
minute  is  called  wseconih 

I  Nil  IK. — Deirrees,  minutes,  and  scronils  are  marked  thus  :  32-* 
11    -i/',  wliieli  means  :i-J  decrees.  It  minutes,  and  26  seeonds. 


lilv,  it  need  not  he  altenipleil.     If  it  slmilld  he  altempteil,  the    - ;,   ,    . 

leaeher  will  hear  in  mind  that  the  axis  of  the  earth  is  inehneil  to  i      I"  the  follo-vim;  eirele.  the  part  trom  .N  to  h.  hemi;  one  qiiar- 
Ihe  plane  of  lis  i.rhit  at  an  aiiL-le  of  o-i    :i-,'' ;  that  ill  everv  |niit  of  ,  ter,  is  90  deuTees,  and  tins  part  lieinu'  siilalivided  luto  nme  equal 
Its  orhit  the  axis  is  parallel  to  itself  poiiiliii-- lU  all  times  loHanl    parts,  eai'li  ol  these  |iarts  n  lU  dek-rees. 
the  North  star,  vvliieh  is  al  an  ineiiiii'eivjihh'  distiinee  in  iht 
ivens  trom  t'very  part  of  our  rioliii  system. 


III.  MOTIONS  or  THE  EARTH. 

I!;').  The  earth  or  t;lolie  is  alnmt  MKIO  miles  in 

diameter,  and  y.'),()(IO  ill  circumference.  ,  .   .       j,         ,         ,,  .i 

,,,,        ,.  ,.         11-  .      •    1  *  1'         heavens  trom  ever\' part  ol  our  boliii  svsteiii.     He  iiinv  then  eiv- 

,!().    1  he  (iHimctir  ot  a  ulolie  is  any  straisrlit  line  |,|„|„  ,|,„t  d,,,,^  ^^-^^^  „,■  ,|„,  ^l„^,^  „re  hottest  upon  whieh  the 

passim'  lhroui;h  the  centre,  and  teruiinaled  by  the'  rays  of  the  sun  strike  most  direetly;  and  he  iimy  show  how 

r     '^         ,1         .,..;.,;!,.  '  I  iniieh  more  direitlv  these  ravs  strike  upon  the  northeni  hemi- 

surluci^  on  the  oppoMte  sl.lcs.  I  sphere  in  mid.sunnner  than  in" midwinter     This  is  shown  impcr- 

1(7.    The  nirruiiijirinrc  ot  a  i^lolie  is  any  circle   feetlv.  Imt  still  intelligihly,  in  the  liyure  illustrating  the  neasom 

whoUV  rounil  it  on  the  surface,  and'"' il"|''»i''"  I'"'--''!    ^     "  | 

iffhe  L'lohe  for  its  centre  I      Q""''"".<.~-i''  What  is  the  size  of  the  earth'    m.  What  is 

I    int.  l,lont.  lol   Its  (.lIlK  .  ihe  diameter  of  a  L-li>he  I     MT.  What  is  the  eireuiifereiiee  of  a  ' 

,'!S.  A  himiyihf/r  is  tlie  hall  ot  a  ololie. 

30.  The  earth  has  two  motions:   lirst,  it 


that  jiasses 
ha.s  the  centri 


spins 
round  on  its  axis,  like  a  top,  once  every  ilay  ;  and, 
eecoridly,  it  moves  round  the  sun  once  every  year. 


I  elohe  !  3S.  What  is  a  hemisphere?  31'.  How  many  motion: 
;  has  the  earth  .'  4iJ.  What  is  the  axis  of  the  earth  .'  41.  What 
I  are  the  |ioles  of  the  earth  !  fi.  What  is  the  elfeet  of  the  miikion 
o(  tho  earth  round  its  axis?  What  if  the  earth  did  not  move  on 
its  axis  /     iJ.  What  eaiises  the  sileee.ssion  of  the  seasons  ! 


IV.  CIRCLES  ON  THE  GLOBE. 
44.   The  I'lpiiitor  is  an  iniairiiiary  circle  passiii 
round  the  earlh  on  tlie  surface,  and  every  wher 
equally  distant  from  the  two  poles. 

4;").  The  equatordivides  the  earth  into  the  Xurth-   "■•'•  l""""" 

cm  and  Soiithfni ho/iix/ihcn'.i ;  the  Xorthern  hemi- 

s|)here  embracing  all  between  the  equator  and  the 

40.  The  «.(•(.«  ((/V//ccMf//(  is  ail  imaginary  slraiiihtiXorlli  rule,  ami  the  Suuthcrn  hemisphere  all  be- 

lint!,  passingthrough  the  centre, and  iirotind  which  |t\veen  the  eipiator  and  the  South  Vole. 

it  revolvoH  once  in  every  twenty-four  hours.  |      4G.  Mtnillans  are   iniii'.'inary  circles   passing 


no.  The  trojiicf  are  two  circles  on  the  globe 
parallel  to  the  eiiuator,  at  the  distance  of  23  de- 
U'lees  and  2S  minutes,  one  on  the  north  side  of  the 
etiiiator,  and  the  other  on  the  south  side. 

X 1  iTK. — I'liniUrl  liili's  or  rircles  are  lines  or  eireles  which  ran 
in  the  same  direetion,  and  keeji  at  the  same  di-taiii 


same  ili-taiiee  fmm  eaeh 

ther,  hut  never  meet.     In  the  tiu'ure  helim-.  the  lines  \  B  and  ('  O 

lines,  anil  the  eireles  EFU  and  I  UK,  parallel  eireles. 


A- 
C- 


_B 


DEFINITIONS    AN!)    B  X  I'  f-  A  N  A  T  Id  N  S. 


P 

urn  lie 

Is 

u 

T 

o 

'A 
1 
■&— 

M 

1 

a 

s 

C3 

71 

I' 

urn 

11,. 

l8 

MrridtanM.  PtraMi 

/Jl.  Tile  tiiipic  Oil  llic  north  .siiliM)ftli(!  ('(luiitdr 
IS  ciillod  till!  /n//)ic  uf  Cancer,  iiii'l  the  tiopli:  on  llic 
Mouth  siile  of  the  I'limitor,  the  tropic  oj' Capricorn. 

|Tho  wonl  lro]nc  ia  fnim  n  Urin-k  wurcl  «ii/liifyiiiL' //Wiirn,  be- 
ruust'  when  tlio  iim  Ht  in«m  in  vertit-nl  (or  liirt'cily  over  lu-nth  to 
tilt*  iiilinhitnnts  dii  citlier  of  tlirno  rirclpii,  it  ii|j[ifnrM  In  Htun,  un<l 
rrturn  towanl  tbo  eiiualiir.  Tliii  nun  in  victual  to  tlic  inliHliit- 
aiita  unilur  tliu  tnipic  of  Ciiih'it  im  or  alKiiit  tin'  'Jlit  iilMunf.  to 
t\w  inlialiituntii  iimli'rtlip  >'i|ualnr  (oriujiliT  tint  Iim-,  in  it  inoliuii 
callod)  about  tho  'JlBt  of  Mari'li  ami  liUt  of  .SoptcmliiT,  auil  uii-. 
AvT  the  tnjpic  of  Caprifuni  on  tbt:  -'tut  of  Iti*ci'nil»»T.  Whon  tbo 
gun  nt  n<K>n  is  iliroctly  over  tlic  tMjitator,  the  iliiyti  and  iiigbtK  are 
tMnial  all  over  tbo  i?lobt',  and  tboMi'  tiinen  are,  Iberefore,  ealled 
t'iniruixfs.  Knml  tlio  period  of  the  venial  etjiiiiiox  (Mareh  'JlstI 
the  days,  north  of  the  equator,  are  ahvavM  more  than  VX  hours 
long,  and  continually  un)wini,'  lonncr  til*  .lime  'JUt,  when  tbo 
Bun  arrives  at  our  lunnner  sotstiee,  and  from  that  period  they 
pniw  eontinually  shorter  till  Uueembor  Jlst,  when  tliu  sun  ar- 
rives at  the  winter  solstice.] 

S2.  The  polar  circles  arc  two  rirclos  on  tho 
plobe,  around  tho  two  poles,  at  the  distance  of  23 
degrees  and  28  minutes.  The  iinme  of  the  north- 
ern polar  circle  is  the  Arctic  circle  ;  and  that  of 
the  southern  polar  circle,  the  Antarctic  circle. 

Qiirtliom. — ii.  What  is  the  equator?  4,'i.  Wbatis  the  iiorth- 
eni  beniispbere  f  the  southern  heininpliere  ? 

41).  What  are  meridians  \  47.  What  is  th«  6rst  meridian  ? 
48.  What  are  the  Kastem  and  Westerji  hemispheres  7 

49.  What  is  a  deu'i-ee  7  a  minute  7  a  seicnid  7  What  U  the 
mark  for  a  ileuTce  7  for  a  minute  7  for  a  second  7 

.'lO.  What  are  the  tnipics  f  What  are  paralli.d  lines  or  circles? 
.11.  What  is  the  tropic  of  I'ancer  7  the  tropic  of  f'apricorn?  .'■'.>. 
What  are  the  polar  circles  7  What  is  the  Arctic  cin-le?  tho 
Antarctic  circle  7  ] 

NoTF. — The  tiL'ure  of  the  circles  L'iven  alstve  r-presents,  as 
nearly  ns  is  possible  on  a  Hut  surface,  one  half  -. .  the  eiiuatur, 
tropics,  and  jiolar  circles. 

V.  ZONES. 

.53.  The  Zones  are  the  divisions  of  the  earth's 
surface,  inaile  hy  the  two  tropics  and  two  polar 
circles.  They  are  culled  zones  liecause  tliev  en- 
compass the  earth  like  zones  or  helt.s. 

54.  There  are  /ire  zcries  :  one  Torrid,  two 
Temperate,  and  two  F'Icrid. 

or}.  The  Torrid  zone  is  the  part  of  the  earth's 
surfacebeiween  the  tropic  of  t'ancer  and  the  tropic 
of  Capricorn.  The  Xort/iern  Temperate  zonc\s\\\e 
part  between  the  tropic  fjf  Cancer  and  the  Arctic 
circle  ;  and  the  Southern  Temperate  zone,  the  jjart 
between  the  tropic  of  Capricorn  and  the  Antarctic 
circle.  The  Xort/n'rn  Frii^iil  zone  is  tin.'  part  be- 1 
tween  the  Arctic  circle  and  the  North  I'ole  ;  and 
tho  Southern  Frisfiil  zone,  the  jiiirt  between  the 
Antarctic  circle  and  tho  South  I'ole. 

56.  The .«(/«  in  the  Torrid  zone  at  noon  is  seen 
directly,  or  almost  directly,  over  the  heads  of  the 
inhabitants  ;   and  the  heat  is  very  ificat. 

.07.  TUe  dai/x  and  niishts  in  the  Torrid  zone  are 
always  uearly  ei|ual.  Th<;  .sun  rises  not  far  from 
six  o'clock,  and  sets  not  far  froin  six  o'clock,  all! 
the  year  round.  | 

58.  The  sun  in  the   Teinjiernte  zones  is  never 
seen  at  noon  directly  over  the  heads  of  the  inhab- 
itants, but  in  some  part  of  the  zones,  a?  some  sea-  j 
sons  of  the  year,  1;  is  seen  at  every  other  elevation 
from  the  level  of  tho  horizon  upward.  1 

59.  The  temperature  iff  the  Temperate  zones  is 
variable  ;  in  the  parts  of  the  zone  iK^ar  the  polar 
circles,  very  cr.ld  in  winter,  nnd  in  tho  parts  near 
the  tropics,  very  hot   in   summer  ;   but,  on  the 


whole,  it  is  leinperale,  as  the  name  implies,  and 
favorable  to  the  growth  of  the  most  iisi.'fid  vege- 
tables and  animals. 

(JO.  The  daijs  and  nii;hts  in  the  Temperate  zones 
are  very  unequal,  especially  in  the  jiarts  near  the 
polar  circles,  where  tho  day  is  nearly  21  hours 
long  in  midsummer,  and  tho  night  nearly  24  hours 
long  in  midwinter. 

01.  The  sun  in  the  Friaid  zones  does  not  set  for 
a  certain  number  of  days  in  siiiiinier,  but  aji]iears 
to  move  all  round  the  horiztm,  and  never  rises  for 
a  certain  number  of  days  in  winter.  At  the  poles 
tho  sun  is  six  months  above  and  six  months  below 
the  horizcui. 

G2.  Tho  temperature  of  the  Fris^id  zones  is  so 
cohl  that  nothing  can  grow  there  except  a  few 
plants  in  the  parts  nearest  to  the  Temperate  zones, 
and  even  tho  few  men  that  live  there  are  of  a 
dwarfish  size.  Snow  and  ico  cover  luiid  and  sea 
duiing  nearly  the  whole  year. 

[The  teacher  should  here  dwell  uimn  the  fact  that  heat  du. 
pends  chiefly  on  the  anudt;  at  which  t'.  ■  sun's  rays  strike  tlie 
earth ;  that  where  the  sun  is  hiudi  alnive  tlu^  horizon,  and  the 
rays  ciune  dov\-n  perptMidi  'ularly,  or  nearly  so,  the  heat  ia  very 
(.n-eat,  and  that  wlicre  the  sun  is  low,  or  near  the  horizon,  it  has 
little  (Hiwer.  lie  may  then  illustrate  by  tbt;  tliai^rain  Indow  how 
jMiwerbd  the  sun  must  be  in  the  Torrid  zone,  and  bow  feeble  in 
the  I'^riL'iil  zone.  The  oilu-r  facts  stated  aUtve  are  also  illustrated 
by  tlio  rliagriun  1 


Zimct 

parallel  with  the  ei|uator.  They  are  all,  of  course, 
smaller  than  the  eipiator,  and  continuully  dimiiii.ih 
ns  you  approadi  the  poles. 

til).  The  lonifitude  of  a  place  is  its  distnnco  from 
the  first  meridian,  either  east  or  west,  reckoned  in 
degrees  on  the  ecpiator.  In  the  highest  longitudo 
there  are  one  liiiii(bed  and  eighty  degrees. 

t)7.  The  teni^th  o/'a  dei^ree  ii/'  lons^ituile  on  tho 
equator  is  sixty  geographiciil,  or  sixty-nine  and  a 
quarter  statute  miles;  on  the  parallel  of  liO^,  thirty 
geographicul  miles,  ur  one  half  us  iniiny  as  on  tho 
equator. 

C8.  The /c«4'///  of  a  ilet^ree  of  latitude  is  always 
sixty  geographical,  or  sixty-nine  and  a  quarter 
statute  miles. 

Qiimtinnt. — K],  What  is  latituile  7  C4.  What  places  are  in 
north  latitude  7  How  many  decri-ea  in  the  hiubest  latitude  7 
ll.'i.  What  are  parallels  of  fiililudi^  7  (111.  Wiiut  is  Inneitudi>  ? 
How  many  decrees  in  the  hicbest  lonu-itude  7  li;.  ll7/»/  i.«  Ihe 
/eav/A  et''l(/ei'rcce/"A,«ir;yM*/c on  the  equator  ,'  on  the  parallel  of 
CU  '  7     W.  What  IS  the  lenijlh  of  u  dei,-ree  of  latitude  1 

VII.  POINTS  or  COMPASS. 
69.  Thpsensildehorizon  is  the  small  circle  which 
bounds  our  prospect,  where  the  sky  and  land,  or 
water,  set^m  to  m(>et.  The  real  horizon,  or  the 
horizon  of  the  globe,  is  the  great  ciicle  parallel 
to  tho  sensible  horizon,  which  divides  the  earth 
into  two  hemispheres. 


Qi/rslinns. — .'n.  What  are  the  zones  7  why  are  they  called 
zones  7  ;i4.  How  nuuty  zones  are  there  7  .'ij.  What,  iir  where, 
is  the  Torrid  zone  7  the  Northern  Tiuuperale  zone  ?  the  Soulb- 
eni  Teinperiilo  zone  7  the  Nortfieni  Frigid  zone  /  ibu  iSoutbern 
Frit'td  zone  7 

.Mi.  How  does  the  ann  appear  at  noon  in  the  Torrid  zone? 
.'i~.  How  do  the  days  and  niebts  comiuiri;  in  lenutb  iii  .be  Torrid 
zone  7  5W.  How  does  the  sun  appear  at  thhiii  in  ibf  Temperate 
zones  7  .'iS.  What  is  the  temperature  of  the  Temperate  zones  7 
<iO.  How  lio  the  liuys  and  nii:bts  roinpate  in  lenetb  in  the  Tem- 
perate zones  7  (!1.  How  does  the  sun  appear  in  the  Krii,'iil 
zones  7     li-J.  What  is  the  temperature  of  the  Frigid  zones  7 

VI.  LATITUDE  AND  LONGITnDE. 

03.  The  latitude  of  it  i)lace  is  its  distance  from 
the  equator,  measured  in  degrees  and  minutes  on 
the  meridian  whic;h  piisses  through  the  place. 

()4.  Places  north  of  the  equator  are  in  /lorth 
latitude,  and  those  which  are  south  of  the  equator 
are  in  south  latitude. 

NoTK. — The  number  of  decrees  in  the  biu'liest  latitude  is  nine- 
ty. The  pob.'S,  which  are  I'artber  from  the  eipmtiir  than  aiiy 
,,'tJ).T  ]..,ii,ls  i,r,  tl,e  t:l.ib.i,  are  or.Iy  ninety  .'Iri-r -c;;  di-tant. 

65.  Parallels  t)f  latitude  are  circles  on  the  globe 


Note. — If  you  were  raised  lij,  in  the  nir  so  biijh  that  yon 
could  aeeone  half  ol  tin-  Ldobe,  the  sensible  horizon  and  the  real 
horizon  would  be  the  same.  T'lie  half  of  the  etobe  which  you 
could  see  would  In'  the  upfier  hemisphere,  and  the  part  which 
you  could  not  see,  the  Icirvr  hemisphere. 

70.  The  horizon  is  divided  by  the  fiinr  cardinal 
points,  Noth,  Kast,  South,  and  West,  into  four 
eijual  parts  of  90  degrees  each. 

71.  Aeompassia  a  magnetic  needle  resting  upon 
a  ]iivot  over  a  circle,  the  cir(umferi'nc(>  of  which  is 
divided  into  four  eipial  parts,  inarked  North,  Kast, 
South,  und  West,  each  of  which  is  again  subdividetl. 

NoTF. — Here  is  the  j'ictnre  of  a  compass.  The  number  of 
points  ia  32.  The  four  eiirtlinnl  or  prioeipHl  points  are  North, 
Kast,.Soutb,  and  West.  The  point  half  way  belween  North  and 
East  is  Northeast ;  the  point  ball'  way  between  Fast  and  .-loiitb, 
Southeast ;  the  point  biilf  way  between  .^oiitb  and  Wi'St.  iSouth- 
west ;  the  point  halfway  betwi-en  West  and  .N'orth,  Northwest , 
all  inarked  by  their  iliitrals  ;  N.E.  for  Nortfieast ;  8.E.  for  cioutli- 


>i 

« 

!< 

laAtl 

Oi 

«, 

r 

g 

1 

1 

% 

)ui 

[^ 

ll_ 

m 

1»  i:  1'  I  N  I   r  I  O  N  S    AN  l>     K  \  I'  I,  A    \  A   I'  I  O  \  S 


72.  TIki  ni:iLjni'lic  ncfillc  always  piiints  North 
Biui  Soiilli,  rxccpt  slinlil  vuiiiiliiiijH.  j 

7.'l.  Till!  (■(piii|iasH  is  iiivaliiiibic  to  llm  siiilor. 
Willi  till'  coinpiiss  to  uiiiile  him,  ho  I'uii  liuvcl 
with  safety  across  llio  pathless  oreaii. 

Qiii;-itiim>i.~ti  I.  What  is  the  Ht'iiHililt'  Imriznn  ?  W'lint  in  tlir 
mil  liiirizcih  ?  1  >cm  wire  niisi'.l  -.-.iisn  liiuli  in  llir  iiirtlml  the 
H.'iisilih'  mill  rfiillinri/ttii  wuiihl  In-  the  hiiiiic.  whnt  wii.ihl  you 
i-iill  tliii  Imiriiflhi'  i-'lolif  wliii'h  \iiii  iiMiiil  si'i'  .'  Ityoii  wen"'  at 
fithiT  lit'  till'  iKili'S,  wliitl  Limit  cirrh-  wnulil  hi-  tin'  rt'ni  linriziiii  1 
70.  W'liiit  an-  Ihf  limr  i-anliiml  |i(iiiits  culled  f  lluw  is  the  Im- 
riziiii  ilivi.leil  In  the  I'lirilhiul  |iiiiiil«  ( 

~1.  What  is  a  i'niiiii!e..s  ?  Uiiw  lire  the  fmir  caniinal  puiiitn 
liiarketl  nil  the  i-diiipiiss  '  What  are  the  names  nt'  the  |iiiinls 
half  wav  helweeii  the  riinliiiul  [luiiitJ  '.  ilew  are  they  nilirUeil  ? 
7-.  Whii'li  way  lines  the  liiaii'nelie  needle  point  t  7J.  Ul"  what 
value  is  the  lUliipass  I 

VIII.  MAPS, 

7  t.  A  mi(/i  is  a  rc|iri'.-(titatioii  of  tlio  earth's 
surface,  or  sniiii!  part  of  it,  oti  :i  plan  ■. 

'•■>.  Ill  maps,  till'  rivers,  coasts,  ati  I  other  lines 
are  coiiimoiily  ilrawii  as  they  woiilil  appear  to  the 
eye  if  it  were  at  ii  ifreat  liei'..;ht  in  the  air,  direct- 
ly over  the  centre  of  the  country  represeiitei]. 

|Tlie  ti-aehiT  may  show  how  this  is  Iriie  in  the  map  of  the 

Nollh'i'll  hemisphere.  Ii>  plaeili-'  the  halfol ipple,  re[iresenl 

ill:.'  this  hemispliere.  upon  a  tlat  snifaee,  and  etittinL'  down  per- 
pendieu]arl>  on  the  meridians  In  the  tlat  sinfaee,  the  lines  on 
wltieli  made  1»>  llie  Unite  will  eorrespiind  with  the  meridian  lines 
as  drawn  on  the  map  of  the  Norlherli  hemispher,'  on  Ihe  sev- 
enth pnu'e.  And  in  liUe  miimiiT  in  other  maps.  He  may  show, 
also,  that  iiii,\   plaee  iHoston.  tin- example,  or  New  ^'nrkl  woillil 

he  put  on  sileli  ii   map  at  the   point  where  a  n lie  passing 

tliroityh  it  perpeiidieiilally  would  strike  the  tlat  Sllrlaeej 

7(i.  The  top  of  till!  map  is  north  ;  the  riijhthanil 
si(U\  east  ;  the  liollom,  south  ;  and  the  left-hand 
sid.',  west. 

.NiMK,— The  maps  of  the  world  on  the  polar  project  inn  are  an 
exce|itiiiii.  The  central  point  in  the  map  of  llie  .Northern  hem 
isphere  is  north,  and  every  direction  from  the  centre  to  the  cir, 
eumferenee  is  south, 

77.  The  lines  (hawn  from  the  to|i  to  the  hol- 
toni  of  the  map  represent  iiii /■itlin/n-,  or  lines  of 
lonoitiidi'.  'I'lie  lilies  driiwii  from  side  to  side  rep- 
resent jKirallih  iif  Idtitihlf. 

7>>.  The  tliriires  alotii;  the  top  and  Iniitom  of 
liKips  denote  the  ih'griis  iif  luiii^itudi-  t'rom  the 
principal  meridian. 

NnlK. — If  the  liirures  increase  frnm  left  to  riL'ht,  the  longitude 
is  east  .  if  Irotii  riudit  to  left,  the  lonL'itilile  is  west.  In  10n::lish 
maps,  the  meridian  ot  tireenwich,  near  London,  is  commonly 
tiikrn  as  the  priiieipa!  meridian. 

70.  The  tioiires  iiloiiqr  the  sides  of  the  map  ex- 
press the  ilri'ixis  iif' liititiuli: 


if  dnwnw~.Jd'l',mil"r'''  ""■'■'■'""'  "I'"'"'''''  "'"  '"'""'I'-'  '•  '""■'" .  are  monarchies  of  sniall  extent  governed  hy  priti 
,,      ,        '         ..,,  ces,  dukes,  niaiiil-dukes,  Ikr. 

(Jiimliiina.—  ,  I.  Wlinlisnmap?     7.'i.  Where  is  Ii ve  of  i       Kr      \  ■        :  I       c  i    i 

theniapt,iakersnppii.sedi wile,,  he  is  imikniL.  his  map'/  7iJ      ^'''  .'* "   '"V""'   '^  "•"inp'ised   ol    Several   lar^o 

Which  part  of  th, ,p  is  niaih  .'     IIV,,,-//  /„,,/.  cast  t  south  f   coiiiitlleH  rilled  liy  tuie  Iiiaii,  called  an  emperor. 

west  t     How  is  it  with  I'  *' '  '     ■    *'      -    ' 

t 

li 


vest  f      How  IS  it  with  l,i[i|is  of  the  VMald  ol,  the  polar  liloiee.  1       ^,        ,  ,.    ,,.,     ..  i       ,      ,.     ,,., 

ioni     77.   What  lines  on  maps  represent  nnTidnns  ,'    \vN,at  ^...^^""VTru,  ''V'"'","  "'""""'■">' '    "'..^V,"" '"  """'■'«; 

.lies,  parallels  of  latllilde  )     7s.  wl, the  tienres  H i,  Ihe    L    '?iV ..  "-,.  V,  "",  '."  '     ''.'"'"vV-",-'.':.  '■..^.:.''.;'.'  T."  V'^t 


'_'■   i>l,  U  hat  is  a  kinedoiii  I    i>.'i.  What  in  a  iiriiici|mlity  (    What 


ip  and  Isiltom  of  miips  denote/     In  which  direeiaai  Ho  the  liu-    "  "   "<"'>'"  <^">"' ';<'<•     -■■■   "■ 
res  increase  when  the  lo„..|lud,.  is  east  .'    711,  What  do  ll!„  llu-    "  "  ''"'''>  '     "■■  ^^  '""  '"  ""  '■'"' 


iro  t 


as  you  ijo  up,  whiell  way  is  the  latitude  ( 
NORTH 


top  and  I 

ures  increase  when  the  lonL-ilude  is  east  ,'    7:i,  What  do  thn  ll^ 

ures  iilon«  the  sides  of  the  map  ilenole  .'    II  the  lijjureil  iuereiuiu  QUESTIONS  AND  BXER0I8ES  ON  THE  MAPS. 

M,\r  Iif  Till;  NINK  TII\VN,silll'S  ,  lIVoc/,  ,,/■//„  /o»vi. 
»//(/M  is  farlhist  iiiiilli  '  Which,  farthest  east/  Which,  h,,-- 
I  thesl  south  /     Winch,  larlhcst  west  I 

IVtitrh  inn/  fn>m  /iiir/i^tun  .Vc  .'»  ix  ffiirttiihin  No.  ij  ?   No,  'i  t 
I  No,  0  /   ,No.  II  /   No.  "  /    No.  7  /   No.  ■!  /   .\o.  1  1 
I      in  ir/iut  imrl  nj  .Vo.  .'•  is  the  schiMil  house  /     In  what  part,  tluj 
|HHal  /    In  what  part,  tlie  mill  /    111  what  part,  the  fai'tory  /    In 
what  tnirt,  the  inn  / 
I        Wlilrli  11,11,  fi,:m  tlir  triiiml  l,„l(,r  is  Mt.  Tom  ?      Which  Way, 
the  iiiarsh  /  the  harlHir  /  the  sandy  plain  / 
I       ///  //■//,//  tlin'ihini  lii'i-t  /l/irni'i  iilli  thrnuci,  towiisliip  .\o.  S  / 
[  throuLd,  township  No,  !'•  !  thrim-di  township  .No.  s  / 
I      How  is  tiiwnsii,p  .No  .'■  iHiuiided  ' 
I     M,\IMI|'I1()STI)N  ANl>rilK\ICINITV,-Arethereniiy 

I  ishiiidso,,  Ihe  inapot  Itosion Ivicintts  /   .Name  some  of  tin  ni. 

'  Are  there  any  peiiiiistil;is  /  What  is  Kostoli.  iin  i-/<iinl  or  a  /«;i. 
'  intiilil  I  Wliat  is  Kasl  Boston  T  rliarlestown  /  .Nahant  /  Are 
there  any  lakes  or  ponds  on  the  map  /     .Name  some  nt'lhcin. 

Which  way  froiii  Huston  is  1 1, ,,  town  ot'l'lielse't  /  What  point 
nr  cape  at  the  sniithern  extrenetv  et  I 'helsea  /  What  havs  on 
till!  coast  soiith  of  Hosloi,  /  Wlial  river  empties  into  Busnai 
harhiir  /  What  river.  Into  llorcliister  huy  /  What  hills  or 
mountain  at  the  point  wheri-  tic  luwns  ol  Uai,iey,  Hraintri',', 
and  .Milton  inei  l  /  What  railroad  runs  from  ticse  hills  to  Ne- 
piMiset  river  /  In  wdiat  direction  does  the  (Jiiincy  raiiroad  ran  / 
Wliiili  viii/fniiii  lli:»loii  is  riiarleslown^  I'.miii/  5-hirlev 
IHiint  /  fohassct  /  Uniiiey  /  Ileilham  '  Ilrcjhtoi, /"  Fresh  pond'/ 
In  iiliillilnnlian  liinii  ll,fl,'ii.,iii,l/liiiiiii.'li  irli,,/  Aiw,/..,  does 
the  ICastern  railroad  run  /  the  Lowell  railroad  /  the  \S'eslcru 
rililroail  /   the  rntvidelice  railroad  /   the  Middlesex  canal  / 

M.M'  <>V  Ni:W  liNiil, AND,— What  states  on  the  luath  of 
Miissachiiielts  /  What  Iniily  of  water  on  the  east/  What 
nllil.  s  on  Ihe  soiilh  /      Wlial'slale  on  Ihe  west  7 

Met  ween  \v  liiit  ciipcs  does  MiisMichilsetts  hay  Set  lip  froin  till) 

I  .       ,         ■  ,  ...  .      ■■  ,       ,  ,         oil  an  /      Whal  lans  oil  Ihe  opposite  sides  of  ill,,  I insula  of 

'  lf('(l  indixinlll/  ;    11  Hot,  It  Is  illl  (llixdiulc  iniillil  rillij,    cap,-  I'ml  /     Whal  laree  islands  soiilli  ofthe  peninsula  / 
or  ilfffpitti.snt.  '      vV'hal  river  divides  Vermont  from  New  Hanipshire.  and  mi-,.1 

.   ,      .  '  ,  •  .-,■,.!        Ihroitcli  Massachasitis  anil  I'oiineclii  111  iiilo  l.otm  islandsouiiaf 

M.  An  ,in.s/„rnir,/  is  a  o;overtiment  m  winch  iho  i„  „,|,„(  .i,,,,,,,,,,,,  ,|,„,,  ,|„,  i„„,i,,i,ta  ,it  run  / 

supreme  ])ower  is  vested  in  a  few  pi'rsoiis,  usti-^      IIV/.i/  i„iiHiir.i  n,  M,iatiiikii-,//t  on  the  noriliem  Isirder? 

allv  styled  the  nohility.  ! 'I'";',  Isinhr  /  on  llni  coast  /     Naine  the  lounty  towns  ill 

*\  .   -  •  1,    ,       1        each  ol  these  ciiinilles  /    \V  liiit  Is  the  cii|iitiil  ot  Massachiisett.s  / 

I         !s2.    A    (IcillOI-nlCI/  IS   a   iroveriimellt    in  wlllcll   the     Whal   are  the  capilaU  of  ('oimei  lieut  /   of  Uhol,,  i^hiiid  / 

,,,,|],.(,||^,,.|y      j      Which  wa>  li-iim  Moi-lon  is  ,\lliaiiy  /      H>   "hut  towns  do.'s 


SOUTH 

film'  oj  tht  uiiie  iinninfitpa, 

IX,   POLITICAL  DIVISIONS. 
80.   A  7iuiiinn-liii  is  a  irovriiimeiil   In  which  the 
soveieiij;!!   power  is   in   tln^  hands  of  one  |ier.soii. 
If  this  power  is  limited  hy  law.  it  is  calliul  a  liiii- 


^..^       .  II-     •  .    .      ■   '      1 ',    I      1  •  ■      the  railroad  ti'oii,   Itoxion  to  .\lliaiiv  pass/     Which  wa\  from 

NJ.   A  Itjiuhhc  is  a  state  Iti  winch  the  Jiower  is    New  Hann  is  Norihaniptoi,  /     Tlimudi  what  ciiniuie's  does 


power  is  in  the  hands  of  ilie  peop! 
bi;J.   A  ri/iti/i/lc  is  a  state  in  wliic 

in  the  hands  of  iiersoiis  elected  hy  the  people  us  iheeiinal  iriun  New  Haven  to  Northaniptoii  pass '    Which  wav 

ih.iir  n...nis..Mf,tiv..s  fioni  New  York  to  All. any  /    What  riM,r  iinilcs  them  /    In  what 

tilt  11   ItpllsUlt,lll\.s.  ^               Idircclioi,  does  thn  Hudson  run/     Which  way  from  liostuu  i,s 

bil.  A  kiiiirdiim  IS  a.  country,  iisuallv     '  .   -. ... 

.lent,  Ruhjecl  to  ii  monarch  called  a  kiti 

Bo.  I'n/ii  ijxi/itifs,  (li/f/tii:i,  gru/iu'-di/i  /ill .1,  iV 


'i\ 


y-L  A  kifii^dtim   is  a  country,  iiHiiaHv  of  qi-cal  Ni-w  Vm-k;    Hiiw  j:tr  »:-.  it  m  n  :<ti:u-lit  liu:-//' 
CXUMlt,  sultii'cl  ti)  U  moiiarrll  callfil  a  kill"-.    '  I  ,  A'/''  -  'l''."  t.-urI..T  nniv  h.-iv  hI.mw  th.-  |Mi|.il  iJi,.  nnsuor  lo 

IhiH  IfiMl  (pirNtinii  by  »l'l'l.\  I'll-'  Mm-  niiii|iii«<sr.«),  ur  (lhi  t-ikt^  ol  a 
hIii'i  t  (it'|i(i|M'r,  tu  till-  ffiuli'  nt'iiiilt-x.  miil  iiit-asuriii^  tlu;  ilit-t     i-**. 


W  ()  U  L  I). 


QtTESTIONS  AND  EXERCISES  ON  THE  MAP. 
AVliK'li  lK'ni'.-f[)hore  cititains  most  lainl,  tlio  Knstoni  nr  \V( 


C         I  0  i 

I      Is  niiy  pnrt  ol'  Asi:i  jti  the  tfrrni  zniu-  ?  (iny  pJirt  nf  Kumpc? 
]  any  part  ot*  N.  Aniunci?  any  jmrt  of  Australia  ?     What  luiyu 
est-    islands  are  in  the  tatriil  zone  f     U  any  pnit  of  Africa  tn  the  liin- 
ern  ?     On  \vhic:h  side  of  thu  e'luutor  is  thuru  nioht  land,  the  jteratv  zoncl  any  part  (if  i?.  Anieriiii  7 
northern  or  southern?  j      Wlmt  trrtind  ilinsunis  of  tin-  ici^rld  Imnhr  on  the  Paiillc 

Of  the  six  ^rnnd  divisions  of  the  earth  (Europe,  Asia,  Afrii-n,  m-ean  ?  on  thj  Alhmtio  ?  Arctie  ?  Antareiic  ? 
N.  America.  S.  Amerieu,  and  Australia),  whicli  is  the  hirL'est?  :  What  ocean  hituren  Asia  and  America?  Eumpe  and  N. 
Which  next  ?  Which  two  come  next  ?  Wliieh  two  are  the  :  America  ?  Africa  and  S.  Ann-rica  ?  Africa  and  Au.«lraiia  ? 
nmallest  ?  Whicli  are  crnased  l>y  the  equator  ?  Which,  hy  the  \  W'hirh  e.ttrndxfarthisf  smith.  Africa  or  S.  America  .'  Knrope 
tropin  of  Cancer?  Which,  hy  the  tnipie  of  Capricorn  ?  Whnh.  or  Asia?  N,  America  or  Asia  ?  X.  America  or  Europe  .' .<.  Anier- 
h,-  the  Arctic  circle?  What  lari-'e  islands  are  crossed  hy  the  ieaor  Au.straha  ?  Can  you  name  these  six  LTaud  divi.sinri.s  of  the 
equator  i  \  k'"'"'  i'»  order,  heLrinnmu'  with  thof'f  whi'  h  arc  farthest  sinitli  / 

In  ichn  zone  is  the  greater  part  of  Asia  ?  Europe  ?  Atica  ?  '  *•'/'"'  '■■'  fhi  latitude  of  the  soulhcm  point  of  Afrii-a  ?  of  the 
N.  Americr.7  S.  America?  Australia?  What  i/rand  divisions  southern  point  uf  Australia  \  of  the  suutlieni  point  of  S.  A  utr 
tx'.end  intfi  the  frijjid  zone  7  1  \'-^  ?  of  the  southern  pfpint  of  Asia 7 

10 


In  leJiat  zone  arc  tlu'  W.  India  IslandH  7  the  .^iM-irty  i«hind(t ' 
the  Sand\vii-h  islands?  New-Zealand?  SpitzluTL-'en  ?  the 
A;!ores  ?  Newfoundland  7  the  Hritibh  islaudH  7  Kamtsi  hat\a  I 
the  Spice  islanils  ? 

What  ea/te  at  the  smithcm  extremity  of  S.  America  ?  at  the 
isnutheni  extremity  (tf  Africa?  at  the  fioutherii  extremity  of 
Hiud<Kistan  f  al  the  southern  extremity  of  (in-enhmd  f  at  tins 
western  extnunit}  of  Africa  !  at  the  western  ('Xtiemit_\  of  Eu 
rope  7  at  the  easti-rn  i-xtrcmity  of  S.  America  ! 

What  ^fVf  between  Afiiea  and  Euto[ie  f  Africa  and  AniaT 
China  and  }lorneo  ?  WeNt  India  inlands  and  South  America  ? 
Arahia  and  lIind<Hi.stan  ? 

W/iat  stmtf-t  at  the  moutli  of  tin*  MeiitciTanean ''  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Hed  si-a  7  What  straits  dieide  New  Ilcdlnnd 
from  New  Guinea  ?  New  Holland  fi-om   Van   iJiemcii'i  land  7 


EASTERN 


HEMISPHERE 


Pnmntra  (n)m  Java?  Snmntra  from  Mnlmcat  America  from 
AliaT  PataL'onia  fntm  T.'rra  tlel  Fui'l'o  ? 

\\%iU  tame  isliiH.l  (illthi!  scmtlii'ni  pniiit  of  niliilnontTln  7  otV 
tin;  f.K.  i-ciFHt  of  Al'rlra  /  oil'  llic  nurllii'ni  point  of  Now  Hoi- 
liiriil  1  oil'  Iho  BontluTli  poiot  of  Niw  llollaiul  !  iit  Itii-  inoiitli  of 
IW  St.  I.uwrciiO!  f  in  till'  inontli  of  llu'  LMiif  of  Mt'xico  >  What 
inlioiiln  nnilwu>  lirtwiTii  Euro|H',  Alriia,  iinii  Ami'rii-a  !  ll'liirc 
an-  tho  Fnlklanil  islamla  7  the  Jii|iiin  isluncU  !  Spitzhi-ri-'cn  ! 
Nova  Zfinhhi?  St.  Holcna  ^ 

WImI  islhmua  unilen  Afrii'a  with  A.<in  7  M  America  witli  S. 
AmiTica7  Wliiit  Hi'a«  /ire  >e;uinilrJ  hy  Iho  isthmus  of  Suuz  1 
What  8i:a9.  by  th<;  i<(thtnu4  of  Dnrifn  ? 

Wliich  in  the  hiru'eit  rner  in  S.  America?  In  what  hitltuih' 
il  tiio  mouth  ol  tliu  Amazon  7  \\'hicii  iH  the  lar^eBt  i  iver  in  N. 
America  I     In  what  latituiJa  ii  the  month  of  the  Mixiiissippi  7 


I  O 

Which  in  the  laruest  river  in  Kumpe  ?  Into  what  sea  does  the 
VolL-a  empty  7  What  two  CTcal  rivers  in  Africa  ?  Into  what  .sea 
does  the  Nile  empty  7     Into  what  u'lilf  ,loes  llio  Ni:;er  empty  7 

117(11'  liir:.'!'  Iniii  or  t'li//'  hetv.-een  HiuiliKislaii  anil  Farther 
Inilia  !  on  tiie  western  const  of  Africa  .'  on  the  eastern  const 
of  M.'xico  1  on  the  western  coast  of  Greenlanil  .'  ou  the  N.H. 
coast  of  British  America' 

ir/iii7i  /.«  f'artlifsl  north,  N'ewfimnillnnil  or  (Trent  Hritnin  7 
dm-bec  or  London  ?  Boston  or  Paris  !  New  Orleans  or  Lis- 
bon ?  ca|ie  Horn  or  tlie  cape  of  (jikkI  Hope  7 

Is  the  L'renter  part  of  Africa  east  or  west  of  the  meriilinn  of 
London  /  Is  (he  u'reater  part  of  ri,  Anu'riea  east  or  west  of  the 
meridian  of  Washinu'toii  t  What  cities,  capes,  or  islands  are 
on  or  near  the  meridian  of  Boston  7  What  cities  en  or  near 
till)  meridian  of  Constantinople  7 


'  Wlial  cilin  nrnr  the  parallel  of  CO*'  N.  lat  7  of  riO"  N.  lat  t  of 
40'  N.  Int.  !  of  :iO'  N.  lat.  7  of  W  N.  lat.  7  of  Vf  N.  latr 
What  cities  near  the  Iropie  of  Cnncer  ? 

W'liicli  reoi/fi-om  Donieo  are  Sumatra  and  Java?  the  Spice 
islainis?  the  Philippine  isles  7 

1 1  liili  iroii  from  Ihr  Soiolirirli  inliinils  are  the  Society  islands  ? 
L'niifornia  7  the  mouth  of  Columbia  river  !  Behrimis  straits  7 
1       W'ffirh  voif  from  Jerumlrm   is  Morocco?  London?  St.  Pe- 
j  tersburi,'  7  Nankin  !  the  capo  of  Oooil  Hope  7 

Wloit  orromt,  m'oa.  biii^s,  and  .^traits,  anil  near  irhat  islands 

and  cojw.-'f  trotitd  i/on  jutss  in  a  voynu'e  from  New-York  to  Mo 

1  cha  ?  in  a  voyau'e  from  St,  Petershuru'  to  Calcutta  ?  from  No^v■ 

Orleans  to  Canton?   from  Uuebec  to  Constantinople  7    from 

Archangel  to  Botany  Bay? 

II 


N  O  R  T  H 


N 


9 


W 


R«il 


-^ifi' 


\  M  K  R  I  C  A,    G  R  E  E  N  L  A  N  D,    R  U  .->  S  1  A  N    A  M  E  R  I  C  A,    A  N  1)    NEW    B  R  I  T  A  I  N. 

Iioiiits,  from  till'  giiir  ul'  St.  l,iiwri'iii.o  q Inipr 


13 


QUESTIONS  AND  BXEROISES  ON  THE  MAP. 
NOHTIl  .AM1',1(U'.\.— Wlint  is  nn  iinuii/  .-^.  ■■  He  fini- 
tiiin  17,  Whiit  iiii'iii,  'vnKliit-  llic  iiciriluTii  ri'ii-t  ni  Snnh 
Alnorifil?  Wlinl  Di'ian,  llli  .-iisl  tii  riinst  :  ^''liiil  oriMin, 
the  «rslcrn  ci.nst!  Wlnt  tliri'e  ioniilrii'><  oi'c'O  pv  llij  uTciit- 
IT  imrt  of  Nciilli  Anii-iiiii  ?  11.  An..  1.'.  S..  iiii  Mn.  Wlwit 
louiitiv  lirld'iL-inu'  la  Diiiinarli  in  lliu  .N'.K.  !  'iil.  What 
riiiiiify  in  Mii!  .N.W.  I  R.  An.  Wlint  niunlry  ■"<  iln"  !^'K-  "f 
Mexico?     (Ju 

What  is  a  liny  nr  l-uII"  f     ."i'"  I)i-fiiiiticin  22     Whnt  Inrj,-!!  hay- 
"xliuiil!!  I'ar  iiilii  Ihp  iiiturior  (it  lirilisli  Am  rira  !     VVliiil  unit'  , 
on  thi-  wr.siiM'ri  const  of  Mcxiio  f     \Vh' t  liny  liutwoon  .N'uw  : 
Driiiiswick  mill  .Nova  Scoti;i  /     Whnt  bay  washes  the  WL'stum 
coast  of  Grcciiluml  ! 

What  is  nil  islaiul  ?  .<i'o  Dclinitinn  9.  Wlinr  lari.-i>  islnml 
oil' the  iMistconstof  lirociilnnii.'  WhatlnrL-o  islaliil  on  the  cast 
side  of  ihu  u'liir  of  St.  Lawrence^  What  hirui  i.  laiiil  ill  the 
inmilhoflhe  L'lilf  of  Mexico  !  Which  f  lur  in'c  Ihe  hil«cst  of  the 
West  liiilin  islaiiils  /  Wliiit  sea  hetweeu  tin-  West  In.hes  anil 
Giiatillinin  f  What  l.av  in  l!ie  wcsl  part  o'' ihe  fanhh  nn  sen  ' 
Whntisniieninsilla  .'  See  Delinition  7.  Whtil  pi  luiisi.hi  he- 
tweeu the  havofCuni|ie!iCliviuiillhehavof  linnililins.'  hot  ween 
the  LMilfof  Mex,.-o  nml  the  Atlniilic/  hetween  the  Lriilf  of  (.'^ill 
foi-iiin  nn.l  the  I'iicilic  '  in  the  S.W.  part  ol  liussian  Aineriea  ? 
Wlint  is  nn  isllinms  /  S.^  Delinition  ID.  Wliat  istliinus 
coiilleets  Kiirth  niiil  S'liilh  Anicricn  ?  What  hodiea  of  wiitcr 
are  (liviileil  hv  the  isthnnis  of  Diirn'ii  / 

Whnt  is  n  strait  /  Si'c  Delinilinn  ->."i.  Wliiil  ^Irail  coiinn-U 
the  .\rclie  with  the  I'aciiicoeeae  '  Hnlliii's  hay  with  the  Atinn- 
tie(  Hinlsonshny  Willi  the. Mlaiilic)  Wlmtslnnt  hr'inrii  .\ew- 
fuuuiUnnil  ami  l.nlirador  .'  -N'ovnSco'.ia  niul  C.ilie  Hrctoii  ishinil ' 
Whnt  is  n  cape. I  See  Delinition  11.  H  Vol/ n;/;.' nl  ihe  soiilh- 
em  exlreinitv  of  Urecnlami .'  at  the  soullierii  oxlreniily  of  .Novn 
Scolin  '  nt  tli'e  western  extreinily  of  Culm  .'  at  the  soulhera  ex- 
Ircniily  of  fnlilonhn  !     What  cape  on  Hehriin-''s  strait  I 

Whnt  is  n  river!  See  Delinition -.'7.  Whirli  lallu- limsrsl  rir- 
erlktil  •iilfrs  ihe  Arctic  ocean  !  tiiateiiters  llinlson's  hay  *  Nn.: 
tho  L'ulf  of  St.  Lnwreni-e  !  S.  Le. :  the  LOilf  of  Mexico  (  Mi. :  the 
Pneilij  (K:enirl  L'n.  Which  is  the  LTent  enstern  liranch  of  the 
Mississippi '-iver  !  Whii'h,  the  i:re;  western  hrniich  I  Oflho! 
Krent  rivers  just  nanieil,  which  three  drain  a  InrL-e  part  of  lirilisli 
Ainerien  !  'Which  one  dri-Mis  the  u'venter  part  of  ihe  l.  .Stales  / 
Whnt  is  a  luouiitnin  1  See  Delinition  '.J.  What  ran^'e  or 
"hainof  iiiiMinlainsconiniences  on  lhi>  shore  of  the  Arctic  ocean 
iiear  tho  miullicf  Mneke'izi.'s  river.  I'.ml  runs  nenrlv  pnrnllul 
ivith  Ihe  western  co.isl.  throiiLdi  lirilisli  ..\nierica.  ihe  Li.  Slates, 
Mexico,  and  liuatinialn,  into  S.  .\niericn  >.  Wlial  iiniiie  is  L-iven 
lo  the  chain  in  .Mexico  !  What  chain  of  mounlaius  in  the  east- 
ern pari  of  Iil  '  1  .Siiiles.nearlv  parallel  with  the  .\llnnlie  const  ( 
What  l\Mi  liiudi  siiiu-le  inounliliiis  near  the  coasl  of  the  I'ncitic 
on  the  horderol  knssian  Anurica  ?  How  hiL:lii»  Mt.St.Klias  I 
What  is  n  lake  !  See  Dcliiiilion  21.  Wluil  four  lar--e  lal.es 
onthehorder  of  the  r.  Slates  and  Tpjier  Caiinda  (  Whi.  Inr-e 
lake  whollv  in  ihe  I'.  Stnles,  coiniecle.l  wilh  lake  Huron  !  < 
Whnt  river  is  ilie  oullel  of  these  hve  lakes  (  Which  nri'  the  | 
three  largest  lakes  in  lirilisli  America  !  What  river  is  the  out- j 
lei  ■  f  hike  Winipei,'  ?  What  river,  tho  outlet  of  Uruut  slave 
anil  (ireat  Hear  lakes  ?  _  ( 

Whnt  straits.  L'rent  river,  niid  islands  of  X.  .Viivriea  are  cross- 
ed hv  ihe  .\relic  circle  !     Whit  penin.snla,  counln-,  tiiilfs,  and 

slrai':..'  arc  ciiissed  hv  the  tiopii-  of  ( 'nne.r  I    What mlries  of 

N.  Anienca  lie  wholly  in  Ihe  'feniperate  i:nne  (  Whnt  eouii- 
trics,  partiv  in  the  Pri-'id  zone  !  Whnt  co.iMtries,  wholly  or 
partly  in  tlio  Toi,  id  zone  I  Is  Icelnnd  in  the  Krijid  or  Telll- 
perite  zone  I     Is  Culia  in  the  Tonid  or  Tenipernle  zone  ! 

Whiil  is  the  sfifiii'  ciiiirf  or  direction  of  the  wesleni  const 
of  .N.  Aniericn  ?  of  the  enstern  eonsl,  helween  Novn.Scolia  mid 
Floridn  (  of  the  lloekv  niounlauis  !  of  the  -Allei;liniiy  nioniitniiis  ' 
of  Mackenzie's  river'.'  of  the  SI. 'Lawrence  ,'  ol  the  Mississippi  I 
ll'/iicli  /'■,;//_/',-„i,i/i,/tcA'/-(c  is  lake  Huron!  lakeSnperior  !  lake 
Wihipei;  f  Orcnl  Slave  lake  !  lirent  Henv  hike  I  lake  ttntnrio? 
ir//(c/(  mm  f'riin  Mfjirii  is  -New  Drloniis!  Wnshinulon! 
New  York  ! 'Boston  ?  Ilnlifax  !  Newf.iundlnluri  Which  wny 
from  .New  (Jrlc.ma  is  S'..  Louis  ?  Which  way  I'nini  WashiiiK- 
tun  is  Kingston  in  Lpper  t'nnndn  ?  Which  way  from  New 
York  is  .Montreal  !      W  liich  way  fnini  Ilostou  is  Uueliec  ! 

/■(  /,*  //  liil'luilr  is  the  niout!:'of  the  Mississippi  !  the  mouth 
of  the  St.  La  .iviiee  >  the  ii'.oiith  of  .Mackenzie's  river?  cape 
Farewed  !  the  luirlherii  part  of  .NuwIoundlanJ  (  I'hiladelplna  ! 
New  Dricaiis  !  Mexico  / 

In  what  part  of  lirilisli  .\nicrica.  and  nlonL'  whnt  river  and 
iruh',  me  the  provinces  of  I  |iper  I'miadn,  Lower  I'anada,  S'ova 

Ibcolia,  niid  Newloundlaud  !      WhnI   le  is  L-iven  to  the  rest 

of  lll-ilish  .Vinerica  !      In  what  | t  of  .\cv.  lliiliiin  is  Lalirador  ! 

In  what  part  of  Unssian  .Vnierica  is  rrilice  Wilhnln's  sound  / 
In  what  part  of  ilie  U.  Stales,  Florida  I 


Aineiii-a,  at  vniioiis 
1 1  <he  islliinns  iif  I): 

7.  The  .-eiileinr'iil.s  have  been  ;;nnlnnlly  e.xtcmliii!;,  eilliiM- 
by  purchase  of  laliilM  frinii  the  lliclinlis.  or  liy  coinillest,  till 
now  the  whiles  own  tiiori.'  than  liiilf  ol  all  llie  Iniiil  tlmt  is 
lit  for  rnllivalioli. 

II.  Norili  Aiiiericu  is  diviilcil  iiilo,  1.  Unssian  .Viiiorica  ; 
2.  finrnhiiiil,  lie|onf;iiif;  lo  Di'iiiiiaiU ;  :i.  lirilisli  Anien- 
ca; I.  tliu  United  States  of  .\iiieriea  ;  o.  .Mexico;  U.  Oiiati- 
inala. 

Qiirstinns. — \.  For  what  is  N.  Vnierica  nnted  !  2.  Ily  whnt 
other  nnine  is  ..\ini-ricn  culled  I  :h  When  was  Aniericn  discov- 
ered  !  hy  whom  !  iinih  ,'  '.vliose  pntnilinL,e  !  •(.  Whnt  name  did 
(.'olumhua  L'ive  lo  the  nalives  /  ."'.  What  was  the  condition  of 
the  Indians  when  tirsl  discoveri;d  !  li.  What  nations  liirnied 
tile  chief  selllenionts  in  .N.  .-Xnieriea  ?  7.  How  far  do  the  set- 
tlements now  extend  /     8.  How  is  N.  America  divided  ! 


.,1s 


RUSSIAN  AMERICA. 

1.  Thisis;ulre.'U'ycciniiti-y,iiiliiil)it('illiyal'cw 
S!iv;i,!j;es,  wlio  subsist  by  lisliin;,'  aiul  liiiiilinir. 

2.  'i'lie  Unssiitn  seillenienls  are  leu  in  iiiiiiilier,  widely 
se|inrali'il,  end  coiiluin  In  all  only  a  few  ihonsaiid  souls. 

3.  Till'  L'real  ohjeci  of  llir  Unssian  setllers  is  to  collect 
furs  from  the  Indians  liir  ihe  Cliiiiese  mnrkei. 

■1.  The  Indians  of  I'rince  Williain's  sound  are  a  peculiar 
ruci',  sipnire.  sloni,  willi  lar;.'e  heads,  and  lirond.  Hat  faces. 
Tlicv  are  clollietl  in  the  skins  of  animal:,  with  llii'  hair  olll- 
wari'i.  mid  have  their  noses  and  iipjier  lips  perliiriiled,  and 
iiiicoutli  uiiiaiin'iil.s  stuck  into  iliein. 


id  these,  H  illl  seals  aial  wild  liirds,  c  ilii.n- 
.._    the  weallli  of  llii'  (ireenlanili  r. 

.I.  The  .seal  Is  especiallv  valued,  his  llesli  lieillf;  Used  for 
food  ;  his  oil,  for  li-ht  and  I'md  ;  lis  -kin,  for  clolhes,  lent, 
and  liiiat;  and  llle  libers  of  his  smews,  lor  thread, 

(I,  TheCbeenlandersnie  of  adua'li>h  ,-i/e.  good  iiatured, 
but  dull,  indolent,  and  extremely  lillhy. 

r.  They  live  in  lints  made  of'stone  or  liirf,  wanned  aud 
liL'hled  by  bnrliiiiL,'  moss  dipped  in  lisb  oil. 

I!.  The'y  wcM'  foniierly  I'nL'ans.  but  havi'  boronie  Ctirist- 
ians  under  the  instnielioiis  i  f  the  Moniviiiii  iiiiss-on.iriea. 

II.  The  missionary  seillenienls  are  at  New  Herrnliut, 
Licliteiilels,  and  I.ichtenan. 

Qurx/innft. — L  For  whnt  is  Greenlnnd  noted  '  2.  ^^'hat  is  the 
ott'ect  of  this  intense  cold  !  :i.  What  plains  llenrish  in  Green- 
lnnd !  4.  What  nnimnls  !  .1.  What  n.se  do  the  Urccninnders 
tnnke  of  the  senl  I  li.  What  is  the  nppenrnnce  niiil  charncter 
of  the  (ireenlnnders  !  7,  How  do  they  live  !  H.  Whnt  is  their 
relio'ion  7     U.  Where  are  the  missionary  seillenienls  I 

NEW  BRITAIN. 

1.  New  Britain,  like  Greenland  and  Russian 
Americans  a  rold, barren  country,lliinlyinhab- 
ited  by  Esquimaux  (es-ke-mo)  and  other  sav- 
ages.    It  belongs  to  Great  Britain. 


M.in  iftd  i\uman  oj  I'nm-r  H itham h  ^^unmi  o_  Tin,  ^^^\\  \^  ^o  rocky  aii.l  tliiii  tliiit  oiily  moss.  ?«hrub(i 

:>.  Tlio  iit'oplr  i)f  tlic  Aleiiliati  (A-lii-Miaii)  or  fox  isluiuls. '  ,^,,,1  „  \\,yf  ^x'mXvA  troes  ran  L-row  uimmi  it. 
viiich  cxlrml  west  iVoin  llu'  inMiitisiilii  of  Ala.-k.-i.  livi-  uiulcr       3.  Xnnicroiis  lakes  ami  pomls  ot  tVrsli  water  are  aliuost 
;roiiT!l  in  lMr::t'  wanu  Iioum's,  one  of  whicli  often  rohlaiiw '  pvcnwlicro  scattiTcd  ovrr  llu'  surface. 


iVimi  100  to  l.'iO  MHi 


*,   (leer, 
fur. 


4.  lU-ai:*,  ln-avi 
vfiliiai)lo  for  their 
alHiuiul ;  and  Iinritini,' 
tlieni  is  llle  diief  eiii 
'  ployineut  of  the  iiiiiai)i 
til  Ills. 

U.  On  tiie  principal 
takes,  arul  a1  llie  iiiouth> 
and  forks  of  tiie  larize 
rivers,  are  Irading-lmu- 
ses  and  fori**.  i's?al»lisli- 
ed  hy  ihe  Uritish  Hud- 
son's I^av  Company. 
I  li.  The  chief  ira'dini:- 
^ubirrniHean  Mohmioh  u/  Aleutmn  lalamJint.  '  stalion.-^  are  on  the  \ve>t 

().  New  Archangel,  a  villapo  of  a  tlioiiBaiid  Hont.s  on  an  coast  <if  Iludsons  hay, 
i^tan^t  several  hntidred  miles  S.i;.  of  rrince  Wilham'rt  sound,  at  I'ort.s  ('huri  hill.  York 
is  the  capital  of  Itu.^sian  America.  |      7.  'I'he  tride  at  these 

lilankets.  *:ims.  powd 


racoon:*,   ami    other  animnts, 


-^.    ^'-'-Tr; 


All  i.'^'iiiimHux  uttirUtiig  a  intd  ItoU. 
and  .Mitany. 

forts  consists  in  tho  exchanL'e  of 

heads,  aiut   trinkets,  for  turs,  iu 

.search  of  whicli  ai:enls  are  sent  in  e^ei-y  direction,  to  the 

Arctic  ocean  on  the  nortli,  and  the  Pacific  ^^\\  the  west. 


Qtio<ttioi}.'!. — 1.  Whnt  is  the  character  c<f  the  coaiitn.- nad  pco 
pie  of  Hussiu?!  Auierii-a  ?     2.  W'iui/  /.>  'itnl  of  liie  settlenients 

of  the  Uussiaiis  .'  :i.  nf  tlieir  i)h,iect  in  vlsitin^'  this  coast  ?  •!.  of  ■  r     n   .1  ■  ■     ■   1    1  ■.    1   1      .u 

the  natives  at  I'riace  Williams  Bomid  ?  :>.  of  (he  Aleutian  i.-»l- 1      8-  The  sea<-oast  of  all  this  n-LMon  is  mlinbited  by  the 
antlers  ?  0.  of  .New  Anlianuei  /  |  Kscpiinianx  (es'.k»»-mo),  wiio.  m  appearance,  character,  and 

I  haliits,  resenihle  the  Greonlanders. 

GREENLAND. 

1.  CIrcciilaiiil  is  mie  'if  tlie  ooldest  countries 
ill  the  world. 


NORTH  AMERICA. 


hiri'est 


'i.  Xortii  Atiicrica  is  imleil  tor  tiie 
hikes  ot' tVesh  water  in  the  world. 

•;.  The  whole  ronlinent  of  Anieriia.  alter  iLs  discovery 
liv  I'.nropi'ans,  was  called  "  llle  New  World.'' 

':).  The  diseoverx  was  made  in  1  1!)J  liy  Chrislopher  Co- 
luinlins.  a  naii%e  oi  (lenoa.ai  lie'  head  of  a  small  si|nadi-on, 
lilted  onl  at  llle  ex|ielise  of  I'l'idinand  and  l.saliella,  sover- 
uit'llB  of  Castile  and  AriiL'on  in  Spain. 

'I.  The  people  who  inlialiiled  .Vnierica  at  the  time  of  its 
diseoverv  wee  called  Indians,  heeailse  Colniiililis  supposed 
thai  the'ennnnv  he  had  di-'  nered  w.is  India 

'i.    .\ll    the   I'lidians   foi;        in   North   .\ineriea  north  of 
Me\ieu    iived    a   sa\a;je    iic.  olitaininu'    their   snlisislenee^  ucee.ss  lo  llie  easterii  i 
chiellv  liy  lishiiiL'  and  liniilinu'.  I      H.  There  are  no  tree 


tiiit-iinl'nl:  r  I,,  /,,,..  /;(!„,(..■,  or  lUiit,  i,i,u'iw  ,^'W.^. 

The  inlerior  is  wlndly  iiiacce.^silile  on  aecoiinl  of  the 
whicli  also,  somelimi's  for  vears  to^ellier,  enls  olV  all 


isl. 

<  ImiI  Iho 


li.  Soon  after  llie  disi 


h'rencli  liirmid  settlemeiils along  'iie 


■ry.  the  Spaniards.  r,iij.'lisli,  nnd  '  no  v 
astern  coast  of  North  , 


•  of  a  stinted  trrowtli,  and 


•lalde  liaid  can  la-  mi.seil  for  llie  siip|iort  of  man 


lionuries, 

Britnin  noted  7  To  whom 
il  !  :t.  What  is  remarkable 
What  is  the  chief  occupa- 
oof  the  inliahilants  !  T^.  \\  liat  esttllihshnienls  ol  while  men 
this  drearv  country  !  1!.  Wlu're  nre  the  chief  Uritish  seltle- 
ils  !     7.  \Vliat  is  the  Irnde  carried  on  at  these  forts  f     8. 


Qufsfiiiita. — t 
lines  it  lielonn  ! 
In  the  siol'iice  ' 


For  whnt  is  Xc 
'J.  What  is  the 
4.  Wluir  aninial.' 


•  >    ^.     III,"!.       i.....»    ^...i     ...       .........     ....      ....  'II llllin.^     :  •-      ••    11,11      l.~      IIII       ll.i.i"        .......    ..      ....      ..-      .... 

i.   Dogs,   white   hvavn,  and  reindeer  are   tlip  principal    Who  live  on  the  sea  roast  '     ''   What  is  their  re 


luion 


liUESTIONS  AND  EXERCISES  ON  THE  MAP. 
I  I'l'lCii  CANADA.— What  u'lviit  lakes  on  tlie  Ikii-iIom  dI'  Up- 


wu-k.  Nuvn  Sr(iiia,aiut  Nowtbmuilaml,  iiml  Hit-  va.''t  cuuntr}-    the  St.  T.awnMict',  i.s  llie  royal  iiaval  .italifin  fuj  tlie  lake, 


iii  New  Bi'ilaiii. 


ami  was  rccrntly  tln>  capital  (il'lKitli  tlir  <'aiiiuia.s 


pn-  ('iin;i(la  >  What  river  seniirat.'s  it  from  Lower  Cnimda  .' '  •'•  I'"'  .'^'ipri'iiio  aiillinrity  i.s  in  :1h'  kitiir  and  |tarlianiriit  ]  '''aron'fo,  formerly  Yor/;,  on  a  line  liarlior.  near  the  wi'st 
V  liat  two  river.s  ami  two  lakes  separate  it  from  New  York  ?  nf  fireat  Britain  ;  lail  eaell  [iroviiKi'  lia.s  il.s  own  li'j;i.-la;,..t  rial  ol' lake  Knlario,  was  onee  the  e.iiiilal  of  Ipper  Canaila. 
V/hat  lakes  ami  river  separate  it  IVoui  Mu'liit,'aa  on  the  W.  ?     :  anil  ^'overilor.  Prcucotf.  on  ihe  Si.  Lawrenee.  n1  tlie  liiot  ol'  navi'.;alion  lor 

What  river  eoiiiieeis  lake  Erie  with  lake  t)iitario  ?     What       .),  The   principal  religion  is  that  of  the  Clinrcli  of  F,ng-  j  larjio  vessels  from  the  lakes,  anil  lli/laini,  at  tiio  iiorlli  end 
tDwa  at  the  mouth  of  Niai'ara  river?     What  town  on  Nia^-ara   Innil ;  lait  the    I'reneli   inhaliitants  of  Lower  Caiiatltt  are   of  tlie  Uiileaii  eanal,  are  llonrishin;;  towns, 
liver  7  miles  from  its   mouth,  opposite   Levyistown  in  New-    Koman  falholies.  ami  the  peopli- in  the  oiln-r  provii  ves  are 
Vurk?   \V  hat  vMhiL-e  a  httle  larther  ap.  rpposite  .Niai:ani  tails  ?    ^,,_|^,^^.  i.r,.sl,vi,.Hans,  Mellaalisls.  aral  Haplists.  q<,c»/ini,.-.~-[.  liy  whom  has  Upju'r  rann.la  heea  peopled? 

What  plan- (in  ^la^arn  rivi-r.  at  its  ellhi.t  Imm  lake  Kne,  op-  -,  , ,,;,,  ,,,„.,.,,  ,.,,,„u,^  ,.i, ;,.,].- i„  ih,' ,.velem..e  of  the    2.  What  is  the  ha-e  of  the  eoiinlrv  ?  soil?  pro.luilioiis  (  3.  eli- 

posite  Hullaln  .'  In  what  ilireetion  does  Nia^-ara  river  run  I  '  •■"•  ''^ ,."""'"  "  ',  '  "."'''»  '  '",">  ",'  ''"■  <  ^<  <''"^'  "  'I'f  ,  „,„,,,  ,  j,  what  parts  are  settle  I  1  .",.  ll'w  rapiillv  has  the 
•^  Whieh  is  the  laru-est  river  that  enters  lake  Krie  from  Upper  ""'"■,  Ijeel,  anil  pork  o    Upper  C  anaila.  ami  the  li.rs,  luni-  ,„,-,„ ,,„„,,|„|  ,     ,..  .^^-|,„,  „i,,,„„.,„„„  ,„  ,{„.  n'avi.ntion 


Cniiadii?    Wlisit.-niiaUcmsstiieponiiisulal.ftwoon  hikes  Erie    l»er,  a.^lius,  and  (i>li  nl  ilio  oiIht  iiinviiicrs,  tiir  Ilnli>.li  iniin-   ;,,  ',|„.  <,  J.j.wr.-nr.' ?    7,  U7////  is  sm,l  utt\H'  Hi.h-tm  caiiiil  ?  S. 
mill  OiUnri(t  I     What  rivt-r  fiiHii  Upper  Canniia  enters  hike  St.    ufactmcs  ami  West  India  piodure.  ,,(  die  Wrlhnid  canal  1      Whirr,  and Jor  nitut  noUd,  KinL:stoD? 

^    ,   ,  Tin-fintu  /  rre.si-utl  /  Ihtown  \ 


Chur  ?     What  llriti.sh  L'enenil  was  defeated,  nnd  what  Indian 
wan-ior  killed,  in  the  Battle  ut"  the  Thames  in  1813  \ 

What  laru'e  town  on  the  shore  ol'  lake  Ontario,  at  the  efllnx 


of  thu  St.  Lawrt  nee  ?  Wliat  eaual  connects  lake  Diitai'io  »t  C^- 
Kini'ston  wilh  Ottawa  river/  Wliat  town  on  Ottawa  river  at  i  vsj 
the  end  of  the  Uidemi  canal  \  !      \ 


What  town  on  the  St.  I.awreni'o  opposite  Oirdenshuru'  in  | 
New  Yurk  .'  What  lar^'e  town  on  the  shore  ol  lake  Ontario 
iioar  its  west  extiemity  /  What  town  and  tort  at  the  mouth' 
of  the  .strait  which  couiierts  lake  St.  L'lair  wiili  lake  Erie  ?         ■ 


LOWER  CANADA. 

Pquarc  miles,  liH.OflO.— Popaliitinn.  (KKl.OOO.— Pop.  to  sq.  in..  ;i. 

1 .  Lower  ('Miiiulii.  or  Cnnarla  East,  was  first 
^     settled  liy  the  Frpneli  in  KiOH. 


LOWER  CANADA.— Onwhat  irreatriveriloes  LowerCan-!      „    ,.  ,    ,  ,.        ,       ,• 

a.lalie!    Whieh  wav  does  the  St.  Liiwrenee  run!   Whatstatesl.    "■  I-I>l"'i'  uml   Lower  Canada,   lormerl)    separate  prov- 
oftlie  Ameriean  Uuloii  horder  on  Lower  Canada  !     Wliat  par-    ""-'es,  were  umleil  in  11111. 
nilel  of  latitude  se,iarales  it  iVimi  Vermont  ami  New  York  f  Q,„./,„„.._,.  How  lanre  is  Ilrili-li  Ameriea  ?   (>.  How  diviil- ! 

W  ineh  two  are  Mie  ho-.-est  tr  liulani-s  ol  the  .-  ,  Law  enee    ,„,  f    ,,   w,,,,,  j^  ,|,„  ,„,,„,„„„,„j  ,   ,,   ,.,.|i^,,„„  ,  ,  ,.,„„„„rce  ?  ' 
fnnn  the  sun  h  ;      W    ia    rivr  i?^    lie  mi  let  o    hike  (  lianipi;iiii  f    ,.     .         ,     „  ,  ,-         ,.  , ,  ,       ,     .        .  ,  i 

,,.,    ,    .  .,  .1   .     4-  I   1      \i         1  (     wi    .    ■  t*-  Are  Louer  a. id  I  n per  (  auiii  a  disliin'    prov  iiees  ' 

\\  hat  nv,T,  (he  oiilh'l  ot  htUf  M.]n|ihreinai-'ni.'  >.      W  iiat  river,  '  '  ' 

lioleil  tor  ils  tails,  -Niters  St.  Lawn-nee  just  h.hiW  Cinehee  /        I  -,««^«     »  .  -mr  .  -.^  . 

Winit  two  t.iwns  in  Lower  Canatla  ha\e  n.urc  than  -JO.iiOO  UPPER    CANAD.*.. 

inhahitants  .'       In  what   part  of  Luwi^r  ('ana. hi  is  Muntn  al  ?  ■ 
Huw  is  it  situated  \     Which  way  tVoni  Mmiircal,  on  what  river, 


Hqimr<>  mil.  -s  l.*.n,()Oii.— Popnlatinn,  ,V»(),(MH).~l'iip.  to  sq.  ni.,  4. 


Vint  Miirtfu, 
2.   In  IT.'ifl  it  was  eiini|uered  liy  a  liriti.sh  ami  .New  Lug 


aiidouwhieh  side  of  the  river,  is  Uaeliei- ?     Wliai  town  on  ihe  !       1.  UpperCailMila  llllS  liecll  recoiitl  V  seltleiliiV    '■""'  army  iimlerdeneral  Wolf. 

Ht.  Lawremo  at  the  month  of  the  St    Mauriee  river,  half  way    ,,,,,:,„.,, ,,,^  ,■,.,,,,,   |J,.;,.,i,,   .,,„|    ,1,,,   r,,i"t,.,|  Sfitr.«    '       ■''    ^^"''''  ""'"  '"" '""'ils  ol  llie  popnlalion  are  ol  l-'reliell 

hetween  Montreal  and  Qaehee  I     What  villa,- ,  .Montreal    '  HHS-'"  ■HI'"  ""H"  nU'dlH  -Wl  UK    I    IIIK  (1  rM.lIes.    ,„.|^,i„   ^|„..,|j  n,,,  ,,|.,.,„.|,  i,,„„„„„,..  ,„„i  .„.„,-,.s,^  ih,.  Koman 

island,  0  nnles  ahovo  the  city,  and  eo)im.,teil«ilh  it  hy  a  eanaW;      -•   I'   i--*  "  ' ,  Hmlnlalni^  eoiinlry,  in  the  inaUl  ol  the    ('..iiholie  relii;ior:. 


What  villaLTu  on  the  rii;lit'  b-oik  nf  tlie  St.  Lawni'iee,  a  few  I  ^I'eat  hikes,  ami  h-rlile  in  wheal  anil  iiooil  pasliii-a;.>e.  [      ,|    'I'l,,,  i,,.,,^  ,,|-  i),,,  p,,|,||],|ii,,„  |.<  sellleil  in  the  vallev  of 

miles  ahove  Monlreal.  and  e leeled  liy  railroad  with  St..lolin|      '.i.   The  eliniale  is  mil.lnr  IImiii  ill  Lower  Canaila.  !  ,i„.  ,S|.  Lawrence.  Iielween  Montreal  anil  (Jileliee. 

on  .-^orelle  river  '.     What  town  at  the  jimelion  ol  thu  Sorelle  -      4.  'flii'  selllemenls  are  1  ha-llv   near  the  shores  of  the  j       .-,     )(,,[,, w   (Jiiel n 

river  with  the  St.  Lawrenee'  „        ,,      ,       '  f.'i''''l  l-'l"'-" il  of  llie  river.- Si.  LawreMee  ami  I  Mlawa.      \  .ll' <,    I  ..wrenee    liiere 

\\  hat  IS  the  hue  ol  I  le  eoinitrv  in  Lower  Canada  7     Anx.        .-.    -j-i,,,  ,„,,„,|. ,,;,,,,  i|.,„  ;,,,,,. 1  ,,„„■,.  ii,.,,,  i,,.,r,.l,l  in  il,,,  '  ,.  , 

^,  11..,.,  *  >■  •       f  .1.    I  no  iiopiiianotl  n.is  nii  lea-eii  inoie  iniili  U'lilotit  11  uie  .  „|.,,    (,,...   .„.iilt.inf.iits   ov 

On  eaei  sa  e  o     he  ,Sl.  Lawreaee,  at  dis  auei-s  varvnii;  fioiii    ,     ,   ,,,  ,.  ,'  . '     ,   ,  •    ^,.||  ,,,  „       ■ ■  |.,.  !  ""     "  "    "'  ""  ""  '.'       ■  ■<■ 

,.,.,,,.,                            .                                          ■      I  asl     I)  vears.  at  I      s  silll  II  (leas      :  rapii    y,  ;  ,.,.i»t -m-i     li-li  ii.r  \      1..-,. 

1.1  to  .jO  in  les,  t  here  are  niiMiiilaiii  raiiL'es,  iiniiiiiii.'  I rlvpar-  ,     ,.-         11,,         ■      ,      m  1   ,1       «.    t  •      "-t  l*i '•'"'"^  "■^'"""  ^ '"''-e 


nllel  with  the  livt  r.  hut  ap[u-oaehiiiL.'  Just  heliiw  tiuehee,  and 


Ii.   Iriiin  lake  Ontario  lo  .Monirea!  llie  St.  Lawrence 


*|      C.  The  Freneli  Caiiaili- 


almost  eiielosiiii:  a  valley  "of  '-'".imii  siiuiire  miles,  whieh  cull-  '""I."'". 1'.^'  ■'  pia'ee.ssion  of  rocks  and  ra|iiil»,  wliluli  remlerl,,,,,  „,.,.  „  coiilenleil,  f;ay, 
tains  nearly  the  whole  popuiutiun  ul  Lower  Cuiiaiia.  naviL-alion  very  (lan;^'ei-otis.  i  linrmless  people,  easy  ami 

j  r.  The  liiileail  (re-ilii')  canal  iivereomes  these  olislnie-  ^i,,,.,,.,,,,,,  j,,  their 'inan- 
itions liy  opening'  ,-i  iiavi;;aliiiii  for  lioals  liom  KiiiL'slon  on  i,,.,.,^  i,,,]  vi-rv  i"iioranl 
;laki'lhiiiirio  to  lU-iown  on  (iiiuwa  i-ivei-,  which  is  naviijaLle  (;.«  !,f  ileii-  l».i!.r'"al.|.'  hi 
I  thi'iice  to  .Montreal.     It  eo,t  *."i.(lilll.lil)il.  '  reail  anil  wrile 


BRITISH  AMERICA. 

Sqanre  nille".  U,:|IK),IKKI.— Pii]Hilalioii,  l,7lK),IK|0._Pop.  to  sq,  m.,  L 


1.   British   America  e 


I).  Till'  Wellaial  i-aiial 


pens  a  wav  lor 


nearly  as 


larcre  as  the  whole  of  Eur 


mliraces   a  territory  EHe  m  lake  (hitario.    it  cost  .fj.oiiii.iiiio. 


sill 


fn 


I  lake 


Till 


i-lhef 


one. 


j      Kisosrii.N,  at  the  east  enil  of  lake  Onlario,  011  a  deep,    their  cariole 


2.   If  !■■.  iliviiieil  into  the  provinces  of  Canada,  New  Briitl!-   \vell-.-liellereil,  and  well-forlilied  harlior,  at  tlio  elllux  of   over  tl: 
14 


iiient  111  winter  is  tlnviinr 
slei;:ln 


■*^  ^.ti^iil^^^WP^  , 


1^ 


8.  The  snow  lies  hero  iisiially  six  niontlis  in  the  year, 

but  vejictatidi)  in  very  nipid  in  llie  HimmnT. 

i).  Tlie  iiir-lriuli'  with  lln-  Indians  scattrred  over  tin'  vasr 
re^^ions  ni*  Nt'W  Hrilain  ha.s  InnL'  lieea  cdiulucteil  l>y  u  cmn- 
pany  ot'nieiThaiitrt  reHidinr^  in  .Mnnlreal. 

'  0.  The  eoMipany  ennvluys  nnn-e  than  llOOO  aj;eiits.  chirlly 
toujjh  iScutch  Hii:hlanderrt,  ulm  nnilrr^-n  many  hai-dships 
in  traversing'  the  dmiiT  and  frozen  wilderness. 

11.  The  ("alls  of  tln'Monlnun-ency.  near  its  mouth,  a  lit- 
tle helow  (inrhee,  are  crichrati'd  for  their  Iioanty. 

Qni-hec',  on  the  north  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  hiiiU 
partly  on  tl^e  lop  of  a  sti-ep  rork  called  cape  Diamond.  :J.')(I 
feet  \n\i\\,  and  partly  on  the  Iiaiik  of  the  river  helow,  wns 
for  a  hmj;  time  the  capital  of  Canaila.  It  \a  a  widh'd  city, 
and  so  stroni;  that  it  is  cmIUmI  tin-  (iihraltar  of  America. 


Citij  of  Quebec. 

Montreal',  on  the  island  of  the  same  name,  in  the  river 
St.  Lawrence,  at  the  head  of  whip  naviijation,  and  just  he- 
low  the  mouth  of  the  Ottawa,  is  the  largest  and  must  com- 
mercial city  of  British  America. 

La  pr  a  if  if,  on  tlie  sontli  sidu  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  a  few 
miles  ahove  Montreal,  and  comn?cted  liy  railroad  with  Sf. 
John  on  the  Sondle.  is  the  fjreiit  thcn-(Hii;hfare  of  the  trade 
between  Mmitreal  and  the  United  States. 

Qiirstioiii. — 1.  Ry  whom,  and  when,  was  Lowt^  Canada  sot- 
tied  !  li.  Uy  whom,  luid  wh«'n,  wns  it  coiiqinTLMi  /  3.  Wluit 
jmrt  of  tilt!  population  is  df  I'i'imkIi  diiu'in  .'  1.  A.  '>.  Whori?  is 
the  po[iulution  si'ltlfd  f  U.  clnimctor  of  tlu:  Krunch  Canndiuns  ? 
7.  what  nmusonuMit  f  H.  eliiniile  .'  i>.  Wiutf  is  mml  of  the  lur- 
tradi;  t  10.  of  the  ui;ents  of  the  company  .'  11.  of  the  falls  of 
MoMtiMorenry  f  W'/irtr,  mulj'or  ivhat  tiolcil,  (iuehec  i  Montreal  f 
Liiprairii!  .'  f^i.  John  .' 

QUESTIONS  AND  EXERCISES  ON  THE  MAP. 

NKW  HIUNSWK'K:.— Wliat  provinre  on  the  \.  ?  Whnt 
water  on  the  K.  f  What  province  on  the  fj.l'l.  I  W'liat  water 
separates  it  from  Nova  Seutia  .'  Whiit  lies  on  the  \V.  f  What 
river  forms  part  of  the  hounihiry  on  the  side  of  Maine  i  What 
strait  divides  itfi*oin  Priaee  Kilward's  island  .' 

Which  is  the  lariicst  river  hi  Xt!W  Urunswiek?  In  what  di- 
rection lioes  the  St.  John  nni  al"ter  enterinu'  Xew  llrunswirk  ? 
Where  does  it  empty  f  What  is  the  i-»pital  ot'  Xew  Ilruns- 
wii'k  .'  Da  whsit  river  is  Kreilericton  {  What  iarL'e  town  at 
the  mouth  of  .St.  Jolni  river.'  What  is  its  popalatlun  ?  In 
what  pari  of  New  Brunswick  is  St.  Andrews  .' 

NOVA  SCOTLV.— What  is  Nova  Scotia.'  See  DeOnition 
9.  With  what  province  is  it  connected  by  its  isthmus  .'  What 
bodies  of  water  on  o|»posite  sidi's  ot  the;  isthmus  '.'  W'/mf  .srp- 
anifcs  it  from  I'rince  lOdwurd's  isiarni  oa  the  nurlli  ?  from  Ciipe 
Breton  island  <ai  the  N.K.  .'  from  New  Hrunswiik  on  the  X.W.  ! 
What  cape  at  tlie  southern  extremity  /  What  Uidy  of  \s-uier 
washes  the  fount  from  eiiite  Sable  to  the  ,i;iit  ot  ('anso  ! 

What  is  the  ca|iital  of  Nova  S-.'otia?'  Where  is  Ilalifnx  ? 
What  is  its  popiihitioii  f  On  what  i-oast  is  I'nfoii,  tamous  tor 
its  coal  mint's  f  In  what  )iart.  Winiioutli.  an  active  trudiuL.' 
town,  settled  fmm  New  Kni:iaiid  \  Which  way  fi-i»m  Halifux, 
and  on  wiiat  bay.  is  W'mdsor,  the  seat  of  Kiniz's  coIloL-e  f  Ou 
what  island  is  Siilnt'//,  famous  for  coul  mines  ?  Which  wa^- 
from  Halifax  is  Suhle  island,  famous  tor  shipwrecks  / 

NEWFOUNDLAND.  —What  separates  Newfonndland 
from  Labrailor  f  What  water  on  the  ea.'^t  mid  south  f  What 
water  on  the  W.  /  What  is  tlie  capital  of  the  island  f  On 
which  cidi' of  the  i.slaiid  Is  St.  .lohns  /  Wliiit  is  its  popula- 
tion /     Which  way  Irnm  Newloundland  is  the  Or;ind  Bank  / 

NEW  BRUNSWICK. 

Hqanre  milen.  'JT.TlH).— I'upulutiun,  liiaiXH).— I'op.  to  t=q.  m.,  C. 

1.  New  Brunswick  is  noted  fur  its  lunihor. 


-y^fti*^.^"^^ 


them  nn  the  snow  to  tin;  nver-hiuiks,  lorni  lliem  int(»  rafts, 
and  iloat  them  diiwii  when  tiie  ice  melts  hi  the  sprinir. 

■1.  The  pojmlation,  deriviof.'  their  support  fnnn  the  lum- 
her-trade  and   lisliery,  is  settled  chielly  in  towns   at  the 

,  mouths  of  the  rivers,  aial  on  the  shore  oi'  the  hay  of  I'imdv. 

;      S.  St.  .lolm  river  is  navigable  to  the  lUlls,  ^00  miles  tioni 
its  month. 

I      KitKDEr.icTON,  the  capital,  is  at  the  head  of  shaip  navi- 
•,'atiini  on  St.  John  river,  fj.j  miles  fnnn  its  moulh. 

j      ^.7.  John  fift/,  the  lar^'est  town,  is  on  u  line  harhor  at  the 
mouth  of  St.  .John  river. 

Qucatiotis.—  l.  For  what  is  Xew  Urunswick  noted  .'  'J.  What 
is  the  face  ot'  the  country  !  W.  How  is  the  lund)er  business  con- 
ducted .'  4.  Where!  IS  the  population  settled  I  J.  How  tar  is 
St.  John  river  niiviuuble  ( 

Where,  and/or  uhal  nolcil,  Fredericton  ?  St.  John  city  ? 

NOVA  SCOTIA. 

Pquare  mile?,  17,000.— ropuhitiuii,  ;iiK),tKK).— Pop.  to  eq.  m.,  18. 

1.  A'uva  Scotia  is  noted  tor  its  coul,  and 
gypsmn,  or  iihister  oi' Paris. 


island.  w;is  a  stroni:  niilitiny  pnst  \\  lirn  the  I'rench  owned 

'  the  ishmd  a  hundred  years  n^'o. 

I  (^iir.ttiunfi. — 1,  For  wlinl  is  Xova  Scotia  noted  ?  0.  What  is 
.•{(■//■(/ of  the  sarfacL' ?  :i.  of  the  elimate  ?  -l.  harbors?  .'i.  occupa- 
tions of  the  people.'  t).  of  the  tides  in  the  bay  of  Fnndy  .'  7.  of 
tlie  population  !  H.  of  Cape  llntoii  island  ?  !»."  of  Sable  island  ? 

j       ]\'hciv,  and  for  irhat  in'ird.  Ihililax  '.    I'irtou  ^  f:ridney  ]  Ac. 

NEWFOUNDLAND. 

Sqiinrc  mili'ri,  JD.OINI.— l'ii]Milntii>n,  '.lO.ddH.—l'op.  tu  6q,  ni.,  3, 

1.  Newloiindlaiul  is  noted  lor  tlie  most  pro- 
ductive cod-fisiiery  in  the  world. 


Lual  Mine, 

2.  The  surface  is  ;.'eiiri;dly  nndubitiiu'.  Tlie  L'n-atcr 
part  of  the  xiil  is  L'ood,  ami  in  the  interi'U-  verv  I'l  rtih', 

;i.  The  climate  is  fiiv.ualili'  to  heallli,  idllinii;^li  tin.'  ilense 
fo;;s  in  the  .s|irinj,'  of  the  year  are  nnjileasaut. 

■L  There  are  many  hnu  harbors,  especially  on  the  At 
lanlie  const. 

,").  The  inhabitants  are  extei^ively  eniiaged  in  the  coal 
aiK^  plaster  trade,  tishinu'.  and  navi<.Mtion. 

(!.  The  Lay  of  Fnndy  is  noted  hn-  its  tides,  which  rise 
.'»0,  (It),  and  even  70  feet,  and  so  nipidiv  that  i'\eii  cattle 
(eediinr  mi  the  slnu-e  are  often  ovei  luken  niid  clrow  nrd. 

7.  .\bniit  one  fourlh  of  the  population  Is  of  Scoteli  mi- in, 
am'  the  rest  are  diiellv  innnifjiaiils,  or  dcM fiidaiits  »d'  ini- 
miurunts.  bom  I'.iiL'land.  New  Kiijlami,  and  Ireland. 

it.  Cape  Ilri'loii  (hre-tooii')  i>laiid  is  iiearlv  halved  by  a 
deep  -ulf.  Cidleil  Itras  D'Or.  \alu:ilde  foi   ii.s  lidieiio-^. 

It.  Salile  i>laiiil.  I\  iiii:  .-onih  of  (ape  Bteinn  island,  in  the 
tnuk  (d  \e>>eU  sailiiii:  between  Lnrope  and  the  Inited 
States,  is  famous  for  shipun-cks. 

Halifax,  the  capital,  in  the  center  ni'  the  peninsula,  has 
ime  of  the  liii''>l  haili'its  in  lb.-  wnrld,  ami  is  ilie  ehief 
naval  .  tation  of  <it<-at  Itritain  i 


■111    \ii 


Coujis/iinj. 

5.  The  island  itself  is  ruiiu'eil  and  uninviting,  pioduchij^ 
little  besides  stniiteil  irei-s  and  >hnilis. 

3.   More  than  IIOOI)  vessels  and   lil.OOn  lishemien,  Ameri-. 
cans,  I  Jmlish,  and  French,  are  emjilityed  in  the  li-hety. 
1      4.  The  li>h  are  cniiL'ht  partlv  near  the  j-bore.  but  i  hieily 
,  in  shadow  place-*  (d  the  sea,  lalled  banks,  <ilf  the  soiithein 
I  and  eastern  <'oa'>1s  of  the  i>lind. 

;').  The  l!riii>li  carry  on  the  tishery  chiefly  in  small  boats 
near  the  slicu'e,  to  which  they  reiiirn  e\ery  ni^'ht.  and  dry 
their  lisli  OH  jtlaltiM-ms  erected  tliere  fir  tin'  purpose. 

(I.  The  Americans  claim  llu'  riu'ht  to  take  ti>h  anywhere 
;  bevond  three  niile>  from  the  shore,  and  iMliy  I  hem  on  any 
,  pai-l  of  the  coa^t  not  occupied  by  ltrili>li  settlers. 
i  7.  The  labor  of  pri-parinu'  the  li>li  for  tlie  market  is 
ireLTiilarly  divided;  the  cnt-lhroat,  rippini^  optui  the  (isli  : 
'  the  beatler.  <  iearinu'  away  the  head  and  entrails  ;  the  split- 
ter, ilividiiiu'  the  fi-h  aial  taUim:  out  the  ba<'klirt,it' ;  and  the 
sailer.  piliiiL'  them  in  heaps,  ami  snrinklim:  each  layer  with 
salt,  in  which  they  lie  for  several  Jays,  and  are  then  spread 
in  the  .-.mi  lo  t\\y. 

!{.  The  ]>opulation  of  Newfoiuidhind  is  rliieily  in  a  few 
towns  on  the  (-hnre,  near  the  S.L,  cxlrrmily  of  the  island, 
in  the  vicinitv  id"  the  fi-herie-*. 

St.  ,L)H.v's.  the  capital  and  chief  town,  is  little  nmre  than 
a  lar^e  llshini.'  station,  the  whole  slaue  Iiimul:  lined  with 
platforms  for  dryini:  li>li.  The  n(nises  are  chiefly  of  wood, 
and  ihe  place  has  snflered  sevendy  fnnn  extensive  llres. 

Q'lr^-'ic-r-. —  1.  Fer  \^■h:tt  is  XewtiMUnihind  nnted  ?  -i.  ^^"llat 
is  the  lace  iil  the  country  (     'A.  How  mnity  vessids  and  men  f" 


S  >iiiri/. 


((tik-Io').  o:i  B  tine  hurbor  upon  the  iiorlhern  shore,    n 


the  tisherv  ?    1.  Where  are  the  li,>ili  eauL'lit  I 


on  ill 


slaiid  of  ( 


lines,     l.ouinhtirfr. 


ipe  Hreton.  are  famous  for  nf  ihe  lisl' 


ritisli  lish  I    (i.  Where,  tl 


m  the  son 


th  Hh< 


lOre  of  Cape'  Mreton   fm 


,  Where  do  the 

.  How  is  the  Inhoi 

divided  !  H.  Whtre  is  the  popuhttion  i)\'  New 


le  A  me 


and  ?     What  is  said  of  Ht.  John's  .' 


[r> 


16  UNIT  El)    STATKr^. 

QUESTIONS  AND  EXERCISES  ON  THE  MAP. 
rNITF.n  .-'TA'l'KH.— Whiit  rountriiM  on  tli.>  N.  iiii.l  NK.  I    Wl.iit  iK-rnn  on 
the  K.  ?    Whiil  wiilvr  bii.I  luuntrivs  o..  tlii'  f .  i    \\li.it  ii.-fan  on  111,'  W  .  | 

Whiit  foui-  iiri'iit  lnk<-«  in  n  i-lniin  on  tiK  CnmuU  bor.l.T  I  \\  hiil  \!md  liiK;' 
In  llw  m>n<i-  .■fiiiin  wliolly  « ilhin  lb.'  K.  Stafs  I  \ylnit  prnMHulii  nt  ll.o  ^.l.. 
e\tr,'milv  of  tlio  rnionl     Wlnit  mmU  f\mraU-  llonil.i  Iron.  (  ulml 

Wlmt  i;i  KtHli'H  lionliT  on  llu'  AUnnlii-  I    Wlml  ;l  ^l;ltrs.  ml  111.'  :;nll  "  /'''^ 
Wlmt  l  EtiiU",  on  Lo« tr  CiniaJn  I     \\  hat  ltrntoni.s,  un  tin'  1  nnne 


I  itn  waters  /  the 


^usqui'hannal 
I  Vir- 


,,t  ol  M 
^CoJi     Whul 


Icoi 

""vhi'it  riv.T  ri»i's  wi.?t  of  lake  Puii.-rior.  and  rnni  scnitli  to  till-  mill  ol  .Mov 
Ico  I  irhich  i»  (/if  (.irvi.1'  iriliutanj  i'l'  llic  .Ul»,i».-(;vii  Horn  llio  "I'lil  I  W  Ulili 
in  tin-  lar;-,'!!!  Iron!  tho  fast  I  ,        .         .,       i      i  r         i':„ 

IC/iol  rii-rr  iriiitriiM  New  JcrKi'y  from  PiMiiKylvaina !    Marylanil  Irom  \  ir- 
(rinial     ;<oulhCaroli.nirroii.(i.'or;;ial    (koruia  from  Ali.baiiia  I    M.wwpin 

fronil.ouiKi r  T.nnf^.'fan.l  Konlnrkylroni  Arkan.a»an.lMn»ouri  t  hin 

tucky  and  Virginia  from  lllinom.  Indian.,  an,l  Ohio  !     lllinoH  and  \\  i«:""»"> 

from MiMouri and  Iowa  1  Illinois lioi diniuw  Iowa  lr.anMi-»onrit.;rrit,.r>  ( 

What  liv,'  stal.'s  anil  lorritory  li,>  on  111,'  wo.l  Ijaiik  <W  tlir  .u.-.j^vv"  ■ 
tlvn  6tuti.»  on  Ih,!  ,'a,-t  l.anki    What  two  .taf^  lio  on  tli.'  .ontli  l.aiik  ,..1  thr 

Ohio  >     What  thiui^  states  on  111.'  north  I k  I     W  hat  two  terriloraa  ho  on 

tho  Missouri  I    What  slat,'  n  dn  iih'd  hy  Ih,'  M'j'unn  ( 

/V<»m  ir/iii(  Males  dots  the  C<niri,*eM,-nt  ne 
the  Ti'nnessr-e  I  the  Ohio  i  the  .Mia.-i»-i|Mii  I 

What  two  Boniiiln  on  the  eoaat  ,d  N.  l.-arohna  1    \\  hat  laiy  tris  <i,,  \M_ 
«inia  and  Maryland  I    What  hay.  lalwe.'li  ll,;laware  and  N.w  .ler...,v  I    U  lal 
Vhroc  cap,'.  01.  the  coa.t  of  N.  Carolina  (    W  hat  eap,  '<  at  tlu'  mouth  ol  D.'la 
ware  bav  I    What  eap.'s  at  the  mouth  of  Ih,'  i;r,'at  hay  ,.n  tin' 
saehuseitij    What  two  Island.*  south  of  the  peninsula  ol  eap, 
island  oil' the  eoBSt  ,jf('oniieetieet  I  ,  ,.  .         ,  .„„,i. 

What  riv.r  s.parates  NVw  Maiiipshire  from  \  entiont.  a.i,l  r.UH  «milh 

throui-h  M„ss„eliusett.H  and  Toi tieut  to  l.oui;    sland  sound  I    W  hat  la,>, 

on  the-  houudarv  lietw.in  V,rnio„t  and  N,'W  ^  orU  I  W  hat  river  rises  west 
of  lake  Chamulmn  and  ruiH  south  lo  New  \ork  liny  ( 

What  six  state.  11,-  east  of  tli,;  lln.l.-on  !  What  tour,  hetween  Hjo  ""'I  ™ 
and  I'otoniae?  What  thr,.',-,  betw,:en  the  Pot.iioae  and  ■■-''>;':',"'",'  ,^\'  ' 
three,  lietweini  the  tiavannah  i>n,l  .Mississil.lM  !  \\  hat  on,'.  h,tw,','i  lak.s  Uu- 
run  and  Miehi.an )  What  stat,'.  hetw,.,.,.  lake  .Mi.'h i.au  aiw  the  ^^'W^ 
What  liv,.  territories,  l,etw,.e,i  lla-  Mississippi  and  the  Paoliel  \\  hut  teMl- 
torv.  west  of  the  states  of  Arkansas  au.l  .Missouri) 

ICAul  lake  separates  Wisconsin  from  MieliiL-an ?     MKln.-an  from  Canada? 

Ohio  and  I'ennsvlvimia  Ir.im  C ala!     New  \ork  In.m  Canada  f 

What  mountains  separate  Missouri  ti'rritory  Irom  (  r.'L;,.i,  •  \\  hat  mount- 
ains run  nearly  paralh-l  with  tli,'  Alhmtii'  const  li-om  .Mahaina   o  N'"  >  '^k  ' 

What  sri'at  rivi'r  ,lrains  the  valley  hetwi'en  tli.-  All,':;liaiiy 1  limkv  mount. 

HinsJ  Which  three  are  its  larj.'st  trib.naries  Irom  tli,'  west  (  W  Inch  i»  tiiu 
larL'est  river  west  of  the  K.ocky  momilains  t  ,        .  ,         ,  . 

Describe  the  face  of  the  country  in  tin'  I'.  Plates  An,.  A  ,n v  pla. ...  cm.- 
mencini!  o.i  the  e,«ter..  and  southern  coasts.  ,'s;,'r.,  s  Iro...  Iilty  to  a  Im n,  re 
miles  inland.  h.'Vond  which  the  country  la'coini's  h.lly.  and  ura,  u.illy  rises  into 
the  Alle:.ha.iy  niou.itains.  H.-twicn  tlu'  All.'Jiany  and  I  i,'  liocky  "i"'"  "  ''* 
the  mat  valley  of  the  Miss.,  almost  ev.ry  where  either  lev.'l  or  ceitlj  uiidul,  ■ 
tin?  Rev.in.l  the  I^"■kv  .ms.  Ill,,  cieintiy  has  lacn  very  imperlectly  eM>l,,re,K 
In  wli,;t  zone  is  the  I '  ^tal,.s  i  What  parallel  ol  latitml,'  h.rms  part  n  the 
northern  iKiUn.hirvi  What  is  th,'latitud,',.l  th,' south  j.o.ntotHorala  (  \\  ha  1 
"ta"  s  and  t.rntori.'s  lie  eh.e.ly  n,n  th  uf  4'J^  N  lat.  f  \N  hic  i  a'tw.'en  '.P  and 
aiiOlWN.lat.?    Which,  tf.  of  3i;3  ;W  (    a,  rial/..M»  N.OrlemisI    IMnladel. 

''''irLv*  .r..»  ran,  the  MississiiTi  river?  tl„'Missr,uri?  ■'^'•k'..isas  I  I!e,l  riv- 
cr?  Ohio)  Savannah?  I'oto.micf  .-'ii^queha.mai  Helawurel  Hudson?  Con- 

""what  is  Uie  capital  of  the  U.  Stah'S  ?  1(7,  kh  ,ea„  from  irasl.twt.m  is  lial- 
timore?  Philad.ldiia?  N"w  York!  lloston ?  New  Orh'nns •  LininmatiM. 
Eouis?     inMLy/romAlba.yi,  lioston,  New  York?  Montreal,  liulhdo  , 

"mat  rirert,  Jn».«.  eapef.  oeeaiis.  &e..  wouhl  you  pass  in  sailing'  from  I'liil- 
adelphia  to  Baltiniore  I  from  Washington  to  N.  Orleans  i  Irom  llostu..  to  L  m- 
eit.uuti  i 

UNITED  STATES. 

Square  n.ilcs,  ;),1-J4,000.-Populatio.i,  17.700,000.-Pop,  to  sq.  m.,  6. 

1.  The  United  States  aie  the  most  enli,i;hiened, 
populous,  and  poweil'ul  country  on  the  Western 
iiemispheie.  .,     ,       . 

2.  Tile  territory  is  mn.-,'  tl.nn  QOOO  n.iles  lima  from  cast  to 
west,  ot.  tlir-  imrall,'!  ,if  -l'-  N'  Int.,  ami.  IVom  llie  moulU  ot  the 
MiBsissippi  Id  lake  .Superior,  1300  broiul. 

3.  Tlie  cmttitry  is  at  pi-esei.t  divided  into  30  hiates.  1  Distiict, 
atid  6  'rei'rit,.ri,-'s,  as  iti  the  tolliiwiiig  talile : 


C    1.  Maine. 

Southern  S 

I!t.  Louisiana. 

Eastern 

8TATES. 

iir  New 

y.  N.  llaiiipsl.ire." 

3.  Vermont.                | 

4.  Miissiiehiisctts.' 

.States.    I 

'JO.  Texas. 
■,n.  Arkansas. 
•J'J.  T,'iiii,'ss,'i'. 

EsULA.'vD. 

.',.  lUaale  Islaii,!.' 
(   tl.  Cnuictieut.' 

■j;i.  K'-ntucky. 
■Jl.  Ohio. 

(  7.  New  Viirk." 

Western  J 

'.'.-..  MahJL'au. 

Middle 
States. 

J    8.  New  .Iers,'y  * 
j    y.  ronnsylvniiia.* 
1  10.  Delaware." 

.SrAi  ts. 

^d.  Iniliaiia. 
-J7.  Illinois. 
.'r',  Wisconsin 

SolTH- 
ERN 

States. 

'11.  Maryland.* 
1','.  VirJinia." 

13.  N.  Ciirolina.' 

14.  S.  Carolina. * 
1  1.').  (ieorcia.* 

1  16.  Florida. 
1  17.  Alalmma. 
1  IS.  Mississippi. 

Territo. 

1        UIES. 

1  31.1.  Miss,inri. 
f  Minesota. 
t  Missouri. 
J  Indiuii. 
1  Ori'L-on. 
1  Calif.iri.ia. 
{  .New  ,M,.'.-iico. 

District  of  Columliia. 

4.  Tlie  L'nited  States  were  fortnerly  liritish  colonies,  but 
in  17"li  lliev  ,h'cliii-,'d  tlit'i. .selves  if,,l,'piM.ilel.t. 

5    At  tliat  lilll,t  ihi^  territorv  ,?.\tel.d>'(l  ol.lv  IVolli  ill,'  At- 

In..l'ic  I,.  Ihe  Mi.s.si.-sippi.      .\!!"  Ill-  ( try  west  of  th,'  Mia- 

sissippi,  ami  Florida  on  Hie  ea.st  of  that  river,  havu  beet, 
lidded  sine.  .....  ,, 

(1    Th,'  oi.lv  stall's  in  tin-  I.i.um  at  its  loriuation  were  the 

13  niarkc'd  with  a  slur.     Th,'  test  linv,'  sii.,,-  h forii.ed, 

partly  out  of  Ihe  ii.'w  t,.rritory,  and  [lartly  by  subdividing 
mime  nf  the  original  thirteen. 


,  tlii.'ll  ca 


Till'  four  stales.  Iowa 
ana.  t,)i;ell.er  with  the  four  territori,;s 
h.ilian,  ai.,1  ()r,'?on,  prim- 
Mil,l  tlie  whole  ciuntry 

'^' 8.'  Klorida  was  ceded  to  the  Fnile.l  Stales  by  Spain  iii 
18l'l;   Ti'sas  was  annexeil.  by  i.e^'ol.iitMH.. 

N,.w  M.'sii 11,1  California  were  addeil,  by  comim'st  Ifom 

Mexico,  in  18  IS.  ,  ^  .    .  „ 

1)    Th,-  t,'rrit,M'ies  of  Minesota  and  Orenon  are  midet  a 

,.,„',,',lai v,'rnni,'i.l  .'sinblisli.'d  by  Coniiiess.     The  liulian, 

.Missouri.  California,  and  New  .Me.vico  lemlones  ate 
vet  orpini/.,'it.  , 

"  10  Th,'  IsniAS  Territorv  lias  been  f;iven  to 
!  diatis  bv  the  o„v,.rnineiit  of  the  riiited  Stati's  lor  « |ici-n.a. 
M.ent  abod,',  and  is  ,„-,'upi,'d  chh'llv  by  Ch,'rok,'..s  hoc- 
taws,  ('.-.'eks.  and  Chickasaws.  wh,.  bav..  r.'n.ovclthilln'r 
lV,ni.  slat.'.s  ,'ast  of  th,-  .Mississippi  within  Ih,-  la.sl  -J,,  y.'ars. 
anil,  umli-r  the  instruction  of  Chn.stian  tnissionanes,  have 
b,',',.ini-  civili/i'ii. 

11.  Miss,,uRi(or  .NEninsKA)TERRiT,my  is  at  lu'csent  oc- 
ciipi.'d  aliii,,-t  ,'veli.siv,'ly  by  wil,l  Iinliai.s. 
I'J.  (liiK,eiN  has  s,'v,'ral  lliousanil  wl.ii, 
cl.ii'liv  iH'cni.ic'd  bv  wil,l  Imlialis. 

liiis  a  tnixi'd  pop.dation  ot   Spaniar.Is 


Mkxici 

and  Iliilians.      Its  limits,  on  the 

lhii',1.     Santa  Fe  is  its  capital. 

I      14.  Cai  lEoiiMA  is  ..,ii,',l  for 


exas,  an 


1  d,'- 
hest 


QuesHoii^. — 1. 
States  ia.t,',l  I  'J.  1I"W  I0..1.'  ami  how  hroail 
is  the  t,'rrit,)ry  !  .1.  How  many  stal.'S  in 
th,' Fiiiiui !  C',,11  'lull  '1,'Wlli,'  .N,'W  l-ln^'- 
hu.,1  .Slat.'S?  Mi,hlle?  S,ailh,'rn  1 
I'm  >.  I  Wlii'ii  ,li,l  the  I  .  Stal.'S 
in,l,'|.,'li,l,'..l  !      .',.   Wlmt  WHS   the   ext.lit 

of  the   t.-rritorv  at  tlint  tiiii,- '     ON 

tin-  13  ,>ri:.'iiial  i.tat,'s.    7.  What  slal,'S  an,l 
t,'rrit,iri,s    ,'oiiBtitiltc,l     l.,misiann.    whi 
I'-ra.ae  sol'l  to  the  I,',  Slates  in  IHIKI  > 
Wh,'..    ami    laiv\-    was     Kl,,ri,la     ml.le, 
Wlii'.i  nial  ho-.v.  T.'Xas  '.     W|..'i,  aii.l  how, 
Culifornia  nial  N.'w  M,'Xieo/     n.  Whuli 
ti'ri'itori,'S  nr,'  ,irea.iize,l  an,l  whi 
uaiii/.,',!  !     in.  If/,,,/  is  s.ml  ,,f  th,^  liiil.iin 

t.'rritory?    H.  of  the   Mis.s i  ti'rritury  ? 

1-J.  of  (^,"-'011?     13    of    .\,'W    Nb>xico  I 
,if  Califmiiin  ' 


»'i         s'o        m        s'r.        ^.TfVj 


sfm"" 


^'n  7\>  7\5  y\3  7\l  0\9 

J     I    til    \rl     ifrr^    V-t    U-Ljb=< 


[Loi»5ltud|!W(!«IftT3ii>Cn!emilch  j 

i      \cie  4=    i,-  \  UNITED  STATES 


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r' 
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Birrjuiuili       O 
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Mantensr 


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2!0LCTjgltude_j|SjWg8t  from  1,1 


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1  i:oWatlilnRtonl4 12  10 


■    -"^'tll 


"iLragJartJ^ 


QUESTIONS  AND  EXERCISES  ON  THE  MAP.  ^^  mil  is  tir 

MAI.\K._\Vli;,t  pn.viiH-i-  on  till-  N.W.  ,uhl  X.  „(  .Mm„e  ?    I^i"''  "'  ''"'  " 


Ca.  \\li!it|jnjvirni,-uiillii;  E.  .'  WIml  watur  on  tl'iu  t-.  f  What 
stati'  ciri  til,.  \V.  ! 

W'liiit  river  fiinns  part  of  llip  pastern  Iiijunilan,-  ?     Pt.  C x, 

calleil  als.i  tlie  .<ela»iiiie.  Wliiit  river,  a  jjiirt  of  the  westonl 
boiiii.lary  !     1'— a.  anil  B— n  liiil.',,  line  ul'its  liraiielies. 

For  what  is  tin'  eoast  of  Maine  reniarkalile  !  Aiis.  For  the 
prent  ninulier  of  its  liuys.  ishmils.  uiiil  exi'eUent  hartmrs.  In 
what  ilireetion  Joes  the  coast  run  !     N.K.  to  S.W. 

Whit  famous  bay  at  tlie  ea.sturn  extremity  olthi'  state  '  P— v. 
What  larL'u  island  in  Frencliinan's  hay  .'    Mt,  j)— t.  '      T,, 


lung  the  coast  in  tlieir  onl 


■ral  coi.,>;e  of  the  larL'..  rivers  in  the  southern       \\\v.,t  lu  o  towns  on  the  .\ii,lri«roL-i.-in,  near  its  mouth  ?   Tin 
1  nun  i^.  to  >.     ^anle  the  |irniei|uii  mer.    llli.     What  hiri.-e  town  on  a  harbor  in  Caseo  hav  .'    l',L   What 

1  a.,  teco.,  An.,  Kc,  I'l,,  .<t.  Cx.    town  on  .<aeo  riser r  its  mouth  ?    .'^o.     What  towns  on  tlio 

I'oast  in  \'ork  coiintv  .'  \\'.s..  Vk. 
rolMIK.S   .isn  TOWNS.  -        "»••"»• 


lieail  from  tlie  map  the  names  ofthe  following' counties,  viz 
—the  BIS  on  the  cna.st  :    Vk.,  r.i..  1,11.,  Wo.,  Hk.,  Wii 
—the  two  on  the  western  liounihirv;   Vk..  (),l. 

—  Ibe  thri I  Kennebec  river:    l.'n.,  Ki-..  ,~:t. 

— Ihe  iwo  on  tlie  ea.stern  lioiinilarv  :  Wn..  Ak. 


.  .VI-.W  lIAMI'.-;milK.-Wliat  coi.ntrv-  on  the  X.  of  New 
Haiiipshirc  ?  Ca.  Wiial  .slate  on  Ihe  l;.>  What  water  (ui  Ihc 
t^.K.'  What  slate  on  the  .<.  '  Wlial  slate  on  the  W.  .1  What 
river  .separates  .New  Hampshire  from  \  i  ruioiit  ' 

.  ^^-i-V""^ " » 'rr"  ™""  "■'■"•''""- '  •^''■.  "•■■■  ^'■•. '  ^^'-l;'ls';l;;•  iHty;:c;!i:;i7h^v;!r;i;,l,:i:;;,^r' Mr  wa 

whi,:h,;u;;ri;™;sHak;-;n^i;;;t;{erM-r'wi.„th.ke  i^\u^:V:::;i:r:i'r^::^ '::::'■  tTZ^^^^^^^^ 

on  the  western  bounUarv  !     \—_:     What  lar-e  lake  \  K    of    on  \I  ,,  1,  i,  s  1,,  ,       ,    l  ^i      c  it     ,  I  s.    \M,at  town    ihc  !«.U  .  corner  ol  the  slate  '    Mc. 

Mooscbeaii/  c-k.  What  lake  or  poniiu  hit;;  x'woiim;'.  '  w  i' ow  \   ;:;,;;;;r,  V'K  k";^  ^     r-m  r  Vi'''"'; '"?■,"""■  "","'"","r"v^"'-™'"^"f""-"""^'  ^^■'•• 

l:""l  f     ^-o.  Whiii  i„w,i  o    I'e  1,    «,      riv   r  ,  1  V   ,  •  "*•.•';   Tl.roUL-b  whal  river  K  lake   Wnmipiscogee  disciiur™  its 

What  river  is  the  outlet  of  ChcsuneooU  lake'     P-t,    W'hat  nV    V  lut   w,     o,       er  W  waters  iiilo  tie  ocean  (     Me.  '  . 

river,  the  outlet  of  Miwseheail  lake  1     K.-<:     What  river  Ihe  ItL.-or     ( >,        )     n      W  ,,,  Penobscot,  just  above  <      \V  Inch  .s  the  prnaupnl  river  of  New  llamiishiro  ?    M,-,     Dc 

outlet  of  (,-n,lia...„,.  lake  I     A-n.     Where  does  the  'saJo  iaw-  p  r  u  d  f  ,    in    r",,.  ^V.'  "'  '"" "»  ""  ""-'  "''''  ^"^^'^^'^'^  «""    '":"^"'  H"'  M-"-i'"a,.  river.     .1,,,,.    It  rises  in'liie  W-e 
koirisi'.'    In  W— c  MtB..  in  \.  II.  \v   ,,.,.,•  •  nins.  and  niniiilii;  south  thnaiuh  the  center  of  tin 

Wl.....: .1..; 1 .-,-...        .  „.     .     "  ll.lt  I..«li  on  til,-   KeniieOcc,  


~e  moiint- 


Wl 


ore  the  tl 


liat  river  drains  the  northern  part  of  Maine  ?  St.  ,1.   Which   to 


.'  princijial  branches  oi  the  .<t.,hj|in  from  this  slat 


11  on  the  Kennebec,  at  Ibi'  liearl  of  st 


near  its  mouth  /    Hh.     What   tlii' waters  of  W- 


lake,  passes  into  Massiicbnsclls, 


Whal  t 


Wk.,  .\li ,  a;,.   What  is  the  (jeneral  course  of  these  branches  .'    III.,  IJr.     What  tow 


ennehi 


.   belv 


ell  v\ui 


-•ation  !     Aa.   great  bend  to  the  X.  K.,  and  enters  tl 


From 


Nk. 


Kennebec  river,  above    Aui.' 


■ii.'.la  and  Hath  '        What  lurL'c  lake 


on  tin 


■an  at  .\t. 


make 


usta  !   is  the  outlet  of  I  inbaL'ou'  lake  ! 
Maine  south  of  the  Andri 


islern  bonndarv  .'    I  l'.    What  ri 


What 


nver  passes  into 


rswip^jpK'HK^^', 


17 


46 


Mi 


13 


M  A  1  N  K,    N  K  W    HAMPSHIRE,    AND    V  E  R  M  U  N  1'. 


19 


(urMlKfl,  TOWNS,  iV.C'. 

|{ •■:■<]  from  llir>  innp  llir  imiiics  of  llit-  tiiilowiiiL'  roimticH,  viz. : 
—  t;ir  tlin-c  (111  tlic  MitssiirliiiNrtr-^  liiif  :  Kill.,  Hli  .  i't'. 
— tin-  tt)ur  lit)  4'niiin'.ii,'il  rivi'i-  :('■■.  Sn..  (Jii..  Cs. 
— 111.'  tliii'i'  ()[i  tlh*  Miiiiit'  h«iiiiiili(i-y  :  SI,,  CI.,  i'n. 
— tliu  two  in  till'  iiitt'iim- :  ,Mk.,  lip. 

U'mkI  till'  iirimt's  nflln-  slilrt'  Inwns  u\'  lln-  clill'.rfiit  nirmiii's. 

Wlml  towiiH  liitvf  nvi'f  ;>iiii<)  inliiiiiiliiMls  !  ]•{>.,  Nn.,  k',\. 
\\'lii(t  Icmr  liirL'c  Iuwm-j  mu  thf  I'l-^ruiiiiinii  itml  ils  hriiii'lus  ! 
Vh.,  Dr..  Ki-.,  (.1.  I's.  Wlml  two,  on  llii-  .NK-minac  /  .Nil,  CiI. 
On  what  riMT  is  lliniiivcr  /      Ct. 

ileati  till'  niuiR'H  uftliu  towti.H  uii  {'niiiK'ftu'iit  livcr, 

It.\|[.U()M)8. 

W'lint  niili'ninls  in  N'l-w  ll!nn|iHliiri'  ?  Ans.  Tlii-ci'  railrnml.s 
coiiH' I'linji  Ilostnii  ill  Mnssin'liiiMi'ltH  :  mif  tliruiiL'h  Ni-whun  [Jiirt 
to  I'— li ;  iiiiollii-r  thiiiii--li  lliiv.'iliill  In  K — r  iiini  i) — rj  uiid  ii 
tltinl  tlmjii^li  Lowell  u>  N— a  iiml  ('— tl. 


^■KI{^r()^•T.— What  rounlryon  tli.-  N.  of  V.'n.iui.l  ?  What 
Ptiih-  on  til.'  K.  I  Whiil  Mtitli''fiii  tin-  S.  f  WliMi  ^t;lh•  ini  tin- 
\S'.  f  What  rivrr  sfjiariilrs  ViTmont  iVnin  Ni  w  Iliiiniihhin'  ? 
Whiit  l:ilu'  S(']i!irati'3  it  I'niiu  Xi-w  York  .'  What  laUc  crossi-.s 
till'  iiiirihiTii  Ijoumlarv  !     ,Mu'. 

Wlml  rivtT  i.s  \hr  oniht  o!"  lakr  MiMniihrrinairni;  ?  S.  Fs. 
Into  what  river  ilocs  ihr  St.  Francis  cniiity  1  S.  Ltv  What 
ri\t'r  is  (he  onth-t  of  lako  Chuiniiluin  !  riu.  Into  what  rivi'i' 
does  the  Smelie  cinitty  / 

What  tnoiiMtain.s  traver.se  the  Mntii  fnim  N.  to  S.  ?  (Jii.  Mis. 
In  what  jiart  ol'thi'  ran^'e  tn'i>  Miinsliolil  iiir>iinlain  ami  (.'aniel'.s 
Uiinip,  the  liiL'hest  peaks  /  In  what  part,  Killiui-'toii  peak  ! 
What  8ill^h•  moiiiilaiii  on  L'ninii'i-liiMit  river,  a  liltli-  .snuth  of 
Wiiidsur/     Ay. 


(oi  s  rii:R.  TOWNS.  \r. 
Kond  from  the  map  the  nanu's  of  tln'  tollowinu'  imuitit-'s,  vi, 
— thf  three  uii  thi)  Cnnailo  border .  Fit.,  ()s.,  V'.s. 
— thij  live  on  l-oniieelirut  river:  Kx.,  Ca.,  ()e.,  Wr.,  Win. 
— the  two  on  the  Mussachusetts  iMirder:  Win.,  lln. 
— tho  tivo  on  tlu'  western  bonier:  Itn.,  IU\.,  An.,  Cn.,  Fn. 
— the  two  in  the  interior:  Wii.,  Lo. 


iHiKK  TOWNS.  I      J'nrfsmnu//i.  Ill  tlic  niouth  nf  the  r — II,  liie  lirst  town  in 

A|-*}u«<TA.  ihp  riipilnl.  is  in  the  niiilst  nf  ii  fertib-  enmitiy.  I  |"»|"»l"t'"ii  niid  eoninierce.  bu.H  nire  of  tlte  line^t  hiirliors  in 

ill   tlie  lietiil  id'  .-loop  imvi^'jilion  on  K-v  river.  wUieii  i«    t'"'  WH-hl.  deej.,  niiMiiion.-,,  ^eellre,  easily  aei-essilib.-,  autl 

hen!  cid.'^.sed  by  Ji  ilani,  ereatin;:  nniiierniis  niill-r^ilcs. 

I'liifli/nU,  the  liiLe-l  town,  iinil  extensively  ('iii'iif;*'(l  in 

cinnnieree  and  the  hslierii's,  i>  oil  a  iieiiin.-ulu  iti  C — o  bay, 

with  a  sale  and  eap.ieioii.s  liai'lior. 

i!'nii:ot\  the  HMond  tou  n  in  pupiilation  and  eonnnerce, 

and  tlie  iliiid  seat  of  the  lninliei-liadr.  is  nn  the  V — t  river, 

uhieh  is  navlL'alde  to  this  point  lor  the  hei-est  ve.-se! 


Tliumtistiin,  noted  lor  its  lime,  and  the  seat  of  the  Male. 


never  tliizeii. 

fin-fit  I'nlh,  on  S — n  V — s  river;  Dntrr  and  F.xrtrr,  on 
two  ntlier  l)ran(lit's  nf  llie  IS.'iata'pia  ;  and  AVm//;///,  on  the 
M — V,  are  iar^'c  inannraclnrin;.'  villaL'i's. 

Ilonovcr,  llie  seat  n|"  Dartninntli  collejrt',  i^  on  (' — t 
river. 

(^iialiniia.—  X.  Why  i-*  New  Jlnmpshire  cnlled  the  Hwitzor- 


prison,  is  on  a  Miiall  iidel  a  little  \V.  id'  I'eiinli.sent  bay. 

Cnsfi/ir,  noted  iiir  its  title  niilitarv  position  FHid  its  excel- 
lent harbor,  i.s  on  a  peiiiii>nla  near  the  head  of  |' — t  bay. 

Iliiilowf.ll,  noted  for  its  j_'ranite,  i.>oii  the  K — *;,  two  nilles 
below  AtiiTiista. 


land  of  Anie 


*,'.  How  hii:li  nil'  the  White  nioniiliiiim? 


HiAv  tar  are  they  seen  ?      What  L'ives  them  their  name  ? 

:t.  For  what  is  the  eoimtry  on  lake  WiniiipiseoL'ee  reiiiarka- 
hle  ?  -1.  WhiU  is  the  Xoteh  in  the  White  mnnntninfi  ?  ;*>.  What 
iilijei'ts  draw-  travelers  tor  nh-in'me  to  New  Hanip.shire  / 

Ii.  What  in  the  hire  of  the  (oiintry  I     7.  What  i.s  the  prind- 

|ial  oeeiipatioii  of  tlie  people  !     -.  \Vliere  are  the  larL'e  ninnii- 

Onnin,  at  llie  lower  fall.-i  of  the  I* — t  ;  C'l/'ii-',  at  tlie  lower  '  tin'tiiriiiL'  e.stahlishnienta  /    !>.  What  port  is  extensively  en^'ag- 


falis  of  tit.  (' — s. ;  Mi/r/iifti,  near  the  month  of  M — s  river ;  and 
S'/';i,  at  the  lower  falls  oi"  Si — o  liver,  are  nolud  fur  their  nu- 
ineriius  saw  -mills. 

Ji'//ft,  on  the  K— e,  at  the  bend  nf  ship  navii:ation  ;  Ilnnt*- 
irirh,  till'  seat  of  Hnwdoiii  coilei.'e,  on  the  A— n,  at  tlie  lower 
bills  ;  and  'Jnp\h(t>ii,  on  the  A— a, opposite  Hnni.swirk,  are  not- 
ed fur  ship-imildin!.'. 

Q'irsfi„„x.—  \.  For  what  is  ^^^i1le  lailed?    2.  What  part  of  the 

''tale  is  the  st  popiiloim  f    ;i.  What  part  ol  the  state  is  i-over 

ed  witii  tun  .sis  !      What  valiial»l.'  tri'e  alHtnnds  n-  tlie  fun-sts  ? 

■(.  What  IS  the  biee  ot  the  e.tuntry  .'  .'..  the  climate  ?  (i.  the 
soil  .'  7.  What  is  the  value  of  the  hlmber  annually  exported  / 
r*.  t)f  what  state  was  ^blille  once  a  part? 

Where  an' tlie  iiillowini,' towns,  and  li»rwlmt  are  tbev  noted: 
Anirii-^la  !  I'orllainl  '.  BanL'<ir  .'  Tiiumaston  .'  Ciistine  .'  '&.(•. 

For  what  an-  (Jrniio,  Calius,  Mai'hin.s.  and  Saeo  noted  I  For 
what  are  IJalh,  lirmi^wick,  and  Tupsham  noted  t 


cd  in  the  tisherie.s  ? 

What  is  the  capital  nf  New  Hampshire  7  Where  i.s  Con- 
cord (  Where  is  I'ortsmoiitb,  and  tia'  what  is  it  noted  ?  \aino 
the  hu'L'e  maaiifuctarini:  villai-es,  and  their  situation  /  Where 
i.s  Hanover,  and  tor  what  noted  / 

VERMONT. 

Hqunrr  mile.-',  0700.— I'optiliition.  ,".n.lM,-^.— Pop.  lo  sq.  ni..  nO. 

1.  The  A'ermontei's.  or  Green  Mountain 
BovH.  are  thnions  for  their  diuing  exjjioits  in 
the  Kevoiutionarv  war. 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

.Hqwnn'  rililcB,  'J.'iOO.— ropillation,  •>  1,571.— Poll,  to  .-r|.  ni„  ;|0. 

1.  Tiie  lofty  rnountuins  and  l)eautii\il  laiies' 
I'  \e\v  llanip.shire  have  acc)uircd  lor  it  tiie 
iti'iiii  iiu- iitiims  (if  till' shin- lown.s  (if  iiicMiiHiriTit  coiuitios.  juanie  ()i  the  Swilzcr/uiid  of  America, 

itcud  llic  nuini'sdf  tin-  luilr  rivurs  that  empty  iiitdliike  L^huiu 


plain.     Mc,  Lc.  On.,  Or. 

(hi  wlml  ririri*  Mimtpi'liiT?  Wiiiilsnr!  nrntllclKini  ?  Vi-r- 1 
fri'tiiu's  ?  Miiliilclirirv  ?  Oil  vvliat  liikc,  llnrliiiL,'iim  /  In  what 
jmrt  otthc  suite,  Hi.'niiiiit.;loii  / 

MAINE. 

Pqunri?  mile.",  UJ.IOO. — Ptiimhitjiiii,  .''iO],7!l:l. — Pop.  to  aij.  ill.,  15. 

1.  .Maine  is  noti,'d  tor  line  iiarhors,  the  lum- 
ber-trade, shiii-biiilding.  navigation,  and   the 


-^:1i~^-% 


iishi 


I 


.\ol<-/,  in  (he  H'liiti  MniiHta 


lUviU  of  Ikiiniimtnii. 

'J.  Tiif  name  Vnmoit  is  derived  iVoin  two  French  words, 
v>  }•</(,  i:reen,  and  nifuf.  mountain. 

:{.  Tbe  (been  mountains  conimeiice  near  llio  northern 
boiiudaiy,  and  run  .south,  throujj;h  the  whole  length  oi"  tlie 
state,  into  Ma.-'sacbusetls. 

■1.  'J'be  face  of  the  countn",  where  it  is  not  moimtaiuons 
is  fionerally  inidiilatini.', 

5.  The  suil  is  tortile,  but  is  diiefly  devoted  to  grazing. 

ti.  Wool  is  tbe  staple  ]iniduction.  Slieep,  horses,  and 
cattle  ate  niised  in  i.'reat  numbers. 

7.  The  >tate  is  well  watered  by  brooks  and  niill-streania, 

leir 


2.  The   H7//7c  moiui/fjins  nmsist  of  six  or  ei-ht  i»eaUs,    |„it'none  of  its  rivers  are  navi-able  many  mile^  from  ih 
each  more  than  TiUOO  teet  liii:h.     They  are  seen  bv  sailors   mimtlis 
at  sea  many  miles  \hnn  tiie  eoa.st.  and  derive  tboir  name        j;.   i^jdu-  Chaniidain  is  navigalde  liv  tlu'  hirgost  ves.'^ek 
Inan  the  >niiw  on  tln-ir  top.s,  which  makes  iheni  \vluto  forj 
ten  inontli:^  in  the  vear.  i  rmr.K  towns. 


X    n7«;//y</.vi;et'.,'  (will-Ile-pe-sa^v-geW./ATisa  beantilul'      MoNTfKf.iKn.  the    capital,   is   on  O— n   river,  near   tlie 
body  <d  water,  imbosommu'minu'nnis  islands,  and  surround-  \     ...i,.,.  ,,f  the  state 
ed  by  aci.uiiiry  abonmlin-in  romantiesceneiT.  |    \„,.ii„^f„„'   ^\^^',  seat   of  tiie  university  of  Vennont,  is 

1.    Ihe.NW,-/;  or  (;r>p  in  the  W  bile  muuntaiu>.  also  "mcli;,,^,„j,j,.,,|;  ,i„„i„.a  o„  hike  C-n. 

adnm-ed  tor  ,is  pictinvs.nie  scenery,  t--  a  deep  and  narniw  1       ,.^,^.,^,  ^;^,^.^,    ,,,,.     ,„.(  at  which  Connnodore  Mncdonou-h 

deblo,  two  niiles  Iohl',  iornini:.'  the  oiiiv  practicable  route   c,  ^  i     „,  ,i.  .  n  , .»  ii.-.i  .--.iii.iiei-..,i  tbe  lit  oi^b  in  1  '^t  J    i*  -it 

^.  The  population  iMliietv  in  the  south,  whbin  CO  or  70    f„r  eania"es  across  the  mountain  IniTieV  fitted  .mt  the  leet  that  K.mpi.  nd  th     ltnti>b  in  In  14.  is  at 

'    '  •  '"'  '•'""'"-' ^ 'uniss  MM    mouniaui  oaiiii  I.  ^j^^,  Inwer  'alls  of  O — r  c — k,  wlmli  is  naviLiable  to  this 


miles  of  tl 


l^''*'>tll"''-""^t.  ,.'''■    liuiubeds  oftrav.lers  visit   th--  state  eveiy  year.  b.        :,.    i"'  .i/.i.r -e  t  vessels 

*.  The  northern  part  ot  the  Male  is  sldl  covered  with    ....jov   the   ma.'nilicent    pn.spect   tnan    the    to,,   nf"  Nl-nm  ■ '"'\';'  *' '  Z';^^^^^^^ 


Mi.f./frhnnf.  noted  tor  iis  college  and  its  nnivlde  qinurica, 


(bres,.,  in   .hill.  th..   uliite  ,.i,.e,   tlu-  i;„„i,luti,m  (if  the    u;.l,i„„„„.  th,,  jims.,.;.  thniu.li  the  N.iteh,  ami  the  ride    ;,  i!;;  .n'^'-ir"'!!!"  "."^^  ..»  ..i......e  ,p,..„ie„ 

'"'f 'i'h;:i;;.';l;'r,-;,u,„i-v  i.  .r,u-..u.rnu,-.,uM.,u,^'TT""^^^      .;„.e.  d,-  .,>  ,,,11,.  fv,.,i,  ti,,.',,  V"";'i-;h '^r:;  '^i.u::viniz^:l'«'^f^^:  1,1 


lleliee  ;mil  reiKihscdt,  umiinlaiiHiiis 

Tl.  The  eliiiiate  i>  healthv;  liiil  the  winters  are  Imii;  niul 


1(1  IlKMiiitallKMl^. 
.  -  The  iuhaliitan*..*  are  eliietlv  tiinTiers  and  jinizief..*. 

Bevere.     In  the  iiitei-Kir,  siuiw  lie.s  tliree  iir  leiiv  iiieiith.s  in  j      ,.,  Tlieiv  are  wvend  laiv'e  I'liainilaeliirin-  tiiwiis  in  the   ,.,.^„.|,  ,„„ii„tiiiis       1    Wlint  is  the  hi t  tlie  e(aii,tiy  r     a. 

e^'.',;','''       ...                „             1              .               1  'Sr,.  part  (if  the  Btate,  and  the  li-heries  are  carri.d  oiiex-   \\'-'|'  'iJI,  .';„:|7    i;,' ui,;it  i.<  tlie  stauie  |in«i>"tiiin  !    'What 

fi.    Ihe   »nd   IS   f;enerallv    f;.i.,d.  e.Nee|il    near  tl .la.^l.    teiiMVelv  hum  l'(irl.-in.iulli. 


Q II r.<l in ns—\.  For  what   nre  the  Veniioiitols  fnmiHis?     2, 
Wliiit   is  the  inline  Veniidlit  ileriveil  fliun  !     '■!■  Deserilie  til!! 
1.  What  is  the  111 I   the   edaiitiy  ?      a. 


Itetweeil  the  Ke 

7.  The  value  (if  the  lilliil 
than  ^l().OUII,illlll  aiiiiiiidlv. 


al  r. 


iiM-dt  It  IS  verv 


lerlile 


ler  exiMirl 


ited  h-i 


itii  .Maine  i.s  mure 


cniKf  Tdwys. 


1!,   I'lilil  l;;j(l,  .Maine  wa.s  ii  leirt  of  Ma~sailm-ell.s. 


I      Cdvednii,  the  enpiltil,  at 


(1  seat  df  the  stale 


■prison,  is  on 


I  the  M — e,  near  the  center  of  the  piipidatidii  dfllio  state.      ]  Where,  niul  lor  what  iidte.l.  are  liiirliiigton  .'  Veri; 


aliiuials  are  raised  ' 

7.  Is  the  stiite  well  wiitereil  ?    Are  i' "•  rivers  navii;alile  ]   8 
Is  lake  t'hiiiuphiiii  iiaviL-iihle  f 

What  is  Ihe  eiipital  df  Veniioiit 

i  \X'l,.,i-..    nil, I   liic  \vl,!il-  iwiteil.  lire   Itll 


'     Where  is  Montiielicr? 


MASSACHUSETTS,  CONNECTICUT awd  RHODE  ISLAND. 


QUESTIONS  AND  EXEBOISES  ON  THE  MAP, 


WJiirli  wall  frrm  Hiisliin.iinii  i,i,  iilinl  rim;  is  Coiii'iinl .'  I,i 


Wlint  lipiiruii  till'  Massiic'liiisi'lls  lino  '.     L.I.,  II. I.,  T.I.,  Wm. 


MAri.SACHi:SETT.-:.— Wliiit  Mnti's  nn  tlio  N.  t.f  Miissai-liii-  ' ':"  '    ^''wlJiii-vi'ort  !    bpniifhold  ?    Nurllmii.|.toli  ?    I'illstiulil  .'  \      \\  Imt  twn  iiro  intiTsiTtrci  l.y  Cnn licnl  riv.r  '     II, I    Mx 

KPtts  ?     Wlial   will, ■!■  nn  the  K.  .'     Wlmt  stales  uii  llie  .S  f  : '''■"",". ',  ^         „  ,  ,  '      ^^'mt  two  are  inlersi.Ttecl  hy  llie  Uuineljaiii,-  mid  Tljamus  / 

What  Stat,' nil  the  \\-.?  1       '  I  *"'"  "'"/'/ram  /f"sA'",  nn(/ on  K7(rt(  is?«;i,;,  is  Nimlui'kel  ?    Win.,  Nn. 

WhatlarL-i.  hay  nn  tli,>  easlcni  enost  ?    Ms,    Wlmt  capes  „t    Eilgiirton  (  Holmes'  H,)lu  7  i      What  river  Rppnrntes  Now  Haven  frmnFinificU  county  ?  He. 

tli,^  niiiiitli  nl  the  hay  ?     An.  niiil  r,l.     What  iliies  tiie  peninsu.  iniin(i\ns  I      ^^1""  ""'"Iv  i.s  interseel.'il  hy  th.'  Hnusiilnnie  !     I,, I. 

la  nl  ea|ii' Coil  r,'s,'nilil,^  ?     .!«-.  A  man's  ni-ni  hint  inwaiil  Imlli  I      »• .1  ■     •      i       i        ,    ,'     ",.  ....  Wlial  are  llie  eapitals  nl  th,' slat,' .'     11,1.. Nn.     ()nwliatri\. 

nt  the  elhow  anil  tl„.  wrist.  What  hav  within  llie  inni-r  shore  I  Ij"™"^  Hq  •'"".''''!''' ™''™''', ''V'"  "'''''"''"''''■''' ""'''■■■  I ''i"  i«  HaiUor.!?  Ct.  What  i-hv  on  the  (■onneilieut  helow 
of  the  peninsula  ?  C.  <M.  What  hay  on  the  .'S.W.  siile  of  the  '  p  '},'"■  '•„"."'  ''-'"'T;'''  "'"".'-I'  L"-.  .-"■ .  «>..  Ih.,  an,l  Nt,.  to  :  Harlfor.l,  at  the  ereat  henil  \  Nin.  Wlmt  cilv  at  the  mouth 
isthmiLs.'  liil's.  What  two  i.slanils  .simth  of  the  peuiiisilla //',!;'";'*"'''; '''V'"'"'''''i;'^  ,  ,  ,  ,„  ,  nf  the  Thames  ?  Nu.  What  cilv  at  the  I.einrof  steam  ni.vi. 
Nt.  .M,  \il.  -•'•""'"•  lo  l,n«  ell,  Willi  II  I, ranrli  In  Ar.nnil  111.  ami  a  e,.n  "      -■ 

What  mimnlains  cross  Hi,'  stale  frnm  Verninnt  iiiln  Oum.Tli.    "';;"",J',;"  '"  .^'''i"!""'  ""'I  (■"iieonl  in  .\,  11. 
cut  >.     (in.     What  siiiL-ie  niniiulain  near  llie  \  W  ,-,,niir  nf  '  ,,'|'    ■'  "    ''/'•'''''"•  Ihroniih  \\  r.  ami  S.|.  In  IM.,  ami  llience  In 

;!::;  Wt],aini;io,i^'"H;''^n   """"  "'  ' ■•"■'"  '■'^^^      i:°JW;;;!'[o'p:;,^Xiee  ^'ku  ,  ^Vl.a,  rail,o„,,s  i„  f ectient  7     A,...  Three  railioails  ems, 

,ii^'''''^r''wh:;:::,!^;';^::;':!,r;:;:^:^.':--:7"^'T'--!  — ■  t.^i:^^^:(tr::T^:^^,^:2iz'^:^.::^: 

Ill  III  .     ni  ■     >^  iiiii  Lrt'iH  1 1\  (T  I  iiiis  I'liliH'iv    'Tnss  til'  wi'sit'  Ji         x'  .1  ■  1  1  1    'im  «    \"         ■  t  j    1 1  ■  .  1    .  v  1 

i.nitnf  III..  sr-H.w     Ct     \V'l,..i  inr ;,,„.(..       V         II   "'",:'"        N;imo  tli.--  ipnnciiuil  riniit  s.  '.  Hio  ^nrwirh  nii>l    Worn^hr  roiut,    run.  Ndnvic  .,  m.  the 

pa.,ses  from  Worcester  comilyhilnl(l,n,leI.siimnii  '"'f  ,^  '  ,  ,         ,        „.  ,  ■,   -•  •^'■"■/''''■' "''";//•''■   "'■'^"'''"■-''"'-Mlinse  twn  eines  ami 

•"  ""■•  ,      ■-'.  Ill'irhslom:  from  Wnrcesler,  ilnwn  the  vnllev  of  B— e  riv     '"  l»',''."litinileil  np  the  valley  nl  llie  Cnnne.lieiil  |o  SpriiiLliel,!. 

CiiU.STlES  ASD  Tow.vs  '  ''''  '"  ''''■  '"  "hnil,'  Isliinil.  "  |      :'.  V'/.i'  I liiKsiiluinc  niilnrciil.  Irnin   llriiliri'i  nrl.  up  the   viill,.y 

.  ,  .     ,  ■'■  IliimiUiri-  iii„l  /l,ini/iilrii,{riim  N'nrtliampinn  soulh  to  the  ^  "'''"'  Housalonie  lo  the  iHiiimlaiv  lin,'  lalween  Mas.saehuselts 

\\  Inch  IS  the  wesliTiimnsi  cnunly  >     II,..   What  lliree  states    Cnnuecticut  hounilarv,  where  it  meets  the  Fimnilmton  canal     i  "'"'  ^'"'^^  '^'"'''*'  "  ''"I"  «'''*'  of  I'ltt-'Helil. 

Iinriieron  Biukshnv  !     Vt.,  .V,  ■\'.,  l 'l.     What  llir •niinlies  are  '  ,  "  '  What  ennal  in  this  state  ! 

ihviileil  hy  Cniine.lieut  river  ?  Kn.  Hiv,  llii.  What  .nuiily  in  fnNNICCTiCUT.— What  state  on  tlie  V  nf  fnnneelient  ?  '  -l"-- i''.i""ile-'lnn  ea.ial,  frnlii  New  Haven  lo  Faniiiiieton,  ami 
the  eiuiler  ot  the  slate  boril,TS  nn  tin  '    ■        '      ■•'■         '■■■         '   ■  ...  


.'atiiiii  on  the  Thanies  7     Nh. 

n.VIt.ROAPS  A.S"I>  TAN  AT,. 


blehenil  1  rialein  .'  (iloneester  !  Taunton  '  .N'l-w  lieillorii  '   I'lv- 
mouth'  HanistalL'.'   riovineetoH  n  .'  Wunciter  .'  Ainlieibt'' 
'.0 


coivriKs  AMI10UN3.  I  u'l'™""!!"'!^  '"'■  ■     ^'"""' "'^' '"'•'■''■''' '•■*'■""'  i"  ■Niirraaansett 

What  four  counties  on  Long  IslamlscjumI'   F,l.,  Nn  ,  Mx„  .Vn.  I     the  N.lv'arm  of  Narra^isett  hay  is   calleil  Mount  Hopo 


f 


^M0i'  *^^)f9BMl||M!IK9P'^' 


MASSACHUSETTS,  CONNECTICUT,  AND  RHODE  I  i^  F,  A  N  D. 


91 


f 


biy-^whit  rlvfV  from  MtiiNtichuKi'ttx  eiii[itic«  into  it  f  Tii, 
The  N.W.  Arm  of  NnrritjrHUKc'.t  bny  i«  rallfd  Pniviilpiice  bay 
^whnt  river  (hn'n  it  vimm-Ivp  tnni  NIusiitirliiiiii-ttH  i     U»'- 

What  iitlntiti  iH'liincim?  t4)  tin-  atiitf,  hull  way  W'twei-n  Point 
Judith  aiiil  Miiiiiiiuk  I'oliit  7  Hit..  W'luit  t)iriM>  cuuutiui  on  tlio 
weit  ilioro  lit'  Niirru^Htiat^t  hay  I     I't..  Kt,,  Wii. 

What  ruilrornl  in  IUuhUi  Uliitnl  ?  An>t,  Krniii  Proviiienre  tn 
S— II  in  CintniTlii'iit.  VV'hiit  ciiniil  ?  Anii.  PInrkHtuno  euiml, 
from  Proviili'iKu  up  tliu  valU-y  oi  tliu  Utuckittuno  l<>  W — r,  in 
MaHiflnlHiNcttii. 

Nnmc  flin  rnpitnJB  nf  nhndo  Nlnnrl.  Po,,  Nt.  f)n  what  inl 
and  if  NfW|»iirt  /  it.  I.  Wjiich  wny  frtmi  Newport  ia  Uriatnl  i 
Wliioli  way  from  I'rnviticuru  in  Piiwtuckot? 


MASSACHUSETTS. 

Bqunre  mllcf,  78()0.— Populntion,  737,099.— Pop.  to  «q.  m..  M. 

1.  Massarhnsi'ttH  is  ni>to(l  for  the  energy, 
publir  spirit,  and  rlarini;  cntcriM'isc  ot'licr  sons. 


pi- 


2.  She  \vii»  111''  lir.<t  to  ri..«'Ht  tli(.  (^|l|lrl■9sion  ol'  llie  mnth- 
er<oiiJitry,  iiiul  ruriii«lii.(l  iiioir  ini'ii  ami  ini>re  money  to 
curry  on  llie  Uevolulioniiry  war  llian  any  olliiT  colony. 

3.  Tile  peopli'  me  lanKJus  for  Ihe  lilnTiility  with  which 
they  8U|ipurt  literary,  humane,  and  reli-jious  institutions. 

4.  Their  coUe^'es  and  hiL'h-schools  are  more  numerous, 
ami  better  endowed  by  private  nuiiiiflcence,  than  those  ol' 
any  other  state. 

5.  The  slate  derives  its  name  from  ihe  bny  on  which  it  is 
situated,  and  is  olien  culled  tlie  Bay  .Slate. 

6.  The  coast  is  loiifc'  and  irre;;ular,  and  has  more  good 
harbors  than  any  other'in  Ihe  Union,  except  that  of  ^Ia^le. 

7.  The  connti-y  west  of  Conneeticnt  river  is  nioniitainons ; 
east  of  that  rivcM-,  miihilatiiij.'  or  hilly,  except  the  southciist- 
ern  counties,  wliic'i  are  level  and  siindy. 

0.  Thi^  soil  is  comparatively  poor,  but  hi^'lily  cultivated. 

!).  The  people  depend  for  sulisistence,  to  a  (.'real  extent, 
on  the  lisheries.  navi:jation,  commerce,  and  mannfaclnres. 

II).  In  amount  of  ship|iiiiu'  .\hi.<siihn>etls  is  the  lirsf  state 
in  tiie  t'hion,  and  sh(.  has  nearly  as  many  vessels  and  men 
in  the  whale-li^hi'lv  as  EtII  the  world  besides. 

U.  Tlie  cod-li<lii.ry  on  the  banks  of  Newfoundland  is 

■osecnied  exlcii..i\ely  from  llie  purls  "f  lliis  stale. 

1'.'.  The  piiacipal  lirinnfacliln-.^  .iri.  cotton  pi.ids,  woolen 
poods,  and  shoes,  which  Ihrei,'  articles  are  made  to  the  val- 
ue of  J.')0,(l(ll).ililll  annnallv. 

13.  .Massachii.sciis  is  the  mo.st  ihicUly.setlled  state  in  the 
Union,  having  nearly  100  inhabitants  to  a  s([nare  mile. 

IIIIEK  TOW.SS,  \'C. 

BosTo.v,  the  capital  and  larp'st  cily,  is  on  a  small  penin- 
sula at  lh>.  hcail  of  Ma^^achnset•.s  bay.  Il  has  an  excel- 
lent  harbor,  aral  more  slopping!  and  commerce  than  any 
city  in  Ihe  liiion,  except  .New  Vork.  Uecenlly.  it  has  ob- 
tuiiicd  (.'i-eat  advantages  from  its  railroads,  and  a  regular  line 
of  steamers  to  tjiro[M'. 

('Iiiirlrs/iiini.  famiais  for  the  battle  of  Hunker  Ilill,  is  on 
n  peninsula  just  norlh  of  Huston,  aial  conm'cteil  with  it  by 
Bev(.ral  bridi:es. 

Ciimhriili;i\  the  seat  of  the  oldest  and  besl-enilowed  nni- 
versily  in  America,  is  Iwd  miles  .N,\V.  of  Hostou. 

On  tho  coast  .N.IO.  of  lloslon  an', 

Jjjiiii,  fanioMs  for  ihi-  mannfacttire  of  wnttieii's  sb.>es; 

N<ih:iiil.  the  favorite  simmiei-  resorl  of  tbi'  Uostiaiiuns — 
a  rockv  peninsula,  JnttinL'  into  the  sea  from  l.vim  ; 

Miiililvlifud,  the' piiacipal  town  in  the  cod-lishery  : 

Siilcm.  noted  for  its  w  callh  Maineil  in  the  India  and  China 
trade , 

(• 


Olimcetler,  rumciua  for  ita  mackerel  anil  cud-UsliHrics. 

On  Merrimae  river  are, 

Nnwhtirijjinrl,  a  ccaisiderable  commercial  town; 

Andovt'r,  the  seat  of  lla^  oldest  aial  best-endoweil  theo- 
hipieal  semiiuiry  in  the  United  Slates; 

I.iiwell,  one  of  the  lar::est  manufacturing  towns  in  Ameri- 
ca, fumous  esjiecially  lor  ils  cotton-Mills. 

South  of  Boston  nre, 

Phfiuoulh,  where  Ihe  ril^jrim  Fathers  of  New  Knf^laiid 
landed  in  |(i-JO — lai  a  harbor  of  Cape  Cod  hay  ; 

Srw  lifilfiinl,  which  carries  on  Iho  whale-lishery  more 
I'xtensivelv  than  any  other  port  in  tho  world— oii  a  harbor 
Ml  B — d's  liay,  .^1)  miles  H.  of  Doston ; 

Nfinfuckff,  famous  alst)  for  its  whale-fishery,  which  em- 
ploys more  lliaii  'JOOO  haials — on  Nantucket  islaiul ; 

Nttnluvkft  ShoitU,  famous  for  shipwrecks — 1*2  miles  S.E. 
of  Naiiliicket  island; 

UnhneM*  Halt',  a  safe  harbor  for  wind-bound  vessels — on 
Ihe  N.K  side  of  .M—  V— <1  island; 

Fall  Jiiiifr  and  Taunton,  largo  manufacturing  villages — 
11  little  N.W.  of  New  Bedford; 

West  of  Boston  are, 

Worcester,  a  great  thoroughfare — near  the  center  of  the 
state  ; 

Sprinftfirtd,  famous  for  its  national  armory,  papor-mills, 
and  other  manufactories — on  C — I  river; 

Satldlf  mnuntain,  the  highest  single  inountain  in  the  state 
— near  the  .N.W.  corner. 

Qnestionf. — 1.  For  what  is  Mnssnrliusetts  noted  t  2.  What 
part  (lid  she  take  in  the  Kuvuhitioiiary  war  /  3.  For  wliot  trait 
ofeharnctcr  are  the  people  famous  ?  4.  How  tlo  their  colleges 
iiiid  hiuli  schools  compare  with  those  of  other  states  7 

5.  What  gives  the  state  its  name  ?  t>.  What  is  the  clmrsc- 
ter  of  the  const  ?  7.  face  of  the  country  ?  8.  soil  7  9.  occupations 
of  the  people  ? 

10.  How  iloea  the  state  rank  in  nmouiit  of  shipping?  I.^at  in 
the  whale-lishery  (   1 1,  ia  the  cod  lishery  1 

Pi.  What  are  the  principal  inanahictures  ?  13.  How  does 
the  state  raiil^  in  density  oipopulatina  J 

What  is  the  capital  of  Mn.Rsachusetts  ?  Wliere,  and  for  what 
famous,  is  Boston  1  C'haricstown  /  Ciimbriil^e  .'  I-ynii  /  ic. 


CONNECTICUT. 

Squiu-c  mile",  4780.— Population,  309,378.— Pop.  to  jq.  in,,  65. 

1.  ConneoticiU  is  celebrated  for  her  com- 
mon schools,  and  the  good  morals,  equal  con- 
dition, and  steady  habits  of  her  citizens. 


CIIIEr    TOWNS, 

IlAnironn,  one  nf  Ihe  capitals  of  tho  state,  and  thn  seat 
ol  Wiishiii;;!on  college,  is  a  lloinisliing  trading  and  mami- 
factin  iiig  town,  in  the  midst  of  a  fertile  country,  at  the  head 
of  sloop  navigation  on  (.'onneclicut  river. 

Nkw  IIavkn,  the  ollur  capilal,  noted  as  the  seat  of  Yale 
college  and  niiini.roiis  hiuh-schools,  is  beaiitifully  situated 
on  a  targe  plain,  bounded  on  three  sides  by  niuiinmins  and 
liills,  at  the  head  of  a  bay  of  bona  Island  sound,  which 
Ibrnis  a  safe  and  spacious,  but  shallow  harbor. 

.Vcic  I.imdim,  with  it  tine  harbor,  at  the  mouth  of  the  T — s, 
and  SInninglon,  in  the  .S.I;.  corner  of  tho  state,  are  largely 
engaged  in  ihe  whale  and  seal  fisheries. 

S'onnck  is  a  manufacturing  town,  with  ample  water- 
power,  at  Ihe  head  of  sloop  navigation  on  the  T — s. 

Snijhrnok,  the  first  spot  occupied  by  the  English  in  Con- 
neeticnt, is  on  C — I  river,  nt  its  inoiilh. 

Miildlftnwn,  Ihe  seal  of  Iho  Wesloyan  university,  is  on 
C — t  river,  at  tho  sreat  bend, 

Uritlffcpnrt,  a  nourishing  trading  town,  has  a  good  har- 
bor, a  little  W.  of  the  mouth  of  the  11 — c. 

Question!!.— \.  For  what  is  Connecticut  noted?  S.  What  is 
the  aiiumut  of  the  school  fund  7  How  iloes  it  compnre  with  the 
schiKil  funds  of  other  states?  3.  What  are  the  occupation  and 
condition  of  the  moss  of  the  people  ? 

4.  What  is  the  face  of  the  country?  the  soil  7  5.  the  state  of 
agriculture  7     6.  What  manufactures  7 

7.  Why  is  the  |Kipalntion  stniioiiary  7  What  is  the  charac- 
ter of  the  emiu'rants  from  Connecticut  ?  8.  lor  what  is  Yale 
collei;e  ilistinuuislied  7 

What  are  the  capitals  of  Connecticut  7  Where  is  Hartford, 
and  tor  what  noted  7  Where,  and  for  what  noted.  New  Haven? 
New  London  7  4o. 

RHODE   ISLAND. 

Sqimre  miles,  1251.— Populntion,  109,?30.— Pop.  to  «q.  m.,  87. 

1.  Rhode  Island  is  the  smallest  state  in  the 
Union,  but  more  extensively  engafrcd  in  man- 
ufactures, in  proportion  to  her  i)opulation,  than 
anv  other. 


'J.  Tlio  iuiui  for  tlie  suppnrt  of  cnminon  Ri'hools  cxrecils 
|*,',OI>U.UOO,  l)L*iniz  lar^'fT,  in  proporti<Hi  to  tlie  poimlution, 
limn  the  wliool-tumi  of  uiiy  otlit'i-  sialo. 

;i.  Til*'  muss  of  llie  jH'opK'  are  iiuioiu'ialont  farmers  and 
nifcliaiiics.     Ft'W  arc  poor,  atul  ffw  vt'iv  rirli. 

4.  Tlu'  liict'  of  tho  country  i«  gent'ially  hilly,  and  tlio 
•soil  fertile.  Tho  berit  huuU  are  iu  llii'  valley  of  tin*  CVin- 
nt'cliiut. 

5.  Till!  farms  are  commonly  small,  Imt  Hvell  (Miltivatod. 
().  The  manufactnrrs  arc  nunicrons  and  various,  omhra- 

ciiig,  bi'siilt's  oattoii  and  wonlon  goods,  tin.  iron.  Iir.iss.  anil 
other  wares,  whieli  are  seiit  tu  every  part  of  the  Union, 

7.  Tlia;i-;;nids  of  vuiini.'  men  einiLTUte  fntni  C'liimeeticut 
every  year  to  the  Western  Stales,  aiul  heiiig  i:enerally  well 
edneateil  "iiusnal  numher  have  been  elevuted  to  the 

higlie.st  t  n  the  states  to  which  they  have  fzone. 

H.  Yale  c...ie;.'e,  at  New  Haven,  for  many  years  lias  had 
in'ire  -iimieiiiB  tlinn  nnv  other  in  the  Tnired  Stafes. 


2.  The  state  derives  ita  name  from  the  large  and  beauti- 
ful island  of  Rlnide  Island,  in  Narrauans*?!!  bay. 

iJ.  The  burface  is  f,'eiierully  hilly,  and,  in  some  parts, 
rocky. 

■J.  The  soil  in  the  north  is  thin  and  barren,  but  the  rest 
of  the  stale  is  u  good  firazing  country. 

CHIEF    TOWNS. 

PnoviDKVCE.  the  larjiest  town  in  the  state,  and  the  sent 
of  Brnwu  univerHily,  is  on  rroviileiire  river,  at  the  head  of 
tlie  N.W.  ann  of  Nairafrausett  buy,  which  here  fonns  udeep 
aiul  cajiacious  harbor.  It  is  in  the  lieart  of  a  great  mann- 
faclurtng  district,  there  beinj:  several  linndri'd  cotton  ami 
wimlen  mills  on  the  streams  within  15  or  20  miles. 

NKwrour,  a  fiivorite  summer  resort  of  the  wealthy,  is 
near  the  S.W.  extremity  of  the  bejuitiful  and  hii:hly-ciihiva- 
ted  island  of  Hliode  I.-land.  It  has  a  fme  hinbur.  which 
will  julmit  the  Iar;:esi  >hips,  and  has  been  well  forlitied  by 
the  I'.  S.  government. 

Qiifsttotis\ — 1.  Wliat  is  the  coninnrntive  size  of  Ithode  Isl- 
Innil  !  For  what  is  the  state  imteii  i  '.?.  rnmi  what  does  it  de- 
rive its  niinie  !     \i.  What  is  the  face  nf  the  ctunitrv  ?  A.  the  soil? 

Whore  is  Providence,  and  for  what  noted  (  ])o\v  many  cot- 
ton and  woolen  mills  within  20  miles  .'  Where  is  Newport, 
niid  lor  what  noted  ? 


Scale  of  Mllet 
-^       ^1   ..r      ^■■iiilP 


XaDgltudeWwt 


h-   -Vl  l.i.i'1     11  ,1,1, Hill  I- 

31     fromWathlngton  (M  Lom^tin 


QUESTIONS  AND  EXERCISES  ON  THE  MAP. 

To  be  oiujcercd  without  the  hook. 

NEW  YORK.— Wluit  onmitry  on  the  N.  of  Now  York  ?  Cn. 
VVh:it  three  states  ltd  till!  E.  /  \  t.,  Ms.,  <*t.  W'imt  twoori  tlie 
8.  ?  N,  J.,  Pa.  WImt  country  im  the  W.  nrui  N.W.?  Cii. 
What  twu  hikoH  ami  two  rivers  rliviiie  New  Yurk  IVmu  I'liper 
(-amula?  Lakes  Ei*.  and  On.;  nvers  Nn.  and  S.  Le.  Wlial 
lake  between  New  Ynrk  and  Vermont?  ('n.  What  lartrc  isl- 
and tbnns  part  of  the  state,  at  its  S.E.  extremity  ?  ^/j.s.  I.ont^ 
Island.  WImt  iKtdy  of  water  between  Loni,'  hland  and  Cim- 
necticut?     L.  I.  Hd. 

Which  is  the  largest  river  in  the  state  ?  Iln.  Where  does 
the  Hudson  rise  I  Am.  A  littU?  west  of  tlie  south  end  r»f  lake 
C — n.  What  larije  city  at  the  mouth  of  the  Hudson  ?  X.  Vk. 
Which  ia  the  principal  branch  of  the  Hudson  .'  Mk.  What  is 
the  general  course  uf  the  Hudson  ?  What  the  ^'eneral  courne 
of  the  Mohawk  ? 

What  river  crosses  tlie  western  part  of  the  state  from  Penn- 
sylvania to  lake  Ontario  /  Ge.  What  river  disr-harL'i's  the  wa 
ters  of  eiLdit  Kniall  lakes  into  lake  ()nt:trio  ?  Oo.  Name  the 
three  laru'cst  of  the  uiu'ht  lakes.     On.,  C'u.,  Sa. 

What  hiri,'e  river  enters  lake  Ontario  near  its  outlet?  Hk. 
ThrouLdi  what  river  or  strait  do  the  waters  of  lake  Krii?  run  into 
lake  Ontario  /  Na.  What  famous  fallH  in  this  river  t  \Vhat 
large  city  on  lake  Erie  at  it3  outlet  ?  lio.  What  river  »jrui» 
the  outlet  of  lake  Ontario  ?     8.  Le. 

What  is  the  capital  of  New  York?  A  v.  On  wliatrivnr  is  A! 
bany  ?  What  larL'e  city  on  the  other  side  -tf  the  Hudson  a  little 
alxive  Albany,  and  opposite  the  mouth  of  tlie  Mohawk?  Ty. 
What  canal  crosses  the  state  from  Butl'alo  to  Albany?  Ee. 
What  canal  from  Albany  to  the  southera  extremity  of  lake 
Clmmplain  ?     ("u       What  rity  on  the  iJencsee  ri\cr  where  tlie 


Erie  canal  crosses  it  ?  Hr.  Which  way  from  Albiiny  is  New 
York/  BulValo?  Um-hester  ?  lake  Chnmpfaiu?  How  far  is  the 
Hudson  navi^'able  for  steHmboats/     Ty. 

What  mountains  near  Cutskill.  on  the  fKirders  of  (Jreene  and 
rister  fuuntied  ?  01.  What  mouutaiiiK  in  Uulrhess.  Putnam, 
and  Oranu'c  counties,  liimcil  !iy  the  Hudson  at  West  I'oirit  .' 
Hs.  What  mountains  in  E.ssex  county,  we^t  of  lake  t'ham 
plain?  Mn.  What  i.^  the  lui-ht  of  Mt.  Marcy,  the  Jutiheat 
peak  of  the  MoheL'an  mountains  / 

What  parallel  oflatitude  forms  the  northern  Inmndary  (tf  the  : 
state  ?  What  parallel,  part  ot  the  Houtheni  boundarv  ? "  What 
river,  a  pan  of  the  boundary  on  the  side  of  Pennsylvania  ?     De.  , 

To  be  (iHsirrntI  fivm  the  map. 

cuLNTii:s. 

Uead  from  tbe  map  the  names  of  the  foUowinar  countiea,  viz.: 
the  three  on  Loin,'  Island:  c^k.,  Qs.,  Km. — the  three  between 
Hutlson  river  and  Comiectient :  Wr..  Pin.,  Ds.— the  t^vo  he- 
twcer-  Hudson  rivt-r  and  Maswachnsetts :  Ca.,  llr — the  tive  on 
the  west  bank  of  the  HudHon,  between  the  New  Jersev  line  and 
the  miinlb  iif  the  Mohawk:  Hii.,  Oe..  Ur..  Ge.,  Ay.— the  three 
un  the  Hudson,  above  the  Mohawk  :  Sa.,  \S'sn.,  \S'rn. — the  two 
4in  lake  Champlain.  above  lake;  Georue  :  Ex.,  ('n. — the  two  on 
the  .St.  Lawrence  :  .S.  Le.,  Jn. — thi'  seven  on  lake  Ontariti :  .In., 
Oo.,  Cn.,  We.,  Me.,  Os.,  Na. — the  two  on  lake  Erie  :  Ee.,  (U;. — 
the  two  on  Delaware  river:  Hn..  I)e.  the  Kcvni  on  the  Prnn- 
sylvanla  line  :  lie.,  Ta.,  ('-.,  Sn,,  Ay.,  Cs.,  Ce.— the  four  divided 
by  the  Mohawk:  8y..  My,,  Hr.  Oa. 

What  LTcat  river  of  I'cnnsylvania  receives  tlie  waters  of  Ot- 
set?o.  Chenango.  Cortlanrlt.  Broome,  Tiot:a,  Chemung,  and  Jsteu- 
bfu  counties  ?     8a.     What  branch  of  the  8us(iueltanna  intt  r 


sects  CbenaiiL-o  county  ?  Cn.  What  branch  nftbi'  Susfpiolian- 
na  receives  the  w  ateih  of  Stiiibcn  and  CliemunL'  rounties  ?  Ct;. 
Where  does  the  ChemunL'  Join  'lie  SiiH<)iifhanna  ?  Aitf.  At 
As.,  ui  Pennsylvania,  a  tew  miles  S.  of  the  N.  Y.  line.  Where 
dors  the  Su.s<)ui-hanna  rise?      Ann.  In  Oo.  lake  in  Oo,  county. 

What  lake  between  Washington  and  WaiTen  counties  1  (Je. 
Iiitn  what  lake  dues  lake  Gcnr-e  empty,  and  at  what  point  (  Cn 
at  Ta.  What  hnee  island  in  Niaeani  river,  above  the  falls' 
Gd.  What  island  between  Loii:.'  Lsland  and  the  Jersey  shore? 
A/18.  Staten  Island.  What  county  does  8tatcn  Island  (bnu  ? 
ltd. 

nAii.HoAns. 

Describe  the  following  railroads,  viz. : 

1.  Acfc  York  and  Eric  railroad.  Ana.  It  commences  nt  Pier- 
inont,  on  the-  Hudson,  in  Hockland  county,  and  piisKe.'j  tlmmi^di 
every  county  on  the  southem  border  ofthe  state,  uiul  by  the 
towns  of  Gn.,  I)t.,  Bn,,  Oo.,  Ea..  Ci:.,  He.,  and  On.  to  Dk.,  on 
lake  Erie.     N.B.  It  is  only  half  linislierl. 

a.  The  lute  (jf'  rail  roads  f ram  New  York.  Ihrautih  Albany,  to 
Bifjfato.  An.^i.  It  commences  in  the  city  of  New  ^  ork,  and 
|)asses  tlinmLdi  the  counties  of  Wr.,  I'm.!  Ds.,  Ca.,  and  Kr  to 
Albany,  ami  thence  throueii  the  towns  of  Sy..  la..  He..  An..  Ga., 
Ca.,  and  Jlr.  tn  Bullalo,  on  lake  Erie.  N.B.  The  part  between 
New  York  and  Albany  ia  just  commenced;  the  rest  is  lintshed. 

:(.  .n:henecttidi/  atid  Saralot^'a  railroad.  Ans.  It  passes  from 
Scliencctadv  through  B — u  to  Saratoga,  with  a  branch  from 
II_,i  t..  T— y, 

4.  J/ud.son  and  lierkahire  railroad.  Am.  It  passes  from  Hud- 
son city  across  C — a  county  to  the  western  line  of  Massachusetts. 

6.  Oweiro  and  Ithaca  railroad.  Ann.  It  passes  tnan  Owego, 
on  llie  8 — a  river,  to  Ithaca,  at  the  southem  extremity  of  C — u 
lake. 


-p^--  j«i>iiii>iiii]|iim"»"'^ 


15 


"iitrr       11 


^' 


ii 


lu'  Sus<iuolinu- 
■imiitics  ?  (-\'. 
tm ?  Ang.  At 
liiip.  \\'tit;re 
1  Oij.  county, 
'oiiiifics  /  Go, 
lut  point  t  C» 
'vo  tin;  falls  ^ 
Jersey  Blturo? 
Iblaiid  tbiTii  ? 


ences  nt  Pier- 

nBses  tlmitiuh 
I',  und  by  the 
)ii.  to  Vk.,  on 

t'/i  Alhnni/,  to 
■\v  ^  ork.Hiid 
ti.,  tinil  Hr.  to 
111'..  An..  Gil, 
imrt  between 
>ht  ia  llnisliL'd. 
\  plisse.')  t'rnm 
bruncb  ti'om 

ses  from  Hud- 
liiKsacbutietts. 
tntni  Oweuo, 
eniity  of  C — u 


(\.  htnr  ftfnn^f  rnihoad.  Ann.  It  rnriHiK'iK'HH  nt  B — n,  tn» 
Lnni?  UIiuhI,  n|»p(inite  Now  York,  find  |m«(»e«  tlimugli  J— a  uihI 
li— il  ItJ  (> — t,  at  the  eait  end  of  the  iNland. 

Dt^srriho  the  fnllnwihR  rnimln,  viz.: 

1.  /■'nrruHol.  Aim,  It  rnininenii-N  at  H — n,  nn  lake  Krii\  and 
pBB«en  by  the  town*  of  I,t..  Hr,  Ls,,  Hn.,  to  Home,  and  tbi-nru 
liown  the  valh  y  nfihe  MohiiwU,  by  Th.  rind  Sy.,  to  Albany. 

'J.  ('hfiinfj/iiin  rumil.  Aha.  U  i-tirnnienerH  nt  W — I,  at  th<?  H. 
fxtnunity  of  Inkv  (.'hiirn|iliiin,  ititHNeit  uvrr  to  H — y  FI— 1,  on  thi> 
Hiidfiiiri.  nnd  tlienoi!  idonu  the  nankd  of  that  river  to  thti  liiuuth 
of  the  Mohawk,  where  it  iinitei  with  the  Krie  eannl. 

Five  lateral  or  side  rnnals  connect  (he  Krie  canal  with  im- 
portant naviuahle  walerd:  de.'<eribe  (hem,  beqinninif  in  the  east. 

An^.  1,  Chentnn!"  rnnui,  fmni  riicti,  in  a  H.W".  direction 
thromrh  the  valley  of  tlic  ('beiiniiL.'o  to  H — n,  on  the  H — a. 

'*»,  lituck  llivtr  aimil,  fnim  Home  to  Leyden,  uii  the  Ulauk 
river. 

3.  (hu'cffo  canal,  from  S — o  to  Oswetro,  on  lake  O^*. 

A.  Caifutja  nnd  Srnrru  rtinn/.  from  Montezuma  to  theoutletfi 
of  rayu«a  and  Seneca  hikes,  which  hist  in  connected  at  its 
doiithern  extremity  by  tlie  Clifmuuff  vanal  with  a  branch  of  the 
HiiHtiuehannii. 

.1.  (icftt'ii-i'  fnmil,  fi-nm  Rochester  up  the  valley  of  the  Oene 
■ee  60  ur  70  milcB,  and  then  lu'rosf*  to  U — n,  oa  AUu^lumy  rivor 

What  town  on  the  Ifudunn  at  the  east  end  nf  ibfl  N.  Y.  and 
Krio  railroa<l  ?  I't. :  at  the  emHiHintt  of  the  HiKblimiU  7  W.  |*t.  : 
just  al«ive  tlui  niublaud.i  !  Nij. :  nt  the  caat  en<l  of  the  Hndann 
and  Dclnware  cuniil  f  Kn. :  at  the  went  end  of  the  railroad  in 
t'dlumbia  county  ?  Hn. :  on  the  ri«bt  bank,  a  little  below  the 
mouth  of  the  Mohawk  }  Ay. :  on  tho  letl  bank,  opposite  tht; 
mouth  of  the  Mohawk  1  Ty. 

yVtiut  town  on  (he  Erie  ranaf  nt  the  meetinc:  of  rnilrnnds  fnim 
Albany  and  SaratOKa  f  Sy. :  nt  the  junction  of  tho  CheiioiiL'o 
canal/  Ua.:  at  the  Junction  of  the  Black  River  canal  ?  Hi'.:  at' 
the  junction  of  the  Onwetfo  canal  ?  Se. :  at  the  junction  of  the 
Cayiii^a  and  Seneca  cnnnl  ?  Ma. :  at  the  crosdini;  of  Geneitee 
river  T  Ur. :  at  the  end  of  a  railrond  from  Nint.'arB  falls  /  Lt. 

What  form  on  the  N.  V.  and  Krie  rai/nntdline  at  the  meet- 
ini?  with  tho  Chennnu'o  cnnnl  'f  Bn. :  nt  the  junction  of  the  rail- 
road from  Ithaea  ?  Oo.  :  nt  the  ineetiuL'  with  the  Cheumn?  ca- 
nal? Kn.:  lit  the  junciioii  of  the  BlnBMbur^'  rnilrond?  Cu'.  :  nt 
the  meetinu'  with  tlie  Genesee  canal  !  On. :  at  the  western  ex- 
tremity f  L)k. 

WhiU  toivn  on  lake  ChampJain  nt  the  jinictinn  of  the  Cham- 
plain  ennnl  }  VVl:  nt  the  outlet  of  hike  George  ?  Tu.  :  on  the 
peiiiufluhi  a  little  N.  of  Ticonileruya  \  C.  i't. ;  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Saranao  ?  I'l'. 

What  town  on  the  St.  Lawrence  near  the  mouth  of  the  Os- 
weuatcbie  f  Oir.  Whnt  harbor  on  lake  Ontario  near  the 
mouth  of  Black  river  ?  S.  Hr.  What  town  on  lake  Ontario  at 
the  mouth  of  O.swcl'O  river  and  cunal  .'  Oo.  What  lan.'e 
town  at  the  K.  end  of  lake  Krie,  ntrar  the  egress  of  iNiagara 
river?     Bo. 

What  toirnal  the  out  Iff.  yt^  Cnnnndfiimm  lake?  Cn.:  of  CnHtk- 
ed  lake  f  I*.  Yn.:  near  the  outlet  of  Seneca  lake  ?  Gn. :  at  the 
outlet  of  Owasco  lake  ?   An, :  at  the  outlet  (if  Otseijo  Inke  /    (.'u. 

What  lan<e  town  on  Loni,'  Island  opposite  N't^w  York  ?  Bn. 
What  towns  near  the  east  end  of  Long  Island,  on  liurbors  in 
Gardiner's  buy  /     S.  Hr.,  Gt. 

NEW  YORK. 

Pqilnrc  miles.  in.'JJO.— I'opiilntinn,  2,(*','.lJI._:',ip.  to  h\,  m..  W. 

1.  New  York  is  the  first  state  in  I  lie  Union 
in  population,  coninieree,  and  ]ml)iio  improve- { 
ments. 

2.  Him-  rnnnis  mid  raili-niids  nro  cm  a  Rniiiil  sculo,  aiul  cil' 
greater  value  tlian  tliu-ne  of  any  itllier  .state. 

;t.  The  JIikUoii  river  and  Krie  eairnl  rciriii  nii  iininter- 
nipted  line  of  water  enniniuliiiatirin  tliroiii.'h  tlii'  heart  iil' 
tlie  Btale.  fniiu  the  .Vtlaiitie  iiei'an  tii  the  ii|i|ier  lakes. 

4.  This  f;reat  riviT  and  eanal  are  ennneeled  liy  liranell 
ranals  im  the  .smith  with  the  rivers  ttelaware.  Siisiiiiehaniia. 
and  .yllegliuiiy.aiid  mi  the  mn-tli  with  lakes  rhaiii|ilain  unci 
thitario. 

5.  The  eciiintry  near  tlii'  en.stern  frontier  in  inonntainous. 
heinu  tmver.sed  liy  the  IliL'lilanil.  CatHkill,  and  .Mcihe^'an 
nuifjes;  liiil  the  rest  of  the  sl.ite  is  either  level  or  nierelv 
imdiilalinj;,  except  ni-ar  the  rennsylvania  honndarv,  where 
it  is  hilly. 

li.  Tlie  soil  is  generally  good,  espeeially  in  the  western 
distriet,  a  large  part  of  which  is  fini'lv  adapted  to  the  growth 
of  wheat,  the  staple  prodiiclion  of  the  st.ite. 

7.  New  ViM-k  is  di.stingnished  f,u-  siililinie  and  lirantiliil 
imtnral  M-enery.  the  falls  of  Niagara,  on  her  western  frontier, 
heing  thc'  grandest  in  tlic>  world,  while'  Trenton  falls,  ami' 
lakes  (ieorge,  Cayuga,  and  Seneca,  aru  uilmired  fur  tl-:'- 
beamy  hy  every  traveler. 

8.  The  miiienil  springs  of  Saratoga  and  Pallston  are  the 
resort  in  siiniiner  of  the  gay  and  liishionalih'  from  all  parts 
of  die  I'uiled  States,  and  the  waters  are  e.vported  e.vlensive- 
ly  to  otln>r  countries. 

f).  The  salt  springs  of  Onondaca  are  the  strongest  in  the 
tTiiian.  and  supply  n  laryepart  of  the  state,  uial  of  the  \V.:.,1- 
I'ni  States,  with  .salt. 

to.  The  Dutch  were  the  original  settlers  of  New  York; 
liut  two  thirds  of  the  present  inhaliitanls  are  emigninis  from 
New  Kngland,  or  their  desceiid.uiis. 


N  R  \V    YORK. 


NIAOAUii    VMA.n. 


S3 


At  ii«  pIIImx  from  hike  Krie,  Mnimm  river,  llirrr  nimrler* 
"I  a  mile  widi-,  and  from  ID  to  (ID  fret  de.p,  llow»  with  n 


current  of  7  miles  an  liuiir  .\s  it  proceeds.  Ihe  river  wid- 
ens, and  imhosoiiis  (hand  and  Navy  Island,,  which  lermiii- 1  ni'.wof-TO  mile,  went  of  H  r 
ate  m  heaiitilul  point-  a  mile  and  a  half  ahove  the  fall..  Be- ' 
low  tho  islands  are  rapids,  which  extend  a  mile,  Uj  the  prBt- 
ipice,  111  which  spacu  the  river  desiends  ,07  feet.  At  the 
precipice  it  is  three  foiirtha  of  a  mile  wide,  II. •re  Ooat  inl- 
and divides  the  river  into  two  channels;  and  the  cliaiiiiel 
between  Goat  island  anil  the  eastern  or  .\meiicaii  slmro  in 
also  divided  by  a  small  island.  (Jver  the  precipice  the  riv- 
er lulls  perpendiciilariy  about  Kill  feet.  .Much  ihe  greater 
part  of  the  water  passes  in  the  chaiine!  betweiMi  (ioat  island 
and  the  Canada  shore,  ami  this  tall  is  calleil.  from  its  shape 
the  Horseshoe  fall.  Between  fioat  island  ami  the  small  isl- 
uihI  111  the  eastern  channel  the  stream  is  only  H  or  10  yards 
wide,  toniiing  a  beaiitihil  casiadi'.  Hetweeii  this  small  isl- 
and and  the  .Siiiericaii  shore  the  sheet  of  water  is  broad 
iiiid  the  descent  greater  by  a  few  feet  than  at  the  ilorsi'shoi' 
tail,  but  the  stream  is  comparatively  shallow.  The  best 
single  view  of  the  falls  is  IVo.,i  Tal.l.;  Itock,  on  tho  Caniula 
shore  anil  the  best  view  of  the  rapids  is  from  Coat  islami, 
which  IS  ingenioasly  connected  by  a  bridgi'  with  the  east- 
ern shore. 


I  li"  iilv  >iiu  wll'imHl  much  froiii  »ire«  i  Hiid  at  llio  anM 
Mre  III  Hi;),-,,  mora  thnn  flOO  iiii>ri'»,  with  their  coiilents,  y»t 
uiHl  at  »',Ml.nnO,000,  mid  covering  110  wren  of  ground,  were 
coiisnnied  in  a  single  night. 

The  city  la  au|>pliei|  with  water  from  Crotnii  river,  in  the 

iioriherii  part  of  VVestchest.r  c ity,  bv  an  aipiednct  41 

lliUeii  long,  complnted  in  lU  I.',  at  an  I'xpense  of  I'^.OUO  01)0 
(lollars. 

At  »*xr,  the  capital,  on  tho  west  bank  of  the  Hudson,  n 
lew  miles  below  the  miailh  of  the  Mohawk,  at  the  (ermin- 
"ling  |>oinl  of  the  Krie  aiul  Champliiin  canals,  ami  of  s«v- 
uriU  riiilroiuls,  In  im  old,  wealthy,  triiding  town. 

Ainoiitf  till)  othor  towns  nre, 

\\i;l  I'tiiiit  Ihu  lent  of  Ihe  inililsrv  ncmleniy  of  the  MmuA 

v""7^"'  "~"  ^"'''^  '"  ''"'  "'"bhiinli; 

Srii'lmrg.  tin,  ilepei  of  h  Hiui  grmiiiif  cuuntrj— on  the  H— n, 
»  little  iilsivii  West  Point; 

I'liiillhkrriiw,  the  depot  ,if  a  rich  ngriciiltiiral  and  niaiaifsrtur- 
1111/  ilislma— in  I)— •  county,  on  H— n  river ; 

lliiilniiii.  a  trailiiiif  Uiwn.'wilh  sevoral  ships  in  thn  wlmlo  fish- 
"'Xjr""        "  "'"''■'  '"  ''~"  coantv; 

rrni)  tho  aiiat  of  an  active  trade,  and  numerom  fartorios— 
on  the  II— n,  at  thu  head  of  slisii,  uavi.iiiion  ; 

Srhnerlnilu,  an  ancient  Licitcli  town,  tin;  aoat  of  I'liion  col- 
Ibkc— iMi  M— k  river ; 

/  'nrri,  tlin  great  central  thoroughfare  of  tho  itatn— in  O— a 
county  on  M— k  river , 

.Si/rfinitf  and  Siilinn.  isited  for  »xteniive  aalt  worka— ou 
OiionilaKa  lako  and  E— e  cunal ; 

Auburn  thn  inat  of  one  of  tho  atatepriioni— on  O— o  lake, 
at  lis  outlet; 

Hmlirtirr,  fnmoua  for  Ihe  largrst  flour  milla  in  the  world— on 
u— o  river,  ni'ar  Ita  innutli ; 

iM-kihirt,  whern  the  Kriu  canal  ilescends  bv  fivp  rtnnble  locka 
frcuii  Ihe  hiTel  of  Inke  Krie,  and  furnulics  an  iiumeiiic  walcr- 


niiKF   rowN^. 

New  VoiiK,  the  iirsi  commercial  cilv  in  America,  is  ail- 

miralily  siluati-d  lor  trade,  at  the  inoulli  of  the  V  idson,  on 

a  spacious  bay,  which  forms  one  of  the  finest  harbors  in  the 

About  two  Ihirds  of  the  tliiei,.'ii  goods  consumed  in 

_  ;"  i"i' imported  here,  and  till'  revenue  to  the  r, 

^;  "'""' ', "  ""  ''"■'"  ''■'■"  '"■'■"  i"  '*""i''  vears  ^•JD.linij.oiio. 

Ifegidar  lines  ot  packi'ts  connect  New  Vork  with  Ihe  priii- 
npal  p,als  in  the  Southern  States,  West  Indies,  and  S.  Ainer- 


world. 

Hie  V.  State 


I  ic;i,  anil  with  I, nnd 


iml  lla 


"■iHivrt, 


HiiJ'<ilii.  the  coinniercinl  emporiiini  of  the  vast  country  on  the 
ajipiT  hikes— <in  K— e  hike,  near  its  outlet : 

< )>irru,,  [U,.  prii,ci|iiil  coiniiieiciul  port  of  lake  Ontario-at  tlio 
inoiitli  ot  (I— o  river  ; 

K'l'-l<-irH  llnrhnr,  the  naval  station  of  the  raited  Stntes  on 
lake  111  iirio  .hirinu'  the  Inst  war  with  (Jrciit  Dritnni— near  Hi.) 
inoiitli  r,f  II— k  rivi'r ; 

Vliitlthidn,  faniotis  for  the  naval  hiittle  of  Peptomber  Jllh 
Ifll.  in  «  ilch  the  Aniericnn  Meet,  under  M'TJonoac-h,  captured 
a  Hrilisli  tle,,t  o|  supi'nor  li,rcC-oii  hiko  (j— n,  at  the  muuth  of 

■j;,n>i<hrne,i  I'mnf.  a  famous  niilitarj-  position  in  the  old 
h  riuich  nnd  Indian  wars-on  lake  C— n,  at  the  outlet  of  lake 

Hniiikhin.  the  seat  of  a  V .  States  imvvvnrd.  on  bone  Island 
opiHisite  New  York,  nnd  ceainected  with  It  by  four  ferries. 


Qi„«/i„.M.-l_  la  wlinl  points  is  New  York  Ihe  first  state  in 
till-  1  icloii^  V,  How  do  hcrciiunlM  nml  railroads  compare  in  val- 
u,.  with  those  „1  other  slates  I     ;l.  Whnt  river,  nnd  what  cnnnl 

0| a  llllML-dhle  C, :     .     .,  ...  .. 

Iniilic  to  till'  Inkei  i 
conia'cl,',!  Willi  th,'  K 


Krie  canal  by 


Ihcr  slates  f      ;l. 
luliiUMieiition  tliroui;li  the  slate  from  the  At- 
■I.  What  L-reat  riv.us  in  I'eiinsylvniiin  are 
'  canal  and  Hudson  river  bv  bi-niich  ca- 
nals '     W  hill  hiri;e  hikes  are  ciaiiiected  with  tin     ' 
hranch  caiiids  ' 
:■.    \Uiiil  !■:  ihc  fiirr  nf  llic  riinnlni  near  [\u^  eastern  frontier  ' 

in  the  r.-st  ot  Ihe  siiiie  u'enernlly  ?  iicnr  the  Pe vlvatiin  bouiid- 

nry       I,    W  hat  is  the  soil  '  the  slnjile  nroduclio'n  ? 

V,  Whnt  .ch-hinlcil  w rinlls  nre  in  tins  sinte  '    Whnt  lakes 

nr.,  .•elehrnlcd  for  their  heiiiity  }  ".  What  celebrated  niinerni 
spnnus  III  this  static  (  !l.  What  rcdebrnli  d  snll  sprincs  ?  What 
pnrts  of  the  country  nro  supplied  Willi  snlt  tVoni  tlnouilnira  salt 
spriiiL's  t 

U).  Who  wer,'  Ihe  first  white  srttlers  of  New  Y'ork  ?     Vroni 

whnt  coiiritty  iIkI  th,'  mn|onty  of  the  present  inhnbitanls  ronie  t 

vS  hich  is  the  larL'i'sl  city  in  the  sliiie  I     Where  is  New  York 

city,  and  lor  wlint  is  it  I'm is  /     Whnt  is  Ihe  ehnraeter  of  its 

luirl,.,r  '     II. nv  larire  a  portion  of  the  toreien  l' Is  ciuLsuaied  in 

the  I  iiiIitI  .-ilni,.,  ,ir,.  iinpoi-leil  her,- ;'  What  ports  are  r.ai 
neilerl  with  .Niw  York  by  reciihir  lines  nf  nm-k.-iB  I  WM.w.lj 
lei-    111.-    till,.'    niosi    losliy  public    huildini:s  ''      What  Was   the 

aniounl  ot  l.i.s  m  ihe  yreat  tire  in  l«l," 

plied  Willi 


How  is  the  city  aup- 


W  hilt  is  the  cnpitnlorihestnte  '     Where  is  Alb 


vlint 

1,'ewli 


any,  nrul  ftir 


is  it  iioleil  '     Where,  and  f.r  »li;il  noted.  WcJt  P,>iii[  f 


84 


NEW    JERSEY   AND    PENNSYLVANIA. 


'  (lull 


I  lliu  Ui'liiwiirK,  iippiiilK'  I'liiliiili'l'   UhI  III'  tlio  KliilD,  mill  fun 
pliJH,  mill  piiiRt's  thniiiuh  HI' 


im  fur  tliii  victory  iif  Wwhliigton 
111  iiikI  H  il'ii  nvnr  ill"  Ilrilmh  iiimI  llrMinim  ill  l*7tl. 
Auiliiiy,  lit  lliu  iiuiulli  ui  ihi>  lliiiiiiiM,        jWiivuA,  nil  llii'  rii"iiic.  II  iiiili'*  I'liiiii  Ni'Wwk  Imv,  U  Ihfl 

wli.iHi'  »liiiiiniri  |iiui  Ihruugli  llic  KilU]  ||,f„,.,t  iiiwii,  niiil  iililiriiliil  Inr  ill iiiiiiliutiiri'  iif  iliiiM 

mill  iHl'rillk'i''.  mill  '"i  ll"'  i  "li'i  "iml"  in  lliat  viiiiilly. 

I'lillerii'H,  nil  III!'  riiKKilii',  111  it"  liiwir  tiillii,  la  iiiik  iif  tlin 
iiiimt  iiiiiiiiiluiii  iiiniiiir<irtiiriii|i  liiwim  In  lliu  U.  Hlittim,  i 


to  N.'w  York 

I     u.  AVic  Jrr>ri)  rollniml.     ^1'.  It  iiiiii  , 
:  iiii'Mi'ia  nt.li'i'ni'v  I'ilv.  iiinl  pniiii'a  tliruiiuli  i 

Nk.,  Kii..  mill  lU.,  ill  'rii'iilMii 


Wliiit  li.iir  riiilnm.l«  bruiKh  from  llm    i»  imli'il  i'"|»'<  inlly  tin-  il«  i  I'tlmi  mill". 
Ni'W  .Ii'mry  niilniiiil  f  Sftr  ItnttiHirirk.itn  li— iirivrr,  in  tlii<  flrnt  nf  HiltKori  cultcfftt, 

.l/i<   I    Kiiiiii  II  piiliit  notr  Jeraey  city   ,^,\  „| ,,  |i,.|iirnioil  Dnh  li  llu-iiliiuiiiil  ni'iiiinnry. 


til  i'llltiTSUII. 

•J.  Kiiiiii  Ni'wurli  lliroiiijli  Cm.  to  Miir- 
riiitiiwn. 
.1,  Kiiiin  Kliialvillitown  to  Kimiprvillc. 
4.  FtBin  Trenton  tn  Uorduiitiiwn.  I 

TOWSIl.  I 

Wlitif  town  nn  the  S.  Jcrnfi/  nnlrotnl,  nt 
itn  iMnli^ni  ti-niiiimtliiii '  J-  I'v, :  nt  the 
cmiiiiinif  iillliii  I'nKniiii' )  Nk. :  ilfow  inili'l 
8,W.  1)1  Ni'wnrk  (  Kii  ;  nt  tlui  cruniiiiil 
ol'tlm  llnrilniif  »■  Hk  :  »t  tlio  wmti'liil 
on  til"  IJclnwnre  I  Tii 

IIVki/  loifn  on  Ihr  Dilnimre,  at  llio  low 
or  l«ll«.  jiHt  nlKivo  tlin  uTi'at  lii'nil  I  Tii  i 
nt  thi'  L-riMil  lii'iiil  /  H'll'n  :  jmt  liplriw  tin- 

j  L-riMit  liiiiil  I   Uln:   op|Hi«ile    I'liilailfl 
plilii  I  ('II. 

H7i(//  /"ten  1"!  Ihf  Rarilnn.  nt  ita 
imiutli  '  Av. :  nt  tlia  head  of  liiivinntioii, 
whi'rii  the  Diilnwura  and  llaritnv  caiiul 

j  tcriiiinntea  I  N.  Bk. 

I      What  liiree  toivi  on  Ike  Puntme,  ncnr 

litnnimuhf  Nk.     Wlinttinvii  ntthe  fnlla, 
wlieru  n  rnilioad  liuni  Jeracy  city  toniii- 

,  natca  I  I'li. 


I'riinrhiii,  tin-  ai'llt  nl'  llii'  rnlieu'e  iif  Ni'W  Jeraey,  and  a  I'ri-a 
'  liylerinii  liii'nliiuii-ni  ai'niiiinr>.  ninl  niid'il  I'nr  n  vittniv  "t  Wuall- 
iiiljtiiii  Dvnr  the  Ilriliali  in  1(77,  ia  10  inilea  N  K  ol  T — a. 


QUESTIONS  AND  EXERCISES  ON  THE  MAP. 

NEW  .lEU.-iKY.— Wliiit  Btnto  (in  llie  \.  nl'  New  .lemov? 
Whnt  stntc  nnd  wlmt  wiilir  iiii  tliu  E.  1  Wliiit  wiiter  on  llie 
S.W'.'  U'lintslsti'iinthc  W.  ?  Wlmt  river  spiinrntis  the  atiite 
from  Pi'linsvlvuniii .'     Wlmt  river  sepnriites  it  fiiiln  New  York  ' 

■Wlmt  islmid  lietwceli  the  .lerney  shoie  nnd  Loiiu'  lalnnil  >. 
Sn.  Id.  Wlint  liny  imnli  "'  'li''  N.W.  point  nf  Sinten  Island  } 
Ans.  Newark  hay.  Wlmt  hnv  on  the  NE.  of  .Slnten  Islnnd  ? 
ylK,5.  New  York  tinv.     Wlml  bay  on  the  S.E.  (.rStiiten  Isimid?  |      ^     j    ,     ,       nevoliitionarv   wnr,   this   stato,  for    wvornl 

Hii.     What  strii  tninneiis  Rurilan  hnv  with  .Newark  nml  New        "'unnr,  ".    ,.,,,,.■,,,•,;,    i    („„„.;„„„„„„;,... 

York  bnva  \     An>.  The  Kills.     Whiit -strait  hetween  I.oii:,'  nnd    >'™T.  "US  ncenpieii  l,y  the  Unt.-li  and  AnioiK  ui  iir 

Staten  Islands  eonneetiim'  New  York  bay  with  the  ocean  I    Ns. ;  ami  in  iimportioii  to  iiopnlain.n  a.i.l  w-onllh.  her  ln.^8  in  men 

N.n-Tlie  n™™.-  ycu.,rk  hn,,  .Yr»,  For;!  I,a«.  nnd  ./,.  A',;;,,  are  not  '""1  r'l'crty  was  greater  llian  that  "f  ""V  oilier  stale.     At 
onihe  map,  hilt  lire  readily  idcntitied  from  the  description.  iiiiiu  lime  the  New  .lersey  mililia  cuiiatitutcil  the  prmeiiial 

What  cape  nt  the  sonthem  extremitv  of  New  .Jersey  '    My.  i  rt'e"K'j' "'' \\■''«.1''"''•'•"»'^'V'"'>■•  .,      ,        „  . 

Whnt  famous  eapc  on  the  S.  side  of  tho  entrance  of  Ilaritau  i      2.    1  lie  coarf  islinc.l  with  Ion,!;, muTow  wlamla.     Hetween 
bay  ?     .SY.  Hk.  I  'lie  ishimls  anil  tlr 

What  river  drnins  the  CTenter  part  of  Pnssnie  nnd  Morris    with  sea-marsh  anil  swaliips. 


enuiities.  nnd  elii|ilies    into    Newnrk   hny  ?     Pe.     What   river 
drains  the  ^Tenter  part  of  Middlescs,  .Somerset,  and  Hmiterdon 
countiea,  and  empties  into  llaritiiti  hny  ?     Rn. 
To  he  answered  from  the  map. 


COf.V'TlES. 

Whnt  county  at  the  southern  extremity  of  the -.tnte?    Ce.  My. '      „„„  .  ,,,„  i-ii,.  „, 
Wlint  other  county  on  Delaware  bav?    Cd      Wlmt  seven  eoun-    liarrcn  ;  tlie  hill)   » 
lieson  Delaware  river!    What  three  on  the  northern  boiiiidary  ?    ainolis  (li.slnct  l.s  a  line  ^'la/.iii 
What  eight  un  the  eastern  border  ?     What  two  in  the  interior?  i      (i.  Garden 

C.tSAI.S. 

Describe  the  fullowin 
1.   The  Morris  canal. 
poaite  New  Y'ork,  nnd  passes 


liiittie  fij  I'nncttiiit. 

Freehntit.  the  ahiretown  of  Muimiuuth  county,  ia  noted  (or  the 
battle  of  Monmouth  in  1778. 

Amlto^,  noted  fur  ita  flue  harlKir,  is  nt  the  mouth  of  II — n  river. 

/.onir  Ilrntich,  a  favorite  reaoit  of  the  I'hiladelpliinna  Ihr  aui- 
bntliiiig,  ia  on  the  aensliore,  a  li^w  iiiilea  aouth  of  Handy  llook. 

QtteHttom. — 1.  For  whnt  ia  New  .Jersey  noted  7  2.  Whntpo- 
eulinrity  on  the  conM  *  3.  Whnt  hnrbors  between  Cape  \Iay 
and  Saiiily  IIiKik  (  4.  Face  of  the  country  7  5.  Hoi  17  0.  Aij 
ricultural  productions?  7.  Mineral  production?  H.  What  large 
coiiuuereial  city  ?  How  ia  her  traiie  carried  on  7  U.  Chief  uc* 
eupatiuna  of  the  people  ? 

Where,  and  for  what  noted,  is  Trenton  7  Newnrl,  7  4e. 

QUESTIONS  AND  EXERCISES  ON  THE  MAP. 

PENNSYLVA.NIA.— Whnt  state  on  the  N.  of  Peniisylvnnia? 

What  state  on  the  E.  7     Wlmt  three  statca  on  the  S.  I     What 

I  two  states  on  the  W.I     What  parnllel  of  Intiliide  tbrnia  tho 

Inortheni  iKiuiidai'y  ?     What  lake  tuuehea  tho  N.W.  comer? 

Ee. 
'  Whnt  river,  ruimiiiu:  in  a  ziezai;  line  like  llie  letter  W,  aenn- 
rates  the  stale  IVian  .New  Y'ork  und  New  .leraey  !  De.  What 
L'reat  river  riin.s  entirely  across  the  suite  from  New  York,  in  a 
I  zii-'zau  courao  like  an  N,  into  Mnryliilid  ?  Hn.  What  ureut 
river  ill  the  western  part  ol'  the  state,  foniied  hy  two  hrani'hea, 
one  from  New  Y'ork,  nnd  the  other  from  Viruinin  ?     ()o. 

What  iwo  rivers  iinile  to  lonn  the  Ohio  I  Ay.  nnd  Mn.  Wlint 
two  ereiit  trihiitaries  nf  the  Siisiiileluilinn  froin  this  stale  ?  Wl. 
Hh.  nnd  ,ln.  Wlmt  three  large  tribulariea  of  the  Delaware? 
.<1  .  I-h  .  I.ii. 

How  laruc  a  part  of  the  atnte  ia  drnined  by  the  Ohio  7     Am 
Alsint  one  third.    How  larL;e  a  part  by  the  Suai^uchaaiia?    Am. 
AlHiiit  one  half, 
mainland  lU'c  shallow  liava,  boideie.l !  ,  '•\l"''  ■•»■"•"'  "f  nionntaina  eiitera  the  atnte  below  Ka«l^"  "" 

I  the  Delaware.  ai;il  proceeds  h.W  .  hy  ItenihliL;  on  tlio  fcirl,u;,lHlII, 

hclow  Hnrrishiirunn  the  Siisiniehaniia,  nnd  bet w   en  Aditi.  .t  a-.d 

Franklin  ciaiiitiea  into  Mary  hind?    .Ii/ii.  The  It     i  II  -i      What 

,  ranue  nt  niiiiiiitains  cniuinenees  neiii-  the  .\.F..  ( .  :ii(  i  ui  .h<  atnte, 

The  sniulieni  half  of  the  state  is  low  anil  level  ;  the    crosses  the  Sus(|iieliani.a  nl  Towumhi,  the  West  Hrnneh  of  the 

us()inrliaiiim  at  FairaiidsviUc,  nnd  passes  hetween  Hedtord  and 
Somerset  counties,  into  .Maryland  ?     Ay.     \\'Iihi  is  the  idiarnc. 


I  NEW  JERSEY. 

.«i|iinrr  ulUe«,  79 18.— Populntion,  37;l,;)0ll.— Pop.  to  sr].  m.,  47. 

!  1.  New  Jersey  is  noted  for  Iwr  siitlerings, 
fulelity.  ami  putriolisiii  in  the  Revokitimiiu-y 
i  war,  and  for  several  memorable  battles. 


essela  from  Sanilv  i  i 


;).  There  is  nn  ponil  liiudior  for  lur^ 
Hoidt  In  Cape  Mav 

4     " 
nortlierii  half  hilly,  unil  the  e.\tieme  iiurlhern  part  mount 
aiiious. 


cnniitry 
o.  U.K. Hit.   .isclaliles.  iippli's,  iieaehes,  and  other  fine 
fruits,  ure  raiseil  in  aliimilu.ee  i"  'lie  liilly  section  for  the 
I  New  York  and  Philadel.dila  '^larii   ts 
canals,  VIZ. :  t„„„,.„!,,.  „„  '      7.  Tfon  is  made  in  lurfre  (i  .caa' itj'M  Iroin  the  :re,  particu- 

An!i.  It  conmiciires  nt  .Tersev  eit^',  op-    ,,..,.  .       '^      '  * 

bvthetownsofNk.  nnd  Pn..  and    I'lrlym  .Mm.-iseoinity.  „      .      , 

throu'.di  MniTis  coiiniy  in  Delaware  river,  opposite  the  mouth  of       D.  New  Jeis(;y  Ims  ii.     ..ft;o  eni.,iii.rcua  c;iy.     Her  trade 
the  I.idiiLdi      Thmu.yii  this  canal  the  Lehii-di  coal  ia  brought  to   is  .iirneil  on  chieHy  throui.'1  tlio  (►.•i-ta  of  Now  York  and 


5.  The  aonlhem  part  of  the  state  is  chiefly  a  samlv  pine  j  ter  of  the  i;ountry  hetween  the  Hliie  llidu-e  and  ihe  Alleehany 
- tioii  has  a  good  soil;  and  the  liiomit-   mountiima  ?     /l(i.s.  it  is  traversed  by  numi.ioiis  parallel  ndgoi 


the  .New  Y'ork  market, 
a.    'J'he  DeJinvfirr  tiiul 
New  Brunswick  on  the    Rnritan 


'  Philadelphia 


I).  The  peojile  are  occupied  chiefly  in  fanning!  but  there  .  Muiiu,|g„in.lu  (  p~g 


of  mountains. 

Where  is  the  nnthrncite  eonl  reeion  of  Pennsylvnnin  7  An*. 
It  is  the  country  about  the  head. waters  of  the  backawaxen. 
Lehigh,  and  ticliuylkill  rivers. 

To  be  anstrered  from  the  mop. 
What  seven  counties  on  the  norlhern  himlidarv  7    What  seven 
on  Delaware  river?     What  nine  on  the  soiithein  houndary  7 
What  six  on  the  western  hounihiry  ?  Ac. 

W'hot  town  nt  Ihe  fnnetton  nf  the  Schuylkill  and  Didaware  7 
Pa.:  nftlie  Lidiiub  and  Delaware  ?  Kii.  :"nf  the  Alleehany  niul 


B'd  u  on  the  Delaware.     Il  is  a  sio<..p 
deep. 

n.4lI.ROAD9. 

Describe  the  foUiiwing  railroads,  viz. : 
1.  tV/W(i(/i  aa<i. Iratoi/ railroad.     Ans 


ill.  and  pnsses  through  Tn.  to  j,^^,  M.v|.,.al  large  manufacturing  towns  in  the  N.E.  part  of 
sli^.p  eaiiaL  75  feet  wl.le  and  7      ,  , 


of  lleaver  river  and  the  tJliio  ?  Br. 

CIN'AI  S 


CIIIKF    T0WS3. 


I  1.  Canah  in  the  Vollii/  of  Delmeare. 

C'nnala  nlniie  the  banks  of  the  Schuylkill.  Lehiiih 
I  wnxcii  open  the  imviL'atlnn  frnni  the  mouths  nf  th' 


It  commences  at  Cam         Tren/m,  on  the  D— e  river,  at  the  lower  falls,  is  Ihe  cap- 1  the  Didaware  to  the  coal  region  at  their  anurces. 


, nnd  Lnekn 

'Se  rivers  in 
A  cBiial  niao 


'  WaihlBgtim 

rk  Imy,  U  thn 
tiirt*  nf  gliiir* 
h-iiiity. 

J.  Hlitti'it,  luiil 

itt^ori  cullrgtt, 

>y.  mitl  a  IVfi- 
tiiiy  m(  Wuall- 
ul  T— a. 


t 


^ 


iii  iKited  tor  thfl 

hnf  11 — n  river. 
Ipliiaiii  tor  loa- 
t  Haii'ly  lI(A)k. 
7     2,  WhntPo- 
vvn  Ctipt'  Mny 

I.  Koil?     6.  Ag- 
H.  What  large 

i7     M.  Cljiofoo- 

-varl;  7  &r, 

HE  MAP. 

riNMinHvlvftniat 
ili.-sJ  What 
ituih-  tbrms  tlio 
N.W.  comer? 

litter  W,  drpa- 
•  f  iJr.  What 
Nrw  York,  in  a 

II.  What  urcat 
v  two  hrutit  hux, 
nil/     Ou. 

;iri.lMu.   What 

hiBMtllll'  f       Wt. 

tho  I)fhiware  1 

he  Oliio?     An» 

|uch;uir!a?    Ant. 

)elt)w  I'.nfitnti  oil 
mthofci,l,M.^miII. 
ttf.'-rh  Aihn.  *  aiuj 
-fli  -/.  Whet 
Jllii'i  ui  An  Ktato, 
'ht  Hrriiich  of  thi; 
■I'l'i)  Bi'iltoril  and 
liHf  is  the  rliarac 
III  thi'  Allri-'hany 
IK  piirullul  ridgui 

iflvlvntiiii?  Ans. 
hu  Luckawaxen. 


r\  ?  Whiit  seven 
llierii  hdundary? 

1  iihd  l)i'hi\vare  ^ 
111'  Alh-L'huuy  aiul 
IJliitW  Ur. 


■are. 

'hiL'h,  and  Lackft- 
111'  ihi'Sf  rivcrd  in 
vs.     A  (Qnal  alio 


I 


lassi'i  rnim  Knsl..ii,  al  tin-  iikmuIi  ui  Ihv  L.'liij;li.  ■I"«;i]  llif  wfU 
milk  iif  thi!  D.'lawiu-e  Ki  lliUUil,  h.'luw  wlucl,  llio  riviT  l>  imv 

iaiililu  for  Sl'U  VI'SHI'IS.  .        •   ,     r,     1  ! 

Tlio  LiiekuwuM'ii  coiial  ia  r,Mm.-ct.>a  witl.  Iluiljon  nviT  In 
tho  IJ— u  iinil  II— H  "Miiiiil  in  N.w  York  ;  mill  llu-  I.flui,'h  canal 
witll  tho  Slum!  rivLT  liy  lliu  M— s  riliml  iu  Ni-w  .liTS.-y.  | 

8.  Ciinah  iu  Ihc  Viilltii  nf  llic  Sus'/urliiiiinii.  | 

A  rnnnl  ooininniiTs  in  Mnrvlaml.  ni'iir  tlin  niimlli  nf  tlir  Siis- 
qui'hiirnm,  unci  prrK-rods  iilnnu-  its  liank»  tlin.nnli  riMnmylviinni 
til  liir  N.  Y.  Inif,  lliriiwinK  (illlwo  liriinilH«  to  lln'  wi'Rt,  nnr  U|i 
111,'  vnll.'v  111'  tin'  .Inniatii  In  H— K  "I  lln'  limt  I'l  tin'  Alli'almny 
hltii..  liniflln'  ollnT  np  Ihi'  vnllcy  i.l  tin'  \Vi'»t  llriuidi  l.i  1>  — /'. 

Tim   c'llnuU  111  tln^  Siisiinilnmnn  viilli'y  ar,'  ro rli'cl  with 

ll»i«i'  in  tin'  D.'lawnrn  viill.'V  liy  tin'  l.ninn  I'aniil  limn  M— n  "U 
tile  rinsiinuliainia  M  II— h'  "n  tin'  SilmylKill. 

:i.   Cimih  iinl  ii/llir  Mlnshiiii;/  Mnuiltoiim. 

Tin-  Clicsapiakc  anil  Olli"  niniil,  "'lii'ii  nnnli'.  will  [irin'rcil 

fiiiin  Pitlslnin;  uii  tin'  Imiiks  iil'  tin'  Miaii.iiL'aln'la,  anil  lln'  Y  unn- 

Incimiiiy,  oiiu  of  its  bruutliuB,  tu  C— il  m  Marylniul,  uml  so  on  to 

('lu'snpcnke  hiiv-  ,      ,      i       r    i.     a  i 

A  canal  is  coinplitiil  fnmi  rittsHirt'  up  tin'  bnnkn  of  the  Al- 

locliany,  anil  tliu  Cniii'innui.'li,  one  of  its  laamln's,  to  ,1— ii.  at 

the  foot  of  ilii'   Alli'-'lianv  nils.;  anil  anolln'r  lioni  Uravrr,  on 

tho  OInii,  np  till'  lianks  of  lliav.r  rivi  r  into  llic  slain  ot  Ohio. 

The  rainils  wist  of  tin'  Alli'^liany  inonntains  am  i-onni'it.'i 

witll  those  on  tl asl  siile  hy  a  railroinl.  willi  ten  iiichiieii 

planes,  neross  the  inunntaiiis.  Iniin  ,1 — n  to  H — l;. 

(lurilinnt.—WhM  I'lUinl."  in  tin-  valley  of  Hie  Delan  are  1  How  Is  the 
l.nekiiwaxen  rnlial  enniiei'teil  wUh  lliul'on  nver?  Ili>»,  tile  LiniKll 
.•Mini  (  \Vhat  ciiimls  111  the  ."u.iiiieliinnm  valley  )  How  are  thene  ca- 
nal- i-<illll,  rteil  with  those  111  I)i'lawiu-e  valley  I  What  canals  west  ol 
Ihe  -Mli-k'hiinv  I  How  are  Ihese  canals  coiniciteil  with  those  on  the 
cast  side  of  the  inountains  ? 

The  principal  railniails  are, 

1,  From  Treiiliin  in  New  Jersey,  S  W.  alonn  the  Delaware 
river,  thronu-h  I'liilailelpliia  to  \V— n  in  Dehiware- 

S.  From  I'hilailelplna  N.W.  alonu-  the  Schuylkill,  thnniL-h 
11— i;  to  I'ort  Cliiiloii,  anil  theiieo  thronuh  P — o  to  riuuhury,  al 
the  forks  of  Ihe  Siisiinehannu.  ,,       ,. 

;i.  Frcini  I'hilaih'lphia  W.  tliroil'.;Ii  I.— r  to  I  olnmlna.  nml 
thenee  tlironi;!!  Y— k  In  (i.lnsliiiij.  with  two  hraiiches.  one 
from  Lancaster  tliriineli  11— i.-.  C— e,  anil  ('— u'  to  Uau'erslowii 
in  Marvlanil  ;  ami  the  ollnr  from  York  to  It— e. 

4.  Tile  railrcinil  acioss  the  AlleMlnuiy  niountaiiis  hum  llolli 
Uayshnrg  to  .lohnstown. 

Ow»lien.«.— What  are  the  ininiipal  railroails  in  rcinisyhaiiia  ? 

In  travelin-.'  froin  I'liilaihlpliia  (o  I'lllsl'iiri;  liv  the  ( 'ullnilWa  nillroail 
mill  rennsylvania  caiiiil.  what  lowns  do  you  i-ass  I  Lr.,  Ca.,  11;^.,  .iln., 
La,,  lln  ,  Hi;.  Jn  ,  ^Vii.,  \y. 


Pqiiare  miles,  4ii,'.'l.">.— riiliulaliiin.  1.7-:i.in:l._l'ii|i.  to  s  ,.  m..  m. 

1.  I'l'iiiisylvaiiiii  \v:is  fust  sctlli'il  liy  liiij;- 
lisli  Quiikci's  iiHik't-  Williimi  I'fiiii.  wliu  is  iU- 
mous  fur  liis  U|irii;iit  dctiinu  witii  the  Indians. 


l;,,,,,   Jn,u,i  UUI,  Un  y,i,o<o,.<. 

'J.  Tin-  liinst  striking'  linlillnl  h'liliiri'  is  Ilic  liionil  lie 
inniinh'iiiis  which  cnisses  the  .slato  ill  u  S.W.  diructinii 
New  York  to  .Marvlninl. 

;i.  Till'  eiiiiiili-y'iiii  the  wist  iil"  llio  llnmlit.'iilis  is  gt'lic 
iiiitlulatill^',  nmi  on  tin'  west  hiUv. 

1.  The  soil  on  liolli  siiles  of  the  innillitaiiis  is  gmul 
hetweell  the  liinlllllaill  riiL'i's  are  ii'dile  \alle\s. 

.1.  The  sta|ili'  amieiiltiuiil  ]iriMliietimi  ia  wheat. 

(i.  Coal  anil  iiiiii  ulaninil,  ami  lire  a  soiu'ce  ofjjreat  w 
to  llie  ^late. 


It  III 
limn 


rally 
,  iiiiil 


uullli 


7.  Till'  slato  i.i  JistiiigtiislieJ  lor  iiiuuulucluri'K,  t'SlU'tially 

tlnise  nriinn. 

II.  Ill  population,  tills  is  llin  second  stnte  in  the  Union. 

11.  Nearly  three  linirths  of  the  iiilialiilauls  are  in  the  sou  h- 
erii  half  of'lhe  state. 

10.  AIniiit  Olio  lourth  of  the  laiimlatloii  is  of  Gennaii 
orifjin. 

rini.APF.i.PHiA,  the  lai-f-'est  city  in  the  state  niid  tho  nee- 
niiil  ill  the  rnioii  ill  |io|mlatiiiii  ami  iiiipnrlance,  is  lefiuliu-- 
ly  laid  nut  ami  iienllv  liiiilt,  nii  a  Hat  peliiiisiila  lietweeii  the 
Delaware  niiil  SiliiivlkiU  rivers,  six  miles  iilaive  their  June- 
linn,  anil  I'JO  IVmii  the  sea  liv  the  coursi'  of  the  Delaware, 
whiili  is  iiavimihl"  III  this  (inliit  for  ships  nf  tin'  line. 

It  is  noted  llir  tin-  vanety  and  e.vteiit  nf  its  manufin- 
lures,  and  the  nmidier  ami  exi-elli'iice  nf  its  lieiicvolcnt  and 
lilerarv-  ili.stitutioii.s,  anion;;  wllieli  is  the  ilirnrd  cnllffic 
for  oriihiin.1,  einlnwed  hy  the  late  .Stephen  (iiraiil  with 
t'.'.OOII.IIIIII.  The  Fiiir  Voiinl  wiilir-icurki  supply  the  city 
with  water  from  ,><eliiiylkiU  liver. 

llAUiiisni  uo.  Ihe  capital  of  the  state,  is  on  tlie  Siisque- 
liamia.  in  Haiiphin  eniiiity,  niid  is  cniineeted  by  railnjud 
with  I'liilailelpliia.  .     . 

Pi/lsljinw,  liie  larL'est  city  of  We.stem  remisylvaina.  is  nd- 
iniralily  silualed  Inr  tiaih'iilnl  niaiinfaeliires.  in  the  midst 
of  illexhaiistilih'  mines  nf  enal,  at  tin'  lieail  nf  the  •;reat  river 
Ohio,  which  is  iMivii;alile  In  this  place  liir  stealil-liinits.  It  is 
ilisliiiL'iiished  fnr  the  maiiiifactiire  of  glass,  iron,  wliite-leud, 
and  heavy  iiiacliiin'iy . 

I      Aninnu  the  other  tnwiis  ar"  ,    ,  .   „    , 

h'eiiiliii!.'.  a  HoiirishiiiL'  maniifaetiinm:  town,  aetlledclneny  hv 

Oerniaiis,oii  S—1  river,  in  11     s  county  ;  /'e//-i  il/i .  Miiucli  Chunk, 

anil  lloiiifiliili:  all  in  the  coal  reL'lnn.  anil  lloiirisliini.'  hy  the  coal 

.  irinle;  Kiiflnii,  iioteil  tiir  its  Hour  mills  ;   l.niinixlrr,  an  aneiellt 

■nmnutin'tariin.'  ami  trailini;  town,  sctllcil  cliieily  hy  (iennaiis : 

Wilkes/iiirir.  niiteil  tin-  the  inassacre  of  the  inliahitanls  hy  tho 

Tories  anil  Inilians  in  l?7f.  in  the  heantihll  vale  of  Wyominir.ou 

S— a  river  ;  ( ',iili>.l>\  the  siMit  of  Uickin.son  colleiie  ;  ilellysburg. 

the  siiat  of  I'cinisslvnnia  loll.'L'o.  anil  a  l.utheniii  theokigical 

seminary;  llnii;  :' I 'il "    a    llonnsliiin.'  inannfactnrinu'  village; 

Enr.  lioteil  for  its  line  liarisir;   Mi'iillilli:  the  si'llt  of  Alli'L'lluny 

eoUciie  ;   r«iio/(s/"(Ci,'.  the  seat  of  .lelli'isoli  college  ;  ami  U  rt«/l- 

ingloii,  the  seat  of  W'ashiniitoii  eoUeite. 

Q„r..e,„.— 1  K>,r  wV,r,t  U  1',-imBvlvaliia  iieledl  5.  Y\l!nt  ■trikini! 
natural  feanire  t  X  face  of  the  I'oimlry  •  -1.  "nil  I  .1.  staple  predin-non  I 
i;  niinerals  !  7.  inaniifactures  I  H.  rank  iiial  popiilation !  H.  How  is 
till'  popnlalion  dirllilaileil  I     Ul.  What  part  are  of  (iernian  orii,nu  I 

Ulicn.  anil  for  u-liill  nolrd.  is  I'hUudi  Iphia  I  narrisburB  '  .^c. 


QUESTIONS  AND  EXERCISES  ON  THE  MAP. 

DELAWARE.— ^K/;o/s^..'e  on  the  N.  of  Delaware?  on  the 
E.?  on  the  S.  and  'V.?  What  separates  Delaware  from  N. 
Jersey?  He.  R.  and  B.  What  capes  at  the  mouth  of  Dela- 
ware bay?  What  town  in  the  northern  rart  of  the  state,  at  the 
junr  ion  of  two  gmall  vivera  ?  Wn.  What  towns  on  the  Dflr.- 
waro.  a  little  south  of  Wihnington?  No.,  De.  Cy.  What  town 
on  Delaware  bay,  near  Cape  Honlopen?  Ln.  What  creat 
public  work  in  Delaware  bay,  opposite  Lewistown?     De.  Br. 

Whpt  r(/i7r(/..''i,i  in  this  state  ?  Ana.  l.  Throui^h  \Vilmini;ton, 
beini;  part  of  the  r-'.ilroad  line  from  Piiiladel[,'.iia  to  Baltimore. 
2.  From  Newcastle,  en  the  D — e,  to  Frencktown,  in  Maryland. 


MARYLAND.— TVAa^  ntnfe  on  the  N.  of  Marvlnnd  ?  on  ihn 
K.  ?  on  the  S.  andW.  ?  What  river  separates  it  from  Virtrinia  / 
What  bay  divides  the  state  into  two  parts,  called  the  Eastern 
and  Western  shure  ?  Ce.  What  river  enters  Chesapeake  bay 
at  ics  head  1  Sa.  What  two  wide-moutlied  rivers  between  the 
Susquehanna  and  Potomac  ?  Po..  Pt.  What  ranire  of  mount- 
ains crosses  ths  state,  and  is  pierced  by  the  I'otoniac  at  Harpers 
Ferry?  Be.  He.  What  ranee  crosses  iarther  west,  between 
the  sources  of  the  Potomac  and  You^hioi,'eny  ?     Ay. 

What  is  the  tace  of  the  country  ?  An^.  From  tlio  southern 
boundary  to  the  lower  falls  of  the  rivers  (at  Georj^etown  ou  the 
P — c,  EUicott's  mills  on  the  P — o.  and  Port  Deposit  on  the 
H — a),  level ;  above  tliese  falls,  tor  alMint  2U  miles,  hilly ;  fartlier 
west,  mountainous,  several  lofty  rani-es  crossini^  the  state  from 
Pennsylvania  into  Virtnnia. 

What  eiyht  counties  on  the  Eastern  shore  ?  Whnt  five  touch 
the  bay  on  the  Western  shore  ?     What  seven  .m  the  Potomac  ? 

Describe  the  princ-ipal  rnih-onth  in  Marylaiui. 

Am.  Uaiiniaiis  proceed  from  BoUimorc'l.  N.E.thmuc'h  Dela- 
ware to  Phdadelphia  :  'J.  N.  to  York, in  Pennsylvania;  and.  3.  W. 
(the  Ealtimore  and  Ohio  railn>ad)  to  Harper's  Ferry,  whence  it 
18  to  proceeii  thromrh  Cumberland  to  Wheelinu'  op  the  Ohio.  A 
branch  of  this  railroad  nins  SW.  to  Washiuyton  ;  and  a  branch 
of  this  branch  S.E.to  Annapolis. 

Desc'iibe  the  Chesa/vakc  and  Ohio  canal. 

Ana.  It  passes  up  the  valley  of  the  Potomac,  from  Georirc- 
town,  at  the  head  of  sliKip  navii:nti(pn.  to  Cumberland,  whence 
it  is  to  tfo  over  the  AllcL'hany  mountains,  and  along  the  hanks 
oi  the  You-rhtoijeny  and  MononL-ahcla  to  Pittsb-irL'on  tlte  Ohio. 

What  tuuns  on  the  railroad  from  Piiiladelphia  to  Washini: 
ton  1 

DELAWARE. 

Hqunre  mW-f,  20t;H.— Pnimlntion.  7r',iK'i,"»,_|*nii.  to  f^q.  ni..  .T.t. 

I.  Drliiwiire,  the  smallest  State  in  tlie  Union 
except  JllnMle  Island,  is,  like  Rhode  Island, 
distinguished  for  inanniactures. 

2.  The  surfjicn  is  L'cnernlly  low,  level,  and  siuidv. 

3.  Wheat  and  Indian  corn  an-  thi'  staple  pniduclioiis. 

4.  The  pefijde  in  llu'  iniddli'  and  sfiiithern  parts  nf  the 
stale  fire  senendly  fanner?',  hut  \Vi!inini.'t«ii  aiul  the  vicini- 
ty is  the  seat  (»f  numenms  nianufaetories. 

5.  Tlie  Dciairare  awl  Chpsappakr  rnnnf,  fi'om  D— <'  V — v 
on  the  I> — e  to  an  arm  uC  ClHsapeake  Imy  in  Atarylaml. 
opens  a  sloop  navi^'utittn  hetwcen  Ihi'si-  two  LMcai  ImmUcs  of 
water.     In  this  canal  Is  k  drrp  cut,  W  tniii-s  Ion;-':  and  nvHr 


the  deepest  part  is  an  arch- 
ed bridg'j  ol  235  feet  8pan, 
It  the  giddy  height  ol  90 
tt»et  above  the  water.  See 
picture. 

6.  The  Delaware  hreah- 
•valer.  near  ca^m  Henlo- 
pen,  consists  of  two  stono 
|)icr.-.  each  /liout  half  a 
mile  long  n}M  75  feet  wide, 
huill  hy  .rfie  U.  S.  Govern- 
ment irf  a  cost  of  thrcM^  niill- 
ii^-tlollars,  to  protect  ves- 
BcU  frequenting  Dehiwako 
bay  from  rjiorniN  and  lioatuig  ice. 

Dov/R,  on  ,1 — s  creek,  is  tlie  capital  of  tlir  state. 
Wilmington,  tlie  larjiest  town,  is  on   the  IJratulywine, 
which  is  navigable  to  tills  place  ior  large  ship.-*,  and  above 
lia-s  a  fine  water-power,  occupied  in  driving  fionr-nnlls,  pa- 
j)er-mills,  powdtn'-niills,  cotton-factories,  ttc. 

Newcastle^  with  a  harbor  i>rotect<Hi  from  floating  ice.  is 
on  *■:«  I) — e,  a  ii'w  miles  S.  of  W — n:  Dthtware  ri/i/  is  a 
small  village  (m  the  i) — e,  opposite  the  fortified  island  call- 
ed the  Pea-patch. 

Qiifsfions.--\.  For  whnt  is  Delaware  noted?  Q.  face  f>f  the 
country  ?  :i.  stajtle  productions  ?  1.  (wcupntiona  of  the  inhabi- 
tants .'  T).  Describe  the  Delaware  and  t'hccapeake  canal.  6. 
What  is  the  breakwater  ?   its  cost  ?   its  nbjert  ! 

Where,  and  for  what  noted,  Dover  !  Wilnungton.'  &,c. 

MARYLAND. 

Hqunre  milc«,  10,T5."i. — Popnlatioi',  470,ni!).— Pnji.  to  sq,  m.,  44. 

1.  ^larvland  was  first  settled  hy  highly  re- 
spectable Enijlish  Roman  Cntholies,  distin- 
guished lor  their  t<»leriuit  and  liberal  spirit. 

2.  The  Koil  of  the  low  ct)iintry  is  santly,  i)nl  fertile,  being 
mixed  witii  clay  and  marl. 

;j.  Toliacco,  corn,  and  wheat  are  the  staple  prodnclions. 

'I.  Coal  and  iron  ahramtl  in  Allegbany  county. 

Anvai'oj,is.  tlie  capital,  \h  on  an  arm  of  Chesapeake  bay 
called  Severn  river. 

fidlfimnrr,  the  largest , 
city  in  the  .^tate,  tin'  fourth  j 
in  the  I'liiim  in  population,; 
the  commercial  emporium  I 
'if  extensive  distr'icts  in  j 
Pennsylvania  and  the  West- 
ern Stales,  and  urn'  of  the 
LTeate.-.t  noiir-iiiarkets  in  t?le 
world,  is  on  a  l>ay  at  Pa- 
tapsco  river,  which  flum-*  a 
sale  iiiul  capacimis  liarhor, 
11  miles  from  Chesupeake 
bav        Th*'    cit\     i>    famed 


lor  the  fast  sailing  schooners  called  liultimore  clippers,  tor 
a  spleiidi<i  nuumment  to  Wasliington,  and  (or  the  repulse  of 
the  liritisli  before  ft»rt  M'Henry,  at  the  moutli  of  tlm  har- 
bor, in  1814. 

'  Frederirkiown,  the  second  town  in  weabh  and  population, 
is  in  the  center  of  tlie  iini;  valley  of  M — y  river,  east  of  tlie 
Blue  Ridge;  Hagarstown  is  a  floiirisliing  fJennan  settle 
ment.  in  the -center  of  a  fertile  valley  west  of  the  Blue  Ridge; 
Cumberland,  on  F — c  river,  is  a  great  thoroughfare. 

Questinnn. — 1.  For  what  is   Maryland  nored  ?    2.  soil?     J. 
Staple  agi'icnltnral  productions?     4.  Mineral  productions? 
j      Where,  and  tor  what  Ufited,  is  Annapolis  ?  Baltimore  .'  Ac. 

i         DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA. 

j  Pquiirc!  inilo,  100.— roiiuliilioii,  4:),Tll!.— I'lip.  tii  sq.  m.,  437. 

This  district  often  miles  square,  on  the  I'o- 
tomac,  is  the  seat  of  tlie  t^eiieral  government 
of  the  U.  States,  having  been  ceded  for  tliat 
purpose,  by  Ma.yhuid  and  Virginia,  in  1790. 

WASiiixiiTON,  till'  cii|iiliil  of  till-  V.  Slates,  i.s  ief.nilnrly 
laid  nut,  hilt  Himrsi'ly  Imilt,  itn  a  spacious  plat  of  grnuml  on 
.  Ilic  east  liaiik  iif  tlie  I'litiMimc  wliidi  is  naxi^'alile  In  ships 
iif  llie  line  111  tliis  point    111)  inili  s  liniii  (  — e  linv      The 


il.  Ill  whii  ii  llii'  two  llciH^.-,  ol  (  oMiiress  liolil  lliellseB- 
sioiis,  is  llie  finest  liuililiiii;.     ropuliitinii,  'JILIIIKI. 

llron;rt,iiin.  ncljoiiiinu-  \Vasliim:ton,  is  the  sent  of  a  Human 
Catliolie  rolU'L'e  :  I'op.  7:tl'J.  Alt'.rnnilrut,  on  the  Vir^liia  sitle 
of  the  river,  is  noteil  for  its  tlmir  trnile:  Pop.  H-t.'in. 

(^i;i',s/iH«s.— Wliere  and  wliiit  is  the  District  of  Columbia? 
Wlinr,  tiihi  fi'i'  ulitil  noti'il.  Wiisliinu'toii  ?   \i\ 

QUESTIONS  AND  EXEHOISBS  ON  TEE  MAP, 

"  VI II  (i  1. N  1,\ .— What  two  states  on  the  N.  anil  N.IO.  of  VML'inia? 
What  water  on  till'  K.  f  \niat  IwoslHtes  on  the  .'<.  ?  Wlmttwo 
states  out  I  leW,  ?  l\'fiift  nvcrfi'innatr<  l'i;-£,';io«frnin  Mnrvlniul? 
Ironi  ttliio  ?  Iroin  Remiicity  I  \Vhnt  iin>  opens  nilolhe  Atllinlie 
near  the  S.IO.  ciirner  }  \Vlmt  capes  iit  the  mouth  of  the  hny ? 
What  niomilains  cross  the  Polomiie  at  Harper's  Ferry,  iinil  run 
S.W'.i-ritirely  across  the  stiile.  ilivlilinu'  it  into  lOnsterii  liml  West- 
ern Viri:inia  ?  He.  He.  \\  lint  inoiintains  fiirtlier  west,  ami  pnr- 
iiUcl  witli  li.e  Hiiie  lliil^ie.iliviih'tlie  8i. Hives  of  the  I'otoiiinc  from 


1 


I 


fc'^ 

39 
38 

^s 

9IIBJS 

m 
^ 

~ 

SBSm 

the  tnbutnries  of  tlio  Ohio  ?    Ay.    Whnt  is  the  couutrj-  between  j 
the  B)ue  HiHuo  uiut  Alleu:huny  niouiitniua  culied?     Ans.  The 
Uront  X'lillcy  nC  NiruMiiin.  I 

Whnt  ihriM'  f:n'nt  rivers  einp:y  info  CheRHpeake  bay  ioiith  of  ■ 
the  I'otiumu' ?  lie.,  YU.,  .Is.  'A'hiit  river,  risiuij  io  the  CJreiit 
V'liUey  of  Virginia,  and  running  K.,  lUvitU'.'!  Eastern  Viri:iiii;i  into 
two  parts  nearly  (Mpiul  .'  .Is.  What  ^-reat  river  receives  nil 
the  waters  of  Vlri-'inia  west  if  tlie  AlIeL'haiiy  inouiitaiiis  /  (»o. 
What  is  the  prineipal  tributary  of  t lie  Ohio  fmm  Viririnin?  Ka. 
What  three  rivers  rise  in  the  Oreiit  Valley  anei  break  throiiu'b  ' 
the  Uhie  lli.l-e.'  I'e..  .Is.,  Uf.  WhuL  river  breaks  fciirouj;h 
the  AlleL'hiiny  mouiitain.s  ?     Ka. 

What  river  rises  in  the  center  »)fViri.'inin,  runs  aloUT  tlie  west ' 
foot  of  the  Blue!  Riilue,  and  eiitrrs  the  ruteniae  lit  Harper's  Ferry  I 
Sh.      A'hat  is  the  priia'ipal  tributary  of  .lames  river  trnni  tli.' 
Koutb?     Ax.     What  swamp  near  (lie  S.K.  eonierof  the  statu  ! 
Dl.     What  famous  nrnda  at  the  mouth  of  James  river?     Hn. 

What  is  the  tace  of  the  eountry  I 

Am.  I.  From  fhr  coast t..  the  head  offi<h-iratcr.or\i\\\('rU\\ho{ 
the  rivers  {viz  ,  (J — n  on  the  Potimiae.  V — •!  on  the  Itappalitui 
noe,  R — d  nu  the  .lames,  and  V—\z  on  the  Appimiatioxi.  low  and 
level;  2.  From  tulnrutrr  to  flu-  liliu-  J^uiut  (.allfd  the  Middle 
country),  first  billy,  then  nKumtainons  ;  it.  lltfimn  thr  liluv 
Rtdi^e  andthc  Allrirhiiiii/  ram,'*-  (ealle.l  the  Ureal  VnUcyi.  a  hiuli 
tiihlo  laud;  4.  \Vis(  of  thr  .Uli>rfm),mni),n>ttitn^,\\\\\\  iiu\\  broken. 

Describe  the  prineipal  i'anals  arid  railroads  of  V'iryiiiia. 

Ans.  1.  The  Di.-mul  Sicati//  cmuii  'JJ  miles  li)Ui:.  eonueets 
Chesapeakt!  hay  with  Alheiniirie  sound  in  N.  Carolina. 

2.  A  radroitd  crosses  the  state  from  the  Pdtianue  to  (he  Uoati- , 
oke,  thnaii-'h  I'Vederieksburir,  Uit-hniontl,  and  I'elersbuiL;. 

'^.  'VW- James }i{iTr<nid  Kittniirfnironnnuninitiini.uitw  in  proi:  ' 
ress,  con.sistN  nt  a  eaual  from  Itietunond  up  the  valU>y  ot  .lames 
river  to  C — n.  whence  a  railroad  is  to  nm  to  the  Great  Kails  of 
the  Kanawha,  hehiw  which  the  rivi.  r  is  iiuvigablu  tu  tho  Ohio. 

WImt.  and  where,  is  tin-  Natural  T  uinel  ?  , 

Ans.  The  Natural  Tunn.-I,  near  the  S  \V.  conuTofthe  state.' 
IB  an  arcli.-d  passage,  windin^'  lilie  an  S,  in  the  snhd  rkU.  -i:)!) 
feet  hull,',  from  ."iO  to  15i»  witle,  and  70  tit  >'0  feet  bi-h,  tiiron-.di 
which  runs  n  branch  of  ('linch  river,  400  feet  below  the  top  .)f 
the  Hionntiiin  that  thus  cmssrs  it. 


.Square  niilca,  (»;i,700, — Populittion,  ],iJU!l,79T. — I^op,  to  nq.  lu.,  1'.'. 

1.  A'iri,nnia,  the  birthplace  of  WASIIIXG- 
TOX,  ims  given  six  presidents  to  tlie  Union. 

'J,  Tiie  soil  is  fietiernlly  i.'iHiil;  niul  in  tlio  (ireat  Viillfy, 
uial  near  the  riviTs  in  the  Low  country,  very  fertile, 

',].  The  staph'  productions  are  fohticco,  east  of  tin'  IWue 
Iti(l;.'e ;  wheat,  in  tlie  (ireat  Valley;  cuttle,  liuga,  and  other 
live  stock,  west  of  ibe  .■\lle|,;haiiies, 

'1.  ('oal  iil)omi(ls  near  Ridj- 
inoiid  on  .1 — s  liver,  ami  \\'lieel- 
irii:  on  the  () — o  ;  ml/,  at  the  salt 
si»rint.'s  on  the  Kanawha;  an<l 
f^o/d,  in  the  Miihile  eountry. 

Tk  The  principal  r.prums  of 
fa.shionalde  n-sort  aru  the  Sul- 
phur spring's  in  (ireen  Rrier  ami 
N!<'iu<M'  counties,  and  the  Wann 
;inil  licit  spring's  in  Math  eounlv, 
(i.  The  S,'it>tnU  liridi.'r.  in 
llockbridge county, lu-ar  Lexing- 
!nn,  is  an  arch  of  rock  '.H)  feet 
louL'.  tlO  ferl  hroail,  and  U)  feet 
thick,  ov(.'r  u  inn-row  cliasin,  at 
the  botloiu  of  whieh.  'JJn  feet 
below  the  hridu'e.  flows  Ci-dar 
creek.      Ser  firfurr. 

7.      Wifrr.-,     r„r,,\u     AilL"-L4t!l    COUlllV.  t'Xtei'd.S     IMiOfcrt 

into  the  earth,  and  contains  upward  ot' ',»()  lar-.-e  rooms,  one 
of  them  *jrO  feet  hn\^.  ','()  wide,  ami  Xi  feet  bij.'b.  ami  all 
^'liltenn-.'  \viib  beauliful  Htaluctites  and  stala^niin-s.  which 
ilesiend  from  the  ceTlinj:  and  iwcend  from  the  ilu<u-  in  the 
sliape  of  eoluinns,  thrones,  statues.  petHHed  water-falls,  ami 
othri'  lanta>lic  tiiimes  in  ustiuii-sliinii  profusion. 


Richmond,  the  capital,  and  largest  city,  is  on  J — s  river. 
nt  the  lower  liilU,  which  BUp]>ly  ample  water-power  for 
manufactures,  while  the  river  ami  canal  abcive  open  iho  way 
to  a  country  ttlKunaliuf;  with  coal,  Hour,  and  tobacco. 
!  Norfolk,  with  a  lim*  harbor,  ami  ready  access  to  the  inte- 
Vior  by  railroad.  Oifuuil  Swamp  canal,  and  the  rivers  of 
.  (.'hesajieake  bay.  is  the  chief  commercial  depot. 
'  In  the  tide-water  section  are  also,  I.  Portsmouth,  one  of 
the  jiriucipal  naval  fJtalious  of  the  I'.  S.  (iovernment,  on 
,  l^lizahelh  river,  opposite  Nortidk  ;  '2.  Pctersbtirg,  on  the 
'  A — X,  at  its  lower  tails,  the  depot  of  a  fertile  Hour  and  to- 
baoi'o  district ;  It,  Frcdcrick.'iiiiirff,  on  the  R — c,  at  the  head 
of  navi^'ation,  tin'  depot  ni  a  lertile  llour  district  in  tlio  gold 
reiiion ;  4.  yorktoirn,  at  the  rnouih  of  V — k  river,  famous 
for  the  surreiuler  lA'  honl  Cornwallis  to  General  Wasliine- 
'  t(Ui ;  iiAVilliinnshuri:,  west  of  Voiktowii.  llie  seat  of  Will- 
iam and  Mary  college,  and  fonuerly  the  capital  of  Virgin- 
ia; (i.  Jnrttrstdirn,  on  an  islaml  in  J — s  river,  the  first  Eng- 
lish seUlement  in  Virginisi;  7.  Mt.  Vernon,  on  the  V — c,  be- 
low A — a.  famous  fin'  tiie  seat  ami  tomb  of  Wasbington. 

In  the  Middle  country  are,  1.  Li/nehhur^,  a  great  tobac- 
co market,  (ui  J — s  river;  U.  Churlotteseillc,  in  A — e  coun- 
ty, the  seat  of  the  I'niyersity  of  Virtrinia. 

In  tlie  (treat  N'alley  are,  1.  Harper  s  Ferrt/,  famous  for  a 
national  armory  iind  the()asf.aije  td'  the  I'otomac  ihrongb  the 
Blue  Rid;:e  (a  utupemh)us  scene  I) ;  *J.  Staunton,  in  tiie  cen- 
ter of  the  state,  the  s^-at  of  the  state  lunatic  hospital. 
I  West  of  the  Alle^'hany  are,  1.  Wheeling::,  a  tlonrishing 
nmnufftf  ttiring  town  on  tfio  n — *>.  fU  l(e^  h-^ftfl  t-f  htw-wuler 
navigation;  and,  2.  Charlesfon.  on  the  Kanawha,  at  the 
beiul  of  navigation,  near  the  gi-eut  salt-works, 

Que.<tif'iis.—].  For  wbnt  is  Virdnia  noted  ?    '^',  soil  7    3.  sta- 
ple products  f  4.  minernls  i  r>.  sprinijs  of  favhionahle  resort  f    6. 
IVhere,  and  lehai.  is  the  Natural  Hridye  ?   7.  Wyer'i  Cave?  Ac. 
Where,  and  for  nhnt  ntftrd,  i*i  Hichmond  ?  Norfolk?   &c. 

•27 


.iicni'^ 


QUESTIONS  AND  EXERCISES  ON  THE  MAP. 
NORTH  CAROLINA.— Hi)w  hounfiod  ?  Whnt  pdrnllfl  of 
lntitii<iu  is  the  nnrth  bdumlury  ?  Wlntt  muuntirms  I'niiu  Virt:in- 
ia  t-niss  the  state  into  GeoriHa?  lie.  Ue.  What  three  jimm- 
ineiit  capes  on  the  coast  i  Hs.,  Lt.  i'>.  What  two  sounds  be 
twcen  the  islands  v.  .d  the  mainland.?  Ae..  I'o.  What  inlet 
opens  into  the  middle  of  Pamlico  sovind  ?     Ok. 

What  two  rivers  enter  Albemarle  sound  at  its  head  T  Cn., 
Re.  Whnt  two,  Pandiro  sound  ?  Tr.,  Ne.  What  river  ri.ses 
near  the  north  iKiundan,-  and  empties  at  enpe  Fear?  C.  Fr. 
What  two  rivers  rise  in  the  IJluo  Hidu'e,  and  nm  into  S.  C'aro 
Una  ?  Yn.,  Ca.  What  is  the  L-ern-nd  course  of  the  large  rivers 
in  N.  Carolina?     An^.  From  N.W.  to  8.K.  | 

What  ia  the  fare  of  tin;  eountr.-  ?  Ans.  Tlic  coast  is  lined  \ 
with  loniT,  narrow  sand  islands,  beyond  which  stretch  into  the  ' 
sea  extensive  shoals  and  shifting  sand  banks.  The  nuiiniand,  for 
about  (iU  indes  from  the  sea.  is  a  low.  pine  forested  plain ;  then  i 
comes  a  Km;  uudnlatins  country  ;  and  then  an  elevated  table- 1 
lanil.  crossed  by  the  lihie  RirlL'e  and  other  mountains.  j 

Wfiof  toirn  tit  the  mouth  of  the  Clu>wan  !  En. :  at  the  mouth  i 
of  the  Roanoke  ?  PIi. :  near  the  head  of  steam  naviiration  on  | 
the  Roanoke  T  Hx.  and  Wn. :  near  the  month  of  Tar  river?; 
Wn.  :  at  the  head  of  steam  navigation  on  Tar  river  ?  To. :  on  | 
tlie  lower  Xeuse  ?  Nn.  :  near  the  iioad  of  sliijj  navitralion  on  ^ 
Cape  Fear  river  !  Wn. :  at  the  head  of  steam  navigation  ou ! 
Cape  Fear  river  ?  Fe,  I 

Describe  the  principal  railronth  and  ennah.  Ant.  Tinilnmiln  i 
mn  from  Norfolk  in  VirL'inia  tlu'nUL'h  Weldoii  on  the  R — e  to 
Wilmimrton  :  and  from  I'etersburur  thnmL'h  (Jastnn  to  RaleiL'h; 
and  cajiah  from  Albeniurle  sound  throULdi  Dismal  swaniji  to 
Chesapeake  hay,  and  from  Beaufort  harbor  to  N — e  river.  , 
♦— 

SOUTH  CAROLINA.— How  l>ounded?  W'hat  Imundary  I 
mountains?     Be.  Re.     Wliat  iHMUidary  river?     Sli.  | 

Which  are  the  two  larirest  rivers  ot'  S.  (.'arfdina?  Se.,  Po. , 
What  river  from  thf  Blue  Riduo.  in  N.  Carolina,  runs  acruss  that ' 
state  nnd  S.  Carolina  to  Winvaw  bay  ?  Pc.  What  name  is  giv- 
en to  the  Peilee  in  N.  (.'anilina  ?  \n.  In  what  ninuntains  do 
the  Wateree,  Broad,  ainl  Saluila  rivers  rise  ?  Be,  Re.  Through 
what  river  <lo  the  waters  ot  tiu'se  Ptreanis  enter  the  (M>ean  1     He. 

Whi<'h  is  the  larirest  ri   er  betwecTi  the  .<;intee  and  the  Sa 
vannah  ?   En.:  the  laru'csl  brau<h  of  the  Pcdee  fmni  the  east  f  | 
L.  Pe. :  the  largest  branch  from  tlie  west  ?  Lhe  s.  ('k.  ! 

What  is  the  face  of  the  t-nuntn,-  ?  /l/r-t.  Fnnn  iht-  v,m^{  l.r  (ht- 
lower  fallfl  of  the  rivers  (at  Hamburg,  Columbia,  Camden,  and 
Cheraw).  low,  level,  and  covered  witli  pine  forests.  The  upper 
eount^^■  ia  a  fine,  healtliv  rcL'inn  of  liilla  and  dales,  tenninating 
inthe'N.W.  it.  the  Blue  Rifk-.v 

\S'hat  important  rotlrcnd  in  .Snnth  Carolina  7  Ans.  The  rait- 
Tr)ad  from  Charleston  to  H— pon  the  Savannah.  What  ranal? 
Ant    The  Hantee  canal,  from  the  S«nt*'e  t(.  ('— r  nwr. 


NORTH  CAROLINA. 

FiUmro  niili«,  5l,ll;W.— ropuliitiDri,  7.">:l,ll'.l.— I'lif-  '"  ^n-  ™-  !•''■ 

1.  North  Carolina  is  noted  lor  her  gold' 
mines,  ami  for  the  first  public  resolutions  in  I 
i'avor  ot"  American  Independeni^e. 

2.  Tlu'i'diisl  istlii'  (Ircail  cil' iniii-ini'ii  rjii  aicmint  nf  sliniils, 
siiiiil  btitiks,  atitl  vinlont  Nturius. 

H.  'I'Ihto  arc  nn  ^'iMiii  liarlmrs.  and  nortli  r»f  cripo  TiOok- 
ovit  lilt'  mily  navii:alil)'  i>a<s  tin-  slcinpw  is  fJcrafiii'k  inlet. 

4.  Tlir  want  ol'  liavlwirs  lias  ilriviMi  tlic  tiaiio  (if  llli'  state 
to  tin*  cities  of  \'iri:iniii  ami  Simtlt  C'lirnlina. 

f).  Tile  soil  (il'tiic  Ijiw  ciiinitrv  i,<  sanilv;  tliiit  nf  tiie  iniil- 
(11c  and  nnper  ciiiiiitfv  is  L'encrailv  L'ninl. 


(i. 
and 
cil'  tl 

7. 
lenl 

and 

<01i(' 

and 
QOU 
top  . 
itn-n 
eve  I 
tl 


The  stajih's  ot  th"'  htw  country  arc  lur.  tiirpentine. 
lumber;  nf  tlic  nmhllc  luuntry,  ttdiac^-o,  com,  ami  ^'olii  ; 
jc  upper  coMiilry^  catth',  horses,  ami  other  livestock. 

The  juincipitl  liolil  niliic-i  arc  in  CabaiTus  ami  .Mcck- 
luru'  ccMiMtic>,  iM'lweeii  llie  Catuwha  ami  Vadkin  rivorM. 

Pilot  innuntain.  in  Surry  cuunty,  nn  the  V'iru'inin  line, 

near  the  Blue  Bid^'c,  is  an  iMilatcd  peak,  ri.sing  like  a 

I7;>il  feet  alauc  the  levfd  n';:i(Ui  in  whicii  it  .^land-^, 

tenninating  in  ti  cyliiidricnl  rock,  railed  tin*  i*innu<de. 
leet  high  anil  l.'il)  in  dianieier.  TIm'  pr'>pi'ct  from  the 
of  the  I'innacle  is  grand:  the  eye  \\iinder.>.  In  ini  ini- 
i"*e  dis!uin;e  lowaiii  tin-  east,  south,  and  .southeast  ;  and 
I  when  tliP  iiir  is  slill.  (he  rnar  fd"  the  forest  ii»ci*?uN  fioin 
plain  below  like  the  ro;ir  nf  the  ocean. 


Rai.kigh,  the  capital,  is  in  W — e  connly,  near  Neuse  riv- 
er, and  nut  far  from  the  center  of  the  state. 

Wihnimrfon,  on  C— e  F— r  river,  is  the  largest  and  most  com- 
mercial town ;  Nr'ff't'rn.ou  the  N — e  river,  a  jtlace  of  c(nisiderable 
trade;  Ftnietlcrillc.  on  C— e  F— r  river,  a  busy,  thrivini,  ':ace; 
<'harh)ttr,\n  M — u' count  v.  the  principal  town  in  the  L'old  region  j 
Chapel  Jill/,  a  little  N-W.  of  Raleigh,  the  scat  (tf  the  univer- 
sity ;  ami  lieavi'i'rt,  near  cape  Lookout,  has  tin-  best  harbor. 

'Qur!ilwn!!.~\.  For  what  is  N.  Cnrolina  noted  ?  -J.  her  cuast? 
:i.  harlwrs?  4.  Where  dous  her  trade  center  ?  S.  soil?  (i.  sta- 
ples ?  T.  Where  are  the  gold  mines  ?  S.  Describe  Pilot  mount- 
ain. 

Where,  and  for  vhaf  noted,  is  RaleiL'h  7  Wihnington?  &c. 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

Pqiinre  milcH.  ;U, .'»(;."».— Populiition.  ,V>4,:t'.)H.— Pop,  lo  pq.  m..  10. 

1.  Soutli  (.'iiroiina  is  distinguislied  tor  the 
nuiiihor  of  iihle  and  elotmeTit  men  she  iius  sent 
to  the  natiuniil  coiuicils. 

'J.  Among  the  early  setlters  wen-  many  pious  and  intel- 
lii:cnJ  French  Uugiienols,  and  other  fugitives  from  religioiw 
persecution. 

:).  Tho  soil  of  the  upper  cntinlry  nnd  sea-islands  is  very 
feili!'  .  and  cotton  is  In-rr  jtlin  stuplo  production.  The  ata- 
ple  of  llic  low  country  is  rice. 

Coi.L!MiiiA.  the  capital,  is  on  a  high  niul  healthy  plain,  on 
the  Congaree,  at  tlic  lower  falls,  ju.st  lndow  tho  junction  of 
B — d  ami  S — n  rivers. 

rh'irh\sf<'it.  the  largest  cttv,  and  the  conuiiercial  empori- 
um of  the  .statt',  is  nn  a  tinigue  of  laml  at  the  junction  of 
A>hlcv  and  Cnnpcr  rivers,  with  a  gctod  harbor,  ((mnected 
hv  canal  with  N — e  river,  and  by  railroad  with  the  Savnn- 
nidi  at  H — g.  The  Cbarlesttmian.'*  are  di.-<tini.niished  l(»r  pol- 
ished maimers  and  uuatVected  hnspilality. 

litntibur'j,  on  S— h  river,  at  the  head  of  steam  navitraticai,  op- 
posite A— a  in  tieorL'ia,  is  thr  depot  of  the  N.W.  part  of  tin; 
state  ;  (ifoi-Lnfiitrn,  near  (he  month  of  the  l'~e,  aial  t'hnau-, 
III  the  lowrr  iidls.  are  depots  of  the  trailc  of  that  river;  Ikau- 
Jo,},  on  P— t  B— 1  island,  is  noted  for  its  fitu!  haibor. 

]',>il.i)f  Sjinmrjn,  near  S — i"  river:  Ki!l::'s  :tiiiu!ifaiii.  on  tho 
I  northern  fnmticr,  in  Y— k  district  ;  iind  the  CnirfM'us,  near  it, 
in  S — g  district,  are  famous  tor  vii-tories  of  the  Ann'ricans  in 
tlie  Revohitioiiary  war;  and  ('uttidrn.  n<'in-tlie  low  i-r  falls  of  the 
W — e,  was  also  the  jfcenc  of  several  battles  in  thiil  war, 
I  Qiiesfiun.t. — 1.  For  what  is  .S.  Carolina  noted'  v».  Who 
were  amonu  the  eariv  settlers  1  :i    soil  ?  slsiple  productions  ? 

I        IVhi-  <\  ,n,dj'-r  uh'„t  nn'rd.  i<s  Cohuilbisi  '    Ch;irle>.|..ri  '    Ae. 


,^f^Mm*o^!»<^fm(t»«tim^  ■ 


,.»-^-.,^ 


.16 


'•*wa 


33 


iHTciiil  cnipori- 
ihe  jiinctinn  of 
■imr.  conrn'fted 
viih  llic  Suvnii- 
u'liishcii  llnpol- 


QUESTIONS  AND  EXERCISES  ON  THE  MAP. 


GKOlKilA. — Hnw  is  Ueoruia  houinitMl  ?  W'hrii  boundary  \ 
nirr  on  the  snU'  of  ri.  Carolina  /  ot'  Floi  iila  ?  of  Alabiiina  f 

What  threr  larjfo  rivers  enter, tho  Atlantic  iVom  this  state?  ' 
Sh.p  Oe.,  Aa.  What  two,  uiiittj  to  form  the  Ahitainaliu  i  O — n — f, : 
O — m — o.  What  two,  unite  at  the  ti.W.  corner  to  tbrni  the  A  pa- ' 
lachicohi  i  III  wliat  part  ol  tlie  state  iioc.s  the  Chattahoociiee  i 
rise  /    What  swunip^tn  the  I'Moriila  boundary  in  tlie  rf.E.  7    ttc. : 

Hliat  toirnat  the  iivnif  of'  staini  nani^alton  on  the  Savannah  / 
Aa. ;  oil  the  Ocunuu  /  Me.:  on  the  Uemulu'ee  ?  Mn. :  on  the 
Chaltah(M)cheir  '.  Cs,  W'luU  t<iini  war  fi,c  mouth  of  the  Savan- 
naii  ?  f?ii.  :  of  the  Aiataniaha  f  Un. :  of  the  St.  Mary's  7  S.  Ms. 

What  is  the  face  of  the  country  7  J//-s\  The  roast  is  skirled 
with  islands,  separattMi  fmiit  tlie  main  land  by  narrow  sounds, 
formiiii;  n  protoited  chainiel  tiir  steamboats  from  Floriila  to  Car- 
olina. For  "iO  to  lUO  miles  from  the  coast  tin;  html  is  low,  level, 
anil,  to  a  yrfut  ext"nt,  itveilliwcd  at  hii-'h  lide.  Then  comes  a 
reL'ion  of  saniiliill.s,  calieil  the  Miihlle  country,  extendini^  to  the 
lower  falls  of  tlie-riveis  at  Augusta,  Milledi^eville,  Maron,  and 
Columbus.  Ueyond  this  is  the  Upper  counti-j,-,  a  line,  healthy, 
undulating  repiun,  t<-nniuating  in  luftv  mountains. 

What  ctinals  iii  Georgia  /  An.t.  One  fnnn  Savannah  to  Oco- 
cliee  river,  ami  another  from  Uanen  to  Ilnniswick.  What  mil- 
roitih  f  .-l/ix.  The  Ct'nfnii  railroad  from  Savannah  thmu.;h  Macon 
to  Decatur,  and  tho  (icorgtti  railroad  from  AuL,Mista  to  Decatur. 

ALAllAMA,— What  state  on  theN.?  on  the  E.7  on  the  S.  ? 
on  the  W.  \     Wh;a  boundary  parallels?  btamilary  rivers  ? 

What  river  etiti'is  the  state  at  il.s  N.K..  autl  leavt^s  at  its  N.W. 
corner  \     Te.     What  shoal.s  near  the  N.W,  corner  \     Me. 

What  \:\y^c  bay  near  the  S.W.  cFmur  .'  Me.  What  larLre  riv- 
er empties  into  Mobile  bay  /  Me.  What  two  rivers  unite  to 
form  Mohde  river  ?  Aa..Ty.  "'lere  does  the  Alabama  rise  I 
Ann.  Inthe  N.W.partofGeoreia.  Where,  tlie  Tonibi-'by  ?  Ans. 
In  the  N.K.  part  of  Mississippi.  What  territtay  is  drained  by 
Mipbile  river?  Ails,  The  N.W.  patt  of  Tieorem,  the  X.K,  of 
Mis8issip|»i,  and  three  fourths  of  Alabama.  What  two  rivers 
unite  t(j  lonii  tiic  Alabama  ?  Ca..  Ta.  \S'iiicii  is  riie  pritieiptii 
trihularv  of  the  Alabama  \  C — b— a. :  the  principal  tributary  of 
the  Tombii^by?  H— k  W— r. 

WUtit  ((iirii\\yi\r\\\t>  nionlb  of  Mobile  river, on  theVest  hank? 
Me. :  near  the  moulh  of  tin;  eastern  arm  of  Nbtbile  nver  '  By.: 
at  the  heail  of  steam  navii^atiou  on  the  Black  Warrior  f  Ta. :  at 
the  head  of  nuvi^^Mitiun  on  the  CiH)sa  f  Wa. ;  at  the  head  uf  Mus- 


cle shoals  on  tlie  Tennessee  ?  Dr. ;  at  thefoot  of  Muscle  shoals  ?  | 
Fe.     W  hich  is  the  lari^est  town  noitli  of  the  Tennessee  ?     He. 

What  canol  in  this  state  /  Au.^.  One  anaind  Muscle  shoais, 
ahaig  the  riulit  bank  of  Tennessee  hver.  Wliat  r«//;w/(/.s/  Ann. 
1.  Krom  Tuscumbio,  on  the  Tennessee,  below  Muscle  shoals,  to 
Decatur,  above  the  shoals ;  'i.  From  Montu:omery,  ou  the  Ala- 
bama, to  West  Point,  on  the  CMKittahooehee. 

What  is  the  face  of  the  country  f  Aha.  In  the  south,  low, 
level,  jmd  sandy  ;  in  the  north,  liilly ;  iw  tho  extreme  north, 
mountainous. 

GEORGIA. 

Pqunre  miles.  61,(t83.— Population,  (iDl,3i»^.— Pop.  to  sq.  m..  tl. 

1.  Ge*>rgia,  the  tl:ird  state  iu  tlie  Union  in 
size,  coniljiues  rich  iniuenil  and  agriouitura 
resources. 

t2.  The  soil  tuid  pnKliiclinns  are  like  those  of  S.  CarolJiui. 

3.  (lold  is  fuiuul  in  the  norllieni  part  (>f  the  slate. 

'1.  The  Clierokee  and  Creek  Indians,  who  nccnpied  tlie 
western  half  of  the  slate  ii  few  years  i»ince,  have  been  rc- 
ninved  to  the  IiidiiUi  territory  west  of  the  Mississippi. 

MiLi.t:i)nKviLLK,  the  capital,  is  ii  place  of  some  trade,  at 
the  head  of  steamboat  navigution  on  the  O — n — e. 

Savunnoh,  tfie  hir^'est  city,  and  chief  comineicial  dopnt. 
Is  on  a  high,  sandy  bliiti",  at  tlie  head  of  ship  imvij;atioii,  on 
the  S — b  river,  17  miles  from  the  liar  at  the  iiiouth. 

Augusta  is  fniely  silnaled  f()r  cuniinerce  on  the  S — h,  at 
the  head  of  navigation,  with  a  ierlilo  back  country,  and 
connected  with  Charleston  bv  railroad. 

Maron,  on  llie  (> — c — ni — e,  mid  Colnmhns,o\\  tli«  C — e, 
at  the  headof  sleaniboat  navii:ati(ui,  are  depots  of  populous 
and  productive  rei:ious;  Uarirn.  near  the  month  of  the 
A — a,  has  an  active  trade  in  cotton  andhnuber;  Hrnnsvick, 
on  au  arm  of  the  sea,  S.  of  Darieii,  has  a  ijood  friLMUe  har- 
bor; i>ahioncizn  is  the  seat  of  a  iiraiich  of  die  U.  ri.  Mint, 
in  the  ^'old  rejiioii ;  Dvctlur  is  important  a.s  the  point  at 
which  the  Central  and  (teoriiia  railroads  meet. 

Qnctfions. — 1.  For  what  is  (]e(a-u'ia  noted  ?  'J.  soil  ?  pmdiicts  ? 
3.  iinniM-al  pmduct  f  4.  What  Indians  rcceiitlv  iiere  ?  Where 
aro  they  now  /     M'/iar,  and  for  what  noted,  MilledgcviUe?  i.Ve. 


AL1..BAMA. 

Square  niilre,  54.0SI. — Population,  S'iO,7j»i. — Pop.  to  sfj.  ni.,  11. 

1.  Aliibaiiia  is  a  new,  cotton-growing  state, 
rapidly  incieasinii;  in  populalion. 


i.'.  'I  he  iamls  aloiij^  tuo  nveis  aro  very  terlile,  and  devot- 
ed chieHy  to  cotlon. 

3.  Tho  Clierokee,  Choctaw,  and  Creek  Indians,  who  oc 
cupied  the  whole  state  a  few  years  since,  have  been  re- 
moved to  tiie  Indian  ternlory  west  of  llie  Mississippi, 

Tl'?cat,oos.\.  the  capital.  Is  the  depot  of  a  fertile  district 
at  the  iieail  of  steam  iiaviLration  on  H — k  W — r  river. 

Mohilf,  tlie  lari,'er>t  town  and  fireat  commercial  depot,  is 
tuiely  situated  for  trade,  willi  a  L'ood  liarbor,  at  the  mouth 
of  >lol)ile  river,  on  whose  wide-spread  brandies  are  Hoat- 
ed  down  tlio  cotton  aiul  other  produce  of  a  f^reat  part  of 
the  slate,  and  parts  of  (Jeorpia  and  Mississippi. 

Montgomery,  ou  the  A — a,  and  Wclnmpha,  on  the  C — a, 
are  depots  of  a  fertile,  iiewly-setlled  reu'ion  ;  Florence,  \\ 
lin-iviiij/  town,  on  the  T — r.Justbeiuw  tho  Miuscio  shoals; 
Hnnfsx'iUe  is  in  a  pnpuhiiis  and  fertile  countiy,  north  ot'thu 
Tennessee,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  canal, 

Qiiesltona. — 1.  For  what  is  Alabnnia  noted  ?  2.  soil  ?  staple  ' 
:l.  Who  were  the  niiorieinal  niliabltants  ?  Where  nre  they 
now  ?     Where,  and  for  lehat  «u/ci/,  is  Tuscaloosa  ?  Nhibilc  ?  iVe. 

-2 'J 


m 


30 


MISSISSIPPI,    LOUISIANA,    ARKANSAS,    AND    FLORIDA. 


ft  P 


1 1 


i 


f  J 


J,/  Lontflliulf  MVst IJlfroinWiisliJiiutrtii  15 


iMmifhsofttif 


QUESTIONS  AND  EXERCISES  ON  THE  MAPS. 

MlSSI^SII'in.— nVa//,  staf,- on  tlie  N.  ?  on  tlu'  K.  ?  uii  the  S.  ?  on  tin- 
W.  >  What  river  toin-lnjs  tlio  N.K.  cornor  ?  Wlmt  t-'ull"  tlie  IS  K.  cur- 
ikt  7  Wlijtt  bouiiiliiry  piirallt'ls  at'  littilmle  on  thy  N.  and  S.  ?  What 
tv\()  rivxrh  stjimrutt;  it  truiii  Lmiiiiiunii  f     Mi.,  Vl. 

What  river  drains  the  S.E.  counties  7  Pa.:  the  N.E.  cnnntios  ?  Ty. : 
the  N.W.  couiitii'H  ?  Yo,  Whiit  two  rivers  drain  the  cfntral  i-onntii'S  ? 
B}.'.  Itk.,  ri.    What  is  their  uencrnl  course  ?     Aus.  From  N.  to  S. 

What  town  on  the  Mississippi,  just  helnw  the  nmuth  uf  tlie  Yazoo? 
V,'. :  near  the  moulh  of  t!ie  Bit,'  Black  ?  Gd.  Gf. ;  at  the  head  of  ship 
nuipCatiou?     \\z.     Wiiat  to-.vn  near  the  S.W   cornor  of  the  stat.^  '.'on- 


■1MIWI  II  1  ■■III  mil      n^m-^m^mmmm^^m^^mmmmmmm^m^mmm^^m^mmmmi^ 

ni'cteil  by  ruihoad  \\\v\i  tl.  Fiaiiiia\  iiiu  m  LuiuMaiia  .'  \\  i.-.  Wliat  is 
the  capital  of  the  state  T  Jii.  What  Inwn  a  Hltle  east  of  Jackson,  ami 
I'oniici-tcil  with  it  l»y  railroad  ?  Bn.  What  tu'.vn  a  U'W  miles  tSK.  uf 
Uraiid  (iulf  ?  I't.  (in.  What  town  six  uiii'-s  east  of  Natchei:  f  \\ u. 
I  What  is  Uie  lace  uf  Vim  (uuiiliy  f  An.-..  It  inay  hu  divided  into  tiiii-e 
I  belts  or  zones  :  1.  The  idt  of  low  lan(h  on  the  Missirjalppi,  usually  fioin 
I  10  tu  3U  miles  wide  ;  and  annually  overflowed  by  the  river.  2.  The  Llujf 
!  zone,  an  unduhitiri!.'  and  very  lertile  country',  from  10  to  40  miles  widu. 
borderinu'ou  the  inundated  Itmd,  with  Bpurs  extemiing  in  several  placcti  to 
the  river,  as  at  Grand  Gulf,  Natchez,  &.c.  3.  The  tnniiy.pine foixU  cvun* 
tn/.  farther  ea;t,  and  oj/crinL'  mure  ihiUi  half  the  ittatr. 


LOUhSlANA.— What  state  on  the  S.f 
on  the  K.  /  What  water  «n  the  8.  /  What 
country  on  the  V/.  T  What  three  boundary 
rivers  /  Mi..  PI.,  Se.  What  t-wo  boundary 
parallels  of  lulitmlu  / 

What  river  enters  Louisiana  near  its 
N.W.  corner,  and  Joins  the  Mississippi  near 
tlie  jiaralleiof  Jl-*  ?  U,*i.  Wlmt  river  drnins 
the  S.W.  part  of  Arkansas,  and  joins  Ued 
river  near  its  mouth  f  Wa.  What  becomes 
of  the  Mifsissippi  alter  it  receives  Red  riv- 
er /  Alts.  It  divides  into  numerous  branch- 
es called  Oiii/ous  which,  divei'^im;  from  eacb 
other,  slowly  wind  their  way  to  the  sea, 
funnini^  the  Delta  ot  the  Mississippi. 

What  ritif  on  the  Missiggtpvi  at  the  poiut 
nearest  lake  Pontchai  train  /  N.  Os. :  at 
the  etHux  of  the  Bayou  la  Fourche  7  De. : 
half  way  between  Uonaldsonvillo  and  the 
parallel  of  31"^?  B.  lie.:  connected  with 
Woodville  in  Mississipp'  by  railroad  7  S. 
Fe.  :  opposite  tJt.  Fruncisville  7  1*.  Ce. 

What  town  on  Rid  riier,  in  the  jtarish  of 
Rajddes  ?  Aa.  :  at  the  Umt  of  the  Great 
Hail?  St.:  halfway  between  Bhrevepoit 
and  Alexandria  7  Ns. 

Wlnit  three  rivers  in  the  S.W.  spread 
into  broad  lakes,  and  contract  ajioin  into 
narrow  Btreauia  beturu  eiituiing  the  sea  i 
Se..  Cu.,  Mu. 

What  is  the  face  of  the  country  7  Ait^\ 
Generally  level,  and  so  low  that  a  fouith 
part  of  tlie  state  is  inundated  by  the  annual 
fliHids  of  the  Mississippi  and  by  hij^li  tides 
in  the  gulf. 


ARKANSAS.— What  state  on  the  N.  7 
on  the  K.7  on  the  S.  7  What  countr\*  on 
the  S.W.  7  What  teiritory  on  tlie  W.I 
What  boundary  r'vers  ?  Mi.,  S.  Fs.,  Hd. 
Wliat  Umndary  parallels  7 

What  river  crosses  the  state,  dividim;  it 
into  two  parts  nearly  eijual  ?  As.  What 
river  crosses  the  S.W. comer?  Rd.  What 
river  drains  the  countiy  between  Arkansas 
and  Red  rivers  f  Wa.  Wjiat  two  rivers 
drain  the  chief  port  of  the  country  iiortli  of 
the  Arkansas  7     We.,  S-  Fs. 

What  is  the  face  of  the  country.  Ans. 
l'\)r  30  or  40  miles  from  the  Mississippi, 
low  and  swampy,  beim;  annually  overflow- 
ed :  farther  west,  the  laml  is  tirst  uiidula- 
tint.',  then  liilly,  ami  near  the  N.W.  corner 
of  the  state,  mountainous. 

What  is  the  soil  i  In  the  low  country 
very  rich,  but  it  must  be  drained  by  canals, 
and  protected  from  inundation  by'levecs  be- 
fore it  can  be  used :  in  the  undulating  and 
hilly  country  it  ia  very  fertile,  and  easily 
cultivated. 


FLORIDA.— What  two  states  on  the  N. 
ofFU)rida/  What  wiiterontlieE.7  What 
water  on  the  S.  and  W.7  What  river  di- 
vides it  from  Alabama  in  the  we.st  1  Po. 
Wliat  river  divides  it  from  Georgia  in-the 
N.K.  ? 

Wliat  river  rises  in  the  aouiheii.  part  of 
Florida,  and  running  north,  empties  a  little 
south  of  St.  Mary's  river  ?  S.  Ja.  What 
river  rises  near  the  source  of  the  St.  Mary's 
and  nins  S.W.  to  the  gulf  of  Mexico  7  So 
What  Inrue  river  is  formed  at  the  S.\V. 
corner  of  (ieorgiti  by  the  union  of  the  Flint 
and  (.'battaliooche  i     Aa. 

What  cape  at  the  southern  extremity  of 
Florida  7  So.  What  cape  u  little  N  ill.  of 
cape  Sable  7  Fa.  What  ke\s  (i»i-  rocky 
islets)  beuin  at  cajie  Florida  and  run  south 
and  west  UOU  miles,  ending  in  the  Tortu- 
tras  .'  Fa.  Ks.  What  reef  runs  parallel  with 
the  I-'Ioiidu  Kevs.  on  the  south  side  f     Fa. 

What  is  the  N.K  end  of  the  Florida  Reef 
cnllcd  7  Cd.  What  straits  separate  llie 
Florida  Reef  from  (.'ulia  /  Fa.  What  deep 
bay  on  the  west  coast,  half  way  between 
cape  Sable  and  the  mouth  of  the  Apalachi- 
c(jia  >     Ta. 

What  is  the  capital  of  Florida  7  Te. 
What  town  on  the  coast  connected  with 
Tallahn.'j.see  by  a  nulroad  7  S.  Ms.  \%'liut 
town  nt  till'  nioiitb  of  Apalacbuola  river  7 
All.  Wlmt  town  on  a  line  buy  a  little  west 
III'  Apababieola,  and  connected  with  it  by 
a  raiiro.id  !  S.  .Ih.  What  city  on  a  tine  bny 
near  llie  wesii'in  boundary  /  Pa.  What 
city  on  the  Atlantic  coast.  'JO  miles  S.  of  the 
mouth  (M  S(,  .lobn's  river  f  S.  Ac.  Which 
way  fi"om  capj  Sable  is  Ki-y  West  7 

What  is  the  face  of  the  countiy  ?  Ans. 
Low  and  Iev<'I,  iiu  part  ii.<>iM^  itioie  llian 
'JOU  fn't  above  the  level  of  the  ocean.  The 
southern  halfiscovered  by  immense  swamps 
called  everglades,  and  the  northern  h  dt  bv 
exloiisive  pineliire.sts,  intersnetseil  with 
huminocks  (or  suial)  moands),  low  prairies. 
J  i.jide,  nud  swiuiipa. 


3L 


Ulii 


^■i.  'JiiLiiliW'iii  iiil.miilWPrf**?"- 


i 

i 


( 


MISSISSIPPI,    L  O  U  I  S  I  A  N  A,    A  K  K  A  N  S  A  S,    AND    FLORIDA. 


31 


Irler  (iiMieial  .lacksnii,  Hif,'niilly  cl^'lbiili'il  n  bntish  invading 
arinv,  wim  I'lHi^-lil  lieie  (in  tliii  Dtli  (if  Jannary,  Ifll.'i. 

linlnn  Rotifif  \*  i\  niililai-y  post  of  tlin  U.  Slates,  witli  nn 
arsenal  nn  the  M — i,  lii!twocn  IJ(inalils(invill(!  and  I'nint 
Cnniiei?;  Alcj:nndriii,  the  deiml  of  a  rich  cot'on  district,  on 
K — d  river,  near  tlni  center  of  tliu  slate;  Nnlchilochrf 
(Nali-i-tosli),  an  old  Krcncli  lowni,  formerly  the  center  of 
iraile  with  Mexico,  on  R — d  river,  nlio've  Alexandriaj 
Shrrvrimrl,  n  landiiiz-place  on  Hed  river,  at  tlio  foot  of  the 
(treat  Itaft,  wliich  liirnierly  choked  the  river  thron^di  n 
sjiacu  of  Kill  miles,  iiut  is  now  removed. 

QKcslinns. — 1.  For  wlml  is  Loiiisinna  noted  7  2.  What  did 
Lnaisinna  cinhrnce  when  owned  hy  France  )  Into  whiit  states, 
,V;e.,  now  divided  I  :>.  stii|.U'S  1  4.  What  jmrts  are  caltivatcd? 
What  are  levees,  and  of  what  ase  ?     ft.  What  is  a  crevasse  ? 

Where,  and  fur  what  noted.  New  Orleans  I  Baton  RoU(;o  I  &0t 

ARKANSAS. 

Sq\inrc  miles.  M,(il7.— I'opuliitiiai.  117,.")71.— Pop.  to  sq.  m.,  2. 

1.  Arknnsas  is  a  cotton-growing  state,  of 
recent  origin,  having  been  indeiiendent  only 
since  1830. 

2.  It.s  pnpnlatinn  is  small,  scattered,  and  almost  exclu- 
sively agricnlttn-al. 

3.  C'otlon  is  tlie  staple  prodnctinn.  The  monntains  con- 
tain mines  of  iron,  lead,  coal,  and  salt,  but  they  have  not 
yet  been  worked. 

4.  The  navifration  of  Red  river  is  obstructed  in  many 
places  by  nccnninlations  of  driftwood  and  fallen  trees, 
called  rnfl.1,  which  choke  np  the  river  on  its  surface,  some- 
times for  nniny  miles. 

I,iTTi,r.  Rock,  nn  the  Arknns,as  river,  near  the  center  of 
the  state,  is  the  capital  and  larfiest  town. 

Ilnl  Sprin^a.  ,'i()  miles  W.S.W.  of  Little  Rock,  has  Ions; 
been  a  resort  of  invahds;  Van  liurcn,  on  tlje  .•\rkansin 
river,  near  the  western  bonndary ;  liatexrillr,  m\  While 
river,  and  Fiiin/feville,  near  llie  N.W.  comer  of  the  state, 
are  also  important  villages. 

Qiinliniif.—'i.  Fur  wlmt  is  Arkansas  noted?     2.  How  is  the 
pniMilation    distrihilted  ?    3.  stajdc  jimdiiolion  '! 
What  obstruction  in  the  rivers  .' 


miiiernls  ? 
-Where,  Little  Hock  I  *e. 


MISSISSIPPI. 

Rqunre  mOcs.  ■tn.X'ili.— ro|iuliitiiin,  ;i7.'i.r.."il.— I'np.  In  =q.  m..  ". 

1.  Jlississippi,  like  Alabam.n,  is  a  new.  cot- 
ton-growing state,  rapidly  increasing  in  popu- 
lation. 


nij^  in  iriio'l. 


A  BUumtioat  on  llir  ,U/M'"(^.''/i;i 

2.  The  fhoclaw  and  Chickasaw  Indians,  who  occnjii 
the  state  a  few  years  since,  have  lieen  removed  to  the  In- ,  ell'ort  to  slop  it 
dian  territorj- west  of  Ihe  Mississippi. 

3.  CotUm  is  llie  staple  prodnclion.  Indian  com,  tiilr.u- 
CO,  sweet  potatoes,  and  many  delicious  fruits  are  also  well 
suited  to  tin'  climate  and  soil. 

.Iacksos',  the  capital,  is  (Ui  I'earl  river,  about  .'id  mites 
S.W.  of  the  center  of  llie  slate. 

Niilrlirz.  m\  the  M— i.  the  larjiest  town,  and  a  |i!a<'e  of 
extensive  tnule.  is  built  chielly  on  ;i  |in>ii|iltous  blulV  :I00 
feet  above  the  river;  bnl  iiartlv  aloiii;  the  river  at  the  loot 
of  Iheblnll'.  ' 

1  ■/>/.■,•./) Ki-s-.  on  the  M— i.  jnst  bidow.  the  luouth  ol  the 
V_„.  is  the  second  town  ill' business  and  population,  iual 
tin'  depc'it  of  an  exietisive  and  fertile  couulrv. 

I  the  T— v.  the  dep'd  iif  the  S.l'.part  of  the 


ernnu-nt.  wlucll  has  since  divided  it  ii  ,i  the  si.iles  ol  Lou- 
isiana. Arkansas,  and  Missouri,  end  the  territtn-ies  of  Iowa, 
Missouri,  OreL'ou,  Siv. 

S  Tlle  staple  production  aluire  lat.  HI'  is  rnllnv.  and  be- 
low that  parallid.  smxnr.  wliile  the  line  jiruiriesin  the  .S.W. 
feed  iinineuse  herds  i>(  eafllc  and  liorsrs. 

■1.  Ciiltivaliini  is  almost  conllned  to  the  rich  nlluyial 
strips  (Ml  the  rivers;  and  to  |initect  thiun  from  immdation. 
Irrrrs. Ill-  miilBals  of  earth,  usnallv  .'>  li'et  lli-ill  and  IJ  wide, 
are  erected  ahui;;  the  banks.  On  the  Mississippi,  llie  levee 
cmnmences  at  Point  Coupee,  172  miles  above  New-Or- 
leans, and  reaches  below  that  city;  in\itly-liiiilt  houses,  im  | 
linely-cultivnted  plaiitaiious.  extend  tliniu^'h  this  long  line 
like  one  c(nitinued  villa!;e.  .      . 

5.  A  rrn-nssr  is  a  breach  formed  in  the  levee  in  time  of  j 
inundation  by  the  waters,  which  rush  from  the  river  with  j 
indescribable  iinpettinsitv.  roariui'  like  a  cataract,  and  Ire- 1 
Upiently  tearinu'  up  the  (irop,  buiidinc's.  and  even  the  laud  | 
'  itself,  in  sjiite  of  the  inhabitants,  who,  for  miles  above  aial  j 
1   liidow,  instantly  hasten  to  the  spid.  ami  strive  by  every  I 


FLORIDA. 

Pqiinrr  miles,  .'■>n,,l:l(j.— I'opilliition,  Til, 477.— Pop.  to  pq.  m..  t. 

11.  Florida,  noted  for  its  luxuriant  vegeta- 
I  tion,  was  a  province  of  Spain  until  1810,  when 


l^rc 
Spain  ceded  it  to  the  United  States, and  in  1844 
assumed  rank  as  one  of  the  states  of  the  Union. 

2.  The  coast  extends  1200  miles,  and  is  accessible  only 
at  a  few  points,  on  account  of  shallowness  in  the  water. 

3.  The  soil  is  generallv  sandy  and  tioor  exceiit  in  the 
Imnimocks  and  on  the  rivers:  but  the  cliniati?  is  so  wanii 
and  moi>t  that  the  live-oak,  the  beautiful  magnolia,  the 

'tton-plant  and  suijar-caiie,  oramjes,  lemons,  tigs,  and 
other  rich  Iriiits,  llonri>li  andidiouud. 


» 'tgetalion  m  Fhrutti, 
Florida  being  a  limestone  cotmtiy.  and  cavern- 


4.  West  . 

ous  in  its  structure,  niaiiv  of  the  rivers  sink  into  the  earin 
and  emiM-!;e  auain.  leaviiig  a  naniral  bridge  across  the  sub- 
terranean stream.  On  the  Santa  I'C-  there  is  iniu  of  these 
nalural  briik'es  three  miles  long. 

r,.  All  ve,s,-ids  ccuniiiL'  out  of  the  uulf  of  Mexico  pass  by 
the  Fhn-ida  Re(d'.  and  the  N.L.  part,  called  Carisliird's 
Reef,  is  the  scene  of  frequent  shipwrecks. 

C.  The   Seminole   Indians,  who   lecenlly   nccnpieil   the 

southern  part  of  Florida,  allev  a  loui  and  bloody  war  with 

the  I'liited  Slates,  have  been  subdued,  and  removed  to  the 

Nrw-Oiit.KAN«,  the  capital  of  the  stale,  and  one  of  the  ,  imiian  territory  west  of  the  Mississippi. 

greatest  commercial  depots  in  the  wm-ld.  is  liuely  situated  |      Tam.aihsskk.  the  capital,  is  in  a  high  and  healthy  sitiin- 

for  trade,  100  miles  from  the  sea.  on  the  hdt  bank  of  the  ;  (j,„,^  m,,!  s„|-,-oiin(led  bv  a  f.u-lile  terrilorv. 


Oiliso'i,Brnitih'n,  IVnnIiiinTlfn  & 

Onn'iiins. — \.  For  what  is  Mississippi  noted  ? 


dialis  recently  occupied  the  stil 
now  !   ;i.  .Staple  pmducliiai  !  — Wl 


Where 
..l.l.k.- 


y.  Whnt  In- 
these  UidiiiMS 
.\uti-hcz  (  Ac. 


and 


<',)/i(m/o(s.  on  the   r — V 

state-  non./r(7/c  inw  lite  S.W. com.M-;  (7r«,n;  ri^(/f.  Ao-/   lor  trains  tun  nines  irinn  llie  sj-.-i.  .,,,  to.-  M-oo,,,,..  ,.,  .,.,,j,„,,,^ .    -  -       ,-      ,.  •     ,    «    . 

'  '  •    ,,|,re,iisothriviuL''towns. !. Mississippi,  by  which  river  and  Its  branches  It  has  steam- j      .v,.  ^i,,;,,,,,.^/,,,..   the  oldest  town    in  the    Lmted   Sl.-itos. 

^  boat  eonimunication  with  all  the  stales  and  terrinuies  be- 1  c,|,„|(j,|i  j,,  i;,!;,),  l,,,,  ,,  ^,,,|jd  harbiu-  for 
tween  the  Alleghanv  and  Rocky  Monnlains. — The  popu- 
laliou  has  increased"  with  great  rapidity  frcim  lO.OOO.  in 
IKO-J.  lo  100.000,  in  IIMO:  and  embraces,  besides  Frein-h 
and  Spanish  Creoles,  imniigranls  from  all  jiarts  of  the  I'ni- 
ted  Slates  and  I'.nrope,  with  cohncd  persons  of  every 
shade.  The  \aliie  of  the  domestic  and  foreign  produce 
brought  to  this  |iort  in  a  sinude  year  has  sometimes  ex- 
leeiled  110,000,000  dnlliir,;  and  (d'teu  2000  tlatdiimts.  ,^,0 
or  liO  steamers,  and  hundreds  of  ships  and  other  sea-ves- 
sels are  seen,  ut  one  time,  loading  or  unloading,  along  the 
1  liv  France,  and  called  Louisiana. 'f 


LOUISIANA. 

Pqanre  miles.  47,4i:i.— l'i>pi>liili"n.  a, .-.',4 M .— I'np.  to  «(|.  in..  7. 

1 .  Uoiiisiana  is  !i  great  sugar  a  lid  cotton-grow- 
ing state,  with  vast  commercial  advantages. 

2.  The  whole  of  the  V.  States  west  of  the  Mississippi's 


Fiance  sold  it  in   IKIIM.  for  ll.VOOO.OOO.  to  the  \  .  S, 


The  Imttle  of  New  Oileans,  in  which  the  Americans,  un- 


smiill  vessels 
is  Ihe  resort  of  invalids  on  account  of  its  tine  cliinali'. 

/',-?iK(n-,i/r7.  noted  for  its  line  lnnb(a-.  is  the  principal  na- 
val station  of  the  rnited  States  in  the  sulf  of  Mexico. 

Kcv  H'cs/.  (Uie  of  the  Florida  Keys,  with  a  hue  harbor 
for  the  larL'cst  vessels,  is  important  as  a  naval  .station,  nnd 
as  the  port  at  w  liicli  ve.-.-.eU  and  goods  r,  ..-ued  by  wreck- 
ers fnuu  the  neighboring  reef  are  carried  tor  sale. 

Qin'<///nis.— 1 .  For  what  is  Flm-ida  noted  '  ■:.  character  of  its 
coast  7  3.  soil  7  climate  !  pi-odnctions  ?  4.  Wlint  is  rennirkahle 
in  the  rivers  7  ft.  For  what  is  the  Florida  reef  noted  ?  (i.  V\  hi'C 
ludiinis  reciuitlv  lived  here,  nnd  whit  has  become  nl' them  ! 

W'Ui-rc.  nnd  iiir  wlirit  not'il.  Tulhdiassee  ■"     ^r. 


If^: 


h 


M 


Hi 


KENTUCKV 


AND 


TENNESSEE 


TENNESSEE. 

•  Pqunrp  niilo?",  41,7."rJ.— I'oimlntion.  H:.".'.-J10.— Pon.'^o  pq.  ni,,  20. 

1.  Tennessee, onre  a  part  otW.  (Carolina,  and 


QUESTIONS  AND  EXERCISES  ON  THE  MAP. 
TKXXJ':S:^I-:i':.— II'/V/;  ^fn/va  oil  tlie  N.  ?  on  the  K.  ?  on  tlie 
S.  ?  on  the  W.  .'     Wliat  river  tiinns  the  western  honndury  / 
Whnt  pnralli'l  oflntitude  the  southern  boundiirj'  ?     What  sep-  i 

"  wh^J^verr^iS"!;;  l^St^V^r^^.  sweep,  thro,,.., | fi^'^t  settled  l.y  white  men  in  1770.  now  rnnks. 

<\\a  iKirtliem  counties  ot  Miihlle  Ti'iinessee,  and  the  westnrn  i  in  population,  ns  the  flttil  StntC  in  tilG  Union. 
i'Hrt  of  Kentucky,  iinil  e, Iters  the  Oiiio  nenr  its  mouth  ?     Cil.  1      ^    hm         -i    i-xfin         i  ..•     .  ^^<  •  <• 

What  riverrecciVos  tributi„ies  IVon,  \  ii-L'inin,  and.  swccpinirhke  I .  "•  ^'"^  »'"'  "'  -M"''llo  :,l)(l  W  est  1  cimesseo  is  very  ferlilo 
n  //throual,  East  Teluiessec,  Xoili,  Ahdiaiua,  and  the  western  ",'  '^"™-  tohnccii,  iind  eiittuii,  ihe  fiieat  staples  of  Ille  stale. 
p:irta  of  Teuuessee  nud  KejitiieUy,  caters  the  Oliio  just  lielciw    l'-:ist  Tennessee  is  a  lino  (.'razing  eonntiy,  and  sends  lai-ge 


KENTUCKY. 


the  Cuinherhind  ?     Te.     Whiit  two  hniiiehes  of  the  Ti>nnesst 
rise  in  Viririnia  ?     Ch.,  H|^     What  nioiintnins  from  Keiitueky 


droves  of  lilt  cattle  to  the  tNisJoru  markets. 

3.  The  Tennessc^e  and  Kentucky  ritlenmn  nre  excRllont 


mn  S.W.  aeross  the  stnte  to  Ahibiuna,  (hvi.iin^'  tlie  waters  of    marksiuon.  and  makp  brave  and  eHieient  sohliers. 


the  TJftper  Tennessee  from  tliose  of  Ciunberlami  river?     Cd. 

Wiint  is  the  faee  o^  tlio  coantry  7  Ktist  Ti'nnes.sce  {tlie  part 
of  the  state  east  of  C'uiiib(!rland  mts.),  mountainous;  Middle! 
Tennessee  (from  Cumberland  nits,  west  to  Tennessee  river), 
hil.y  and  uiidulatiiig  ;  West  Tennessee,  level  oiid  low.  i 


A.  The  lir.-*t  settlers  siitlered  severelv  in  bloodv  coilflict.s 
with  the  Indians,  who  hnrnoil  their  caliiiis  and  murdered 
thei)'  fauiilie'^;  lint  the  br:i\f*  baekwocjilsineu  t^ooii  sulxlued 
llie  savic'c  toe. 


KENTT'CKY.— ir/m/  Rfutr^  on  the  N.  7  on  the  K.  ?  on  the  '■ 
P.  ?  on  tlie  VV,  ]  Whnt  rirrr  scpi/n/fi-i  Kpiifucki/  from  Missouri  ? 
(rfim  Illinois,  Indiana,  nnd  Ohio?  What  river  and  mountains 
ilivide  it  from  VirL-inia '?  j 

What  two  tartre  rivura  frnm  Tennessee  enter  the  Ohio,  riO  or 
•10  miles  from  its  mouth  ?  Whnt  three  eonsiderahle  rivors  enter 
the  01noop(»osit(!  the  Indiana  shore  ?  Gn.,  St..  Ky.  Wlnit  riv- 
er enters  the  Ohio  opposite  Cineimiati  ?  J.t,'.  \Vhatis  tlit-  u'fii- 
i-ral  ettarse  ftf  the  tributaries  o(  the  Ohio  from  this  state  '  Ans. 
I'^-om  Sdi^.  to  N.W.  Wliieh  three  of  the  trreat  rivers  of  Ken-  { 
tueky  rise  in  tlfe  Cumberland  mountains  ?     Ll'.,  Ky.,  Cii. 

WliMt  is  the  eai>itjd  of  Kentucky  .'     On  what  riv.T  is  Frank- ' 
f  irt  ?     What  larL'e  town  on  the  Ohio  connecti'd  with  Franklort 

l.vrailronti  ?  What  l.'iru'e  town  eastof  Franklort.  and  conncctt'd  i.,..' ,,;(•  i  .  ,,,  ,,.„ 
with  ithv  railn.ad  ?  II',W//  r<»>shkrahle  town  on  (he  Ohm  in  Ma-  j  "  '^"^'""  <-""""> 
\  on  eranitv  ?  Me. :  1.5  or  'Jn  miles  below  Maysvillo  '\  Aa. :  at  the  I .    ^f'''nplii<.  in  the 

miiuth  r)f  biekim.'  river  ?   Xt.  I  '^  iitvorMbl>  sitimted  lor  trade,  bein*-'  on  a  bhitr,  elevated  :H)  feet 

\\7<irh  vat/  frnn  Fi-anhfoii  is  Gooreetown  ">    DnnviJlo  ?    Har-  ^  "*>""■''*  die  hiL-hest  lloo,!.  and  die  mily  spot  ipn  the  rivi-r  not  ha- 
mdsbur-?  Bnrdstuwn?  Princetun  f  the  Mammoth  Cave  ?  the   '*'"'  t"  uiundatiun  Idl  you  come  to  \M'ii.sbiiri:,  3t;.'>  miles  I 


N.ASMVIM.F, 

oniporimii  of 


the  rap 
tlie  Htuti 
n  th 
W. 


id  eMHiiiiercia! 


-"'-' '  "'J  "nOU/-> 

tin!.  lar^'est   towj 

,  and  seat  r)f  a  univrr.-itv,  is  in  a 

I'  ;,Me:it  bend  of  (.' — d  rivi'r. 

comer  of  the  stnte,  on  the  Mississippi 


Gjtp  in  Cumberland  mts.  ? 

What  is  the  fare  of  (he  ronntry  ''  An^.  Tn  the  P.E..  nicrcrd 
and  mcHintainous  ;  nlont;  the  Ohio  rivor,  hilly  ?  west  of  the  Ten- 
nessee, levi'l ;  in  the  center,  unduhitin'-'. 

What  canal  ?  Ana.  The  Lnut^rtlh-  mitl  Porfhnul  raunl,  a  mile 
and  a  half  loner,  around  the  falls  of  the  Ohio  at  btaiisville,  ad- 
hiits  steamboats  of  the  larcost  class,  and  is  0U9  of  the  nuist  ini- 
piirlaiit  rnnals  in  the  V.  Slates 


KniKirilh:  the  lart'est  town  in  ICast  Tennessee,  and  the  seat 
of  n  polle-e,  is  on  the  H— e,  iti  il'e  innrtion  "f  th  '  I'lein-h  Broad. 

Amnni-'  th(!  considerable  villa^'es  are  (irrmri/U'  mid  A/hrns  in 
Kast  Tennessee  ;  (\./iini/"fi  and  Frtniklm  in  Miildle  Ti'miessee  ; 
liolirar  and  7,'/  (ininjr  in  West  Ti-miessee. 

Qne^fion". — 1.  For  what  is  Tennessee  noted?  2.  soil?  pmdur- 
tious  ?  3.  Fur  what  nre  the  Tennesseewis  famous  ?  4.  trials  of 
tirst  settlnr-p  '     Where    and  fr.r  what  noted.  Nashville  '  &e,     * 


Squnre  miles,  40,033.— Popiilnti on,  779,82^^.— Pop.  to  nq.  ni.,  20. 

1.  Kentucky,oncen  partorVirnpinia,antl  fii-st 
exploretl  by  Daniel  B(»one  in  1770,  now  ranks, 
in  popukition,  as  the  sixtii  state  in  llie  Union, 

•2.  The  whole  state  hcl{)W  the  n'ountniiis  re^t'^  on  n  bed  (if 
limesKaie,  whi<'h  is  exca-  j-  ^  a,  ni|t|itVix;^^i*arvV  K- 
vitteil  to  the  depth  of  sever-  jjllV^  WnMlMlif JF  Vl/^' 
al  hundred  feet,  by  the  riv-  ^i^'  liJ^^HlBEli^^!? r  ^  ,' 
ers.  The  liniestmie  coun- 
try also  abounds  in  conical 
cavities  on  the  surlace,  cad- 
ed  nin/,-ho/vs,  and  in  exten- 
sive   snbterraneiHi    caves, 

!  one  of  which,  the  Miintninih 

I  ('avt\  on  (jreen  rxM'v,  hits 

;  been  explored  f^i'VLM-id  miles 

,  from  its  mouth  !  Ncc  (!iit. 
;i.  The  sod  is  uenendiv 
fertile,  and  the  central  te- 
L'ioii,  wnlered  by  the  Liik 
inu',  Kentucky,  and  S.ilt 
rivt.TS.  bus  beeti  styled  "  the 
Garden  of  the  West." 

4.  The  staples  are  eoni,  tobacco,  hemp,  winai.  iiUM  ini  iiiitle 
r).  Hemp  is  exteiiisivcly  nnuniiuctm-ed  into  collon  hn^,LimL;  and 
eordaL'e. 

Fkankkoht,  the  capital,  is  on  K — v  river,  fiO  miles  from  it« 
;  nmuth. — l.ninsnllf.aw  ihe  O — o.Just  above  the  fall.*!,  which  give 
j  a  ereat  water-power  fur  mamdiutures,  is  (lie  lirst  city  in  poi»- 
julation,  trade,  an.t  \\i^ii\i\\.—I.,.t(huf'in,\.\\ii  si'Ci.iid  town  in  jiop 

ulatitui,  and  the  s<*at  t.f  Tr.nnsylvania  niiiversilv.  is  benutifidry 
.situated  on  a  branch  of  LiekiiiK  river,  in  Uiu  een'ter  of  "  the  Gar- 
idenuf  the  West." 

M'li/svilli  .mi  (be  f) — o,  is  the  eonnnereiid  (hi()nt  of  tin-  eastern 
I  comities;  Aui:u^fa.  ihc  sent  of  a  MethfMlist  c<,llei.'e  ;  iSr'rporf 
j  and  ('oiingtoii,  inanufacturinL:  towns  ;  Ihn loihhin is.  famous  for 
I  its  minenu  spring's  ,  I  funs  t'.v,  iho  scat  t-i  Cenl-r  e.ili.-^e  ;  Ihinls- 

loirn  mifl   (ieorL'rfoirn.  the   Peats  of  Hnninn  Catholic  collci^es  ; 

ami  Prtnafon,  the  seat  of  Cmnbeilm.d  eoileu-e. 

QumfioTis. — 1.  For  what  is  Kentucky  noted  ?  2.  What  natural 
curiosities?  3.  soil  ?  4.  staples  ^  .'">. 'manufai  tares  7  Wler-M 
and  fur  what  Ufted.  Ftnnkfo'-!  '  Ar-, 


mmmif^ 


10 


V 


30 


to  sq.  m.,  2n, 

lia,  and  first 
now  ranks, 
the  Union. 

if'^   (HI  n  hoi]  (if 


,  ■.<\i'l    till    (■IlltlfV 

nil  l.tii^yiiiL^  Wid 

I  miles  from  its 
iiIIp,  wliicli  give 
rst  rity  in  ]io\r 
i()  town  in  p(){> 
-.  is  iifnulifiilly 
.er  of  "tilt;  Giir- 

t  of  tin?  onstprn 
lli'i-'f  :  Aru-porf 
niis.  I'lnnons  for 

lluilic  colk'L-es  ; 


Wlmtnaturnl 


» 


QCTESTIONS  AND  EXERCISES  ON  THE  MAP. 

INDIANA. —  W'hiil  stuff  im  lli.!  .V.  dI' Imlinim  ?  iiii  tin'  K.?  on 
till-  S.  >.  cm  Urn  \V.  I  Wliiit  Ink.'  kiucIi.'h  tiio  N.W.  c-.irni-r  ? 
What  river  si'pnrjites  it  rromKi'iitiifkv  !  NViint  rivi'rlVomOliio, 
nflor  iTossini,'  liicliami.  (onus  its  wcstrTii  liounilnry  1  ! 

Niimc'  tlic  jirincipiil  trilmtiiry  of  tlii'  Wiiluisli.  We.  Niimn  tlic  twn 
orrnt  l.rmii-hcs  i)f  Wliit.-  river.  IIcivv  iiiiicli  .if  Iniliiina  in  .Iri.iiir'.l  |.y 
llin  Wiilm»li  ?  /Iii.«.  Ali.iut  tlir.'o  f.nirtliK.  Wlint  is  tlio  gi'mTul  I'uurso 
of  til.!  rivers  of  Iniiii.uH  t    Jh«.  ."^.VN'. 

Whnt  two  rivers  unite  Ht  l-'ort  Wiiyue  to  form  the  Mniimee?  In 
wlint  Ptate  (ioes  .-^t.  Marv's  riv.-r  ri^.'  t  la  \vli;it  r-tat.'.  .-^t.  .(.i«..i)ti"«  r.  I 
iriinl  is  the  general  loiinc  of  .■^t.  .Mary's  r.  I  of  .St.  J.isi'iili's  r.  (  of  tlie 
Maurni.'e? 

[)eperihf!  the  Wahash  ttiuf  Erie  rutinl  Ans.  It  })e',nti«  in  Oliio.  en  lake 
K—o,  at  the  inoutli  .)f  .M— i' riv.'r.  ati.l  nnis  u]i  111"  vall.'y  oftliatriv..r 
to  Fort  W — e,  where  it  cross.'S  into  the  viiIl.'V  nf  th.r  \Viilin..|i.  wlii.li 
It  follows  to  I.n  Kiiv.'tte.  jN.B.  Th.^  other  eaimls  on  the  map  of  thi^ 
state  nn-  unlini.-h.'.'l.  .'Xrept  thi'  Wliitewat.r  .■anal  in  tla'  S.K.  .■.ini..r.| 

What  railrmit  in  In.liaii.i?  Ani.  From  M.i.lis.ai.  on  tlu'  O— .i,  N.W., 
throulh  (.'— »  to  Iiiilianapolis.  What  i»  til.'  I'oiir.-.'  .if  111.'  Sivi«nnl  r(nid 
in  Indiana?  A>is.  W.'ht  t.i  In.lianapolis,  inul  tlu'iu'e  W.t^.W.  tliroujli 
'j'^^>  H — e,  on  111.'  Walia...!],  into  llhn.ns. 

What  Imrn  on  Ink.'  .Mii'hii,'an  I  at  tile  nninnof  Pt.  Mnry's  nnri  PI.  .lo. : 
sepll's  rivors  t  at  tli.'  ll.'a.l  .if  steam  n•lvi^ati.ln  .in  til.'  Waliasli  i  at  til.'  1 
intersection  of  tlii'  Nnti.mal  roa.l  with  tli.'  W.  fork  of  White  rivi'r  (  at 
tlie  en.i  of  a  railroad  on  Ih.'  Uliio  t    What  towns  at  the  falls  of  tile  Ollio  I 


INDIANA. 

Ffiniirc  inil(^f.  n.'..r>Ofi.— roputntion.  tierj.SfiR.— Pop.  to  aq.  m..  \'>. 

1.  Indiana,  thonnrh  the  smallest,  is  one  of  the 
most  thrivinfT  oi'the  Western  States. 


iMllO.—  Wliof  s/f'fr  on  tli--  X.  ?  on  tlio  K.  ?  on  tlio  P.K.  ?  on 
tlio  S.  .'  on  til*'  W.  ?  Wlint  Iitki-  wnsln's  tin"  nortlifni  const  ? 
What  river,  llio  soMtlicni  honttT  ?  liilo  wlint  <io  till  the  riwrs 
in  the  north  (Miiptv  '      Into  \vh:it.  nil  th<>  rivers  .Htlit*  .south  ? 

U  hut  river  trniii  [n.lijtiia  ctiNrs  Iitlto  llrU*  near  t!u'  N.  line  of  tlm 
state?  Whnt  river  jtniis  the  Ohio  in  the  S,\V.  (■oni''r?  Whnt  river 
pnsSL'fl  ncnr  tlm  center  of  the  •'tate  find  idirit*  the  Ohio  ei[  Port-iiunith  t 
What  river  drnitis  n  lin  ve  imrt  of  tlie  eii-t  half  of  the  htate,  auii  ioins 
tlie  Ohio  nt  Miirieitnf  \\  hut  river  in  the  N.K.  enter;*  lake  Krie  at 
ri.-velnii'i  ?  What  river  ritea  near  thu  (tource  of  Si-iitto,  ami  run^i  N. 
to  Hanihi^ky  hay? 

p.'scrilie  the  Ofn'n  rnnnK  Ann.  From  rortamnittli,  on  thp  Oliio.  nt' 
the  innitthritUie  S — o.  it  rilll^  lip  the  vall.'y  olttiitt  river  HO  mill'?,  ero^s- ' 
e^  to  t!ie  Miii-kiiiLnnii.  [la.-re-t  up  tlie  valley  ol' the  TuHCHniwaB,  n  hrnneh 
tif  till-  Mu-kiiuiiin.  to  i'lirtiiiii'  ^-inninit.  aiiil  Hi-n  (le,>-(,'i'nil(i  the  valley  of 
[li,.  C— a  to  ('I'v.hiiifi.  hrnticli  eaiiiil-*  ennnecl  it  on  the  rH!»t  with 
norkini;  ami  MiiskinLnun  rivirf,  nmi  witli  the  Ohii>  in  i'eiinsylvnniu. 

De-Jcrilie  the  Miitmi  and  U'tih'inh  canal  Ann.  From  Defianfc.  on, 
the  W!ih!i?h  imil  V.nv  vv.wX.  ct  the  mnntli  t^\•  \\\  fJInize  river,  it  nin^  \ 
Honfh,  up  the  vaHey  of  that  river,  an.l  tiown  the  vnlley  of  tho  Miami,  i 
to  Hamiitnn,  whence  U.  crosses  to  Cinciiinnti.  ; 

IVhn'tinrnnn  the  (Mfe,  nt  the  mouth  of  the  Mu.->kinciim  ?  month  of  the 
Hci'ito?  hitwi'cn  tlie  two  Minmis?  ("\.  U'ltiV  totrn  tih,-rt  tfn' y<irioiial  ^ 
mud  rronHen  the  Muskinynm]  the  Seioto?  What  town  at  the  mouth 
lit  the  f'livnhoiTHT  nenr  the  month  of  Hiin(hi8Uy  tmy  ?  Sv.  Cy. ;  n.  ar  the 
lijiiutJi  yt'>Iiiumpe  '•  1*0.  :  i*!  junction  of  Mml  i'iver  with  Miitni '  Pn.      i 


A  Jial-Oual  oh  Uh  ti  aitUfli. 

\l.  In  I!!  II)  the  popiilnlioti  wjv*  less  than  0'),0n(»,  mid  iu 
III  II).  nearly  TDO.OOII,  nn  incri'ii.-^c  of  HO  iuUl  in  'M)  voarH!        i 

;f.  Tin*  cdiintry  smiili  of  Wjiilc  river  and  its  Kast  I'orU ' 
is  hilly  and  nm^li ;  larliier  north,  it  is  eitlier  hnel  or  nndu 
latirifr,  with  forests  and  prairies  beantirnlly  interspersed. 

•1.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  (Nirn,  wheat,  pork,  beef,  and 
livfvstoelt  are  ihe  staple  prodni-rnms, 

,').  Th''  iKiitle  1)1"  'ri|ipecaM're.  in  which  tlie  Americ.ins 
inidt'r  lieneral  Harrison  sii^rially  defeated  ihe'lndians,  wan 
foiiL'ht  in  lltl  I,  at  the  jnin-tion"  of  Tip[«ecanoe  river  with 
the  I'pper  Wahasli. 

rvni.\N  M'oi.is.  the  capital,  is  pleasantly  sitiiatr<l.  on  the 
West  KiirU  of  \V — e  river,  near  the  eeiitetofthe  state. 

MmUxiiii,  n  plnce  of  considernhlo  hn.siness  ;  inul  I'm///.  nt)te(l 
for  its  viiieynnls,  phniteti  hy  Swiss  eniiunuits,  hoUi  on  the  (tliio, 
near  tlte  S.K.  corner  of  i  tie  state;  St'ivAlhinm,  a  llourisliiin,' 
town  at  tlie  falls  of  the  Oliio:  \'nn'*'rnie'i,  on  the  Walmsh,  an 
o'd  French  setllemeiit ;  Tcnr  l/'/u/r.  linely  situated  for  Irade,  nt 
the  nieetiiiu  of  a  L'reitt  river,  roiid.  and  canal ;  Lfi  l\///>f/r  and 
A"i.'«  »-</>'>»■/,  IhnirisluML'  town*;  on  llielpiier  \Viil)asli:  nnd  Aflrf/i- 
fion  ctt//,  the  only  L'ood  lamliiiL-  plnce  on  hike  Michigan  withni 
tho  stnto,  are  ninoii^  llie  other  noted  phxces. 

Qiifsiwnn.—l.  For  whnt  ii»  Indiana  nnted?  ?.  Ilnw  rapidly  hns  it 
inrreapeii  ?  :i.  invt^  of  the  country  (  1.  j=oil  ?  t-ta|il.'P  ?  Ti.  When,  where, 
nn.l  hetwern  what  parties  was  the  l)iinle  orTippeciUioe  ? 

Will  re.  and  for  whnt  noted,  hidianapoh-?  M.uliMiii  *  ,«'"•, 


OHIO. 

Squnre  milep,  10.500.— ropulniioii.  l.-'jlO.-hll.— Pop.  to  sq.  m..  rifl. 

1 .  Ohio  is  the  most  populous,  wealtin .  and  im- 
proved state  west  ot*  the  Alleghany  Mountains. 

2.  The  first  white  setlleinent  was  made  in  17Mf);  nnd 
now  Ohio  is  the  third  stale  of  ihe  Tnion  in  pnpnlalion.  and 
has  nearly  a  ihoiisand  miles  of  canal  and  raih'oad  ! 

;i.  Tho  comitry  is  generally  level,  except  in  the  S.E., 
where  it  is  broken  ami  hilly.  It  is  forested,  except  in  the 
cenli^r  and  N.W.,  where  are  rxteii-ive  j)raiiios. 

4.  'J'he  soil  is  very  fertile,  and  nine  lentha  of  the  wljole 
are  capable  of  [inditable  cullivalinn. 

().  Corn,  wheat,  and  pork  iU'c  llie  staplo  pro(biction8. 

G.   Ir(ni,  coal,  tnid  salt  abonnd  in  llie  8.1^  enmities. 

C'oi.L'Miif«.  die  capital,  is  a  tlotirisliinij  town  nn  the  S — o 
river  and  National  road,  near  tho  center  of  the  slnle. 

Cincinufjfi,  on  tln>  () — n,  m^ar  tho  S.W.  comer  of  the 
state,  is  tlin  InrL'est  and  wealthiest  town  in  llie  West,  and 
the  greatest  ))ork  market  in  ihe  world. 


L'liicninact  J.aaditig. 

i'/nrfnnd.  nn  lake  Erie,  has  nn  extensive  trade.  Sninluski, 
cifi/,  on  S — y  hay.  is  the  depot  of  a  hii:hly  fertile  interior.  Sfcn- 
hniviih',  in  n.  c((al  region  on  the  t> — o  ;  Ziiw^nlU:  on  the  M— m. 
at  its  lower  hills  ■.  l>'iiiton.  on  (he  M — i.  nt  llie  [unclion  of  Mad 
river;  iind  (Jiuh'ir<'//n\  on  the  .-^ — o,  me  ail  lloiei^liinu  numulac- 
turini^  towns.  I'liTj/shurir.  at  the  head  of  nfivi-aiiiai  on  the 
M— e,  nnd  'J'oIkIo.  iiear  its  nioiith,  are  new  trntliiiu;  towns. 

Qtif!»ti(yjiit.~].  Fur  what  \^  Ohio  noted  ?  '-1*.  Ihnv  rapidly  Inn  she  in- 
rrenfied?  ;i.  tace  of  the  <-ountry  ?  1.  ^^oiW  .'».  staples*  ti.  minerHUy 
.Where,  and  for  wluit  noted.  Coinnibus?  Cineiinrnt' »  Sir. 

rja 


iil 


I! 


^tl 


34 


MICHIGAN    AND    I  O  W  A. 


[it, 

« '- 

i  ; 


M 


QUESTIONS  AND  EXERCISES  ON 
THE  MAFS, 

MICHIGAN —W'liiit  p(TuIir\nry  in  th<t 
pnnirinn  ni  Mii'liii;(in7  /(ri.4.  It  roii.^iHt)!  of 
twii  larmi  [H'liiimulHs. jutting  between  fimr  of 
thf)  fivp  LTffit  Ainoricftii  iRkm. —  Which  oj'the 
f!tf<U  taken  irtmhi'M  the  i«)rlh  const  of  thi; 
nni-thcrn  iirnirifluin  '  the  south  ronut  uf  thi} 
luirtlicrti  (H'liiriHuhi  ?  llio  rant  roant  of  the 
BoiilhtTii  lu'uitifliiln  ?  tlie  wfst  rnnst  (if  tlie 
(KHiHirrn  (ii'iiiiiNuhi  7  Wliii  h,  thu  8.K.  it-r- 
ncrot'thr  istntc  f  VV'hatlake  between  lakes 
Krir  mill  Hnrnri  ? 

I  \  'hot  nnu- III-  uf  rmr  rnti  nrrfu  Inkn  Superior 
nml  Hunin  ]  Hurmi  luid  Mli'hiL'nw  I  Ilnniii 
nncl  St.  (Mair?  St  Chiir  ami  Krin  ?  Fnmi 
whateciuiitrv  in  Mirliiunii  nepnralerl  by  Inkrs 
Supcri(ir,  itumti,  nml  St.  Olair  7  Whnt 
stiites  on  tilt-  S.  of  Mi^'hi^•a^?  What  state 
find  territory  on  the  \V.  / 

What  iirent  hiiy  nets  up  into  Wisconsin 
frniii  the  N.W.  end  of  hike  Mioliignn  f  lln. 
What  uri'iit  hny  sets  up  from  lako  Huron 
into  tlu'  Hoiithern  peiiiii«ula  \  Sw.  Whiit 
river  in  frlfii:inu\v  counly  fnmied  by  four  InrtM) 
nnviuiihh-  slreiuns  h"oni  thi^  N.IC,  S.K.,  H., 
nn<i  N,W. '^  Into  what  hny  does  Satjinuw 
river  empty  7  What  two  ronsi<lerabfo  riv- 
era  enter  fake  Krie  from  this  utate  7  Hn., 
lln.  What  two,  enter  liiki'Miehiyan  south 
ot  tJrand  river  ?     Ko.,  S.  ,lh. 

What  lari:o  town  on  D.-troit  river  7  What 
town  on  an  island  in  ttie  strait  between  lakes 
Humn  and  Miehiunn7  What  town  on  the 
strait  between  lakes  Superior  and  Huron  I 
What  fnwti'i  (read  trcmi  the  map)  on  the  rivar 
Uaisin?  on  Huron  river  7  on  the  Kalamazoo? 

What  is  the  face  of  the  eountrj*  7  Ani.  In 
the  southern  peninsida.eitluM- level  or  Kcidly 
unduhUiniT,  and  covered  with  a  dense  foresr, 
intersjiersed  with  oak  oponiniis,  and  prairies 
of  a  moderate  extent.  The  noithern  penin- 
sula is  a  wild,  ruirst-Ml  country,  as  yet  imjier. 
fuetiv  exploreib 

What  railroads  in  Miehi'mn?  ulnx.  1. 
railroad  fmm  Monroe,  near  lake  Erie. 
Adrian, to  bo  c(mtinued  thrnuL'h  all  the  south- 
ern counties  to  New  Hutlalo  an  lake  Miclii- 
tian.  witli  a  liraneh,  already  completed,  from 
Adrian  to  Toledo  in  Ohioj'J.  A  railroaii  from 
Detroit  to  Marshall,  to  he  continued  west  to 
St.  .losepii  on  lake  Mirhii-'nn  ;  ftiid,  :i.  A  rail* 
road  iWjm  Detntit  to  I'ontiae. 


IOWA.— How  is  Town  honnded  7  Wlint 
river  sep'irnffs  if  from  Wisconsin  and  Illi- 
nois? what  river,  from  Missouri?  Whnt 
is  the  ceneral  course  of  the  rivers  in  Iowa  ? 
Into  what  L^reat  river  do  they  empty  ? 
Which  are  the  four  largest 7  D.  Ms.,  Sk., 
In.,  n.  Cr. 

What  is  the  face  of  the  country  and  soil  ? 
Ana.  Iowa  is  a  ftsrtile,  unduhitinu;,  well  ..a- 
tercd  country,  with  timber-land  and  prairie 
"onveniently  intermixed. 

What  river  enters  the  Misissippi.  just  be- 
low the  falls  of  St.  Anthony  7  S.  Ps.  What 
river  risi's  lu'ar  the  sources  of  the  St.  Peter'd 
and  Mississippi,  and  (lows  north  into  Hritisb 
America?  H<I.  VVhnf  inkft  lrcat\  fmm  th(? 
map)  ronmrfrd  inth  the  Mississippi,  near 


MICHIGAN. 

f-'qunre  mllo.a,  G0,r)37.~Populntion.  3l'.i,-207. — Pop.  to  eq.  m..  •!. 

1.  Michigan,  in  the  center  of  the  great  Amer- 
ican lakes,  is  unsurpassed  in  advimtaires  for 
commerce  by  any  inland  state  in  the  Union. 

2.  The  white  sftlletneiits  are  at  profieiit  nlinost  coiiHncil 
to  the  snuthcni  p.irt  of  the  soutlieni  ))eniiisula. 

3.  Tlie  Chippewa  ami  Ottawa  Indians,  who  occupy  the 
res*,  of  the  state,  have  wtld  their  country,  and  are  about  to 
remove  werJt  of  the  Mississippi. 

4.  Tiie  pojiulation  increased  from  less  than  5000,  in  1810, 
lo  min-e  than  '200.000,  in  1840. 

5.  The  Boil  is  very  fertile,  nnd  fnvoraI)le  to  all  English 
grain*,  hut  wheat  is  the  slajiU'  production. 

6.  Copper  abounds  in  tlie  upper  or  northern  peninsula. 

7.  Afpiatic  fowl  ami  wild  paine  ahtnind,  and  white  tish, 
caught  in  the  straits  and  lakes,  are  largely  exiM)rted. 

8.  Small  lakes,  witli  clean  sandv  bottoms,  fed  from  pure 
perennial  sprint:^,  and  embosomed  in  l)eautihd  groves,  are 
profusely  scattered  over  the  Bouthern  ciuuilies. 

Drtroit,  on  Detroit  inver,  the  capital  and  lar,TPst.to\vn. 
formerly  a  military  post  of  the  French,  and  n  great  dejtot 
it(  the  fur-lradf,  i:>  uow  tlie  st-at  <.l  an  *xlfii--ive  (.ujuniiTt  <', 
Bteambrials  constantly  runnin-^  to  IlulValo  and  otlier  ports  on 
the  LM'eut  lakes. 


Jiitiiaim  n.-isfmtii' li  at  MmKinun.. 

Monroe  is  well  situated  for  manufactures  and  cnnunerce  , 
at  the  lower  iiills  of  the  river  Kaisin,  and  acfe.ssible  by  thei 
Iarj:est  vessels  from  llie  lake. 

Adrian  and  Tecuinsfh.  lui  Rnisin  river;  Ann  Arbor,  the  i 
seat  of  the  universiiy  of  .MJcliJL'an.  and  Yimlonti.  on  lin-j 
rou  river;  ./rtcA-,sn?(,  on  (band  river  ;  /'en//«c.  on  the  Clin- 
ton ;  Kdhimazoo  and  Mnrshol/,  on  the  Kalaniii/oo  ;  and  Sf. ' 
'  Morys,  at  the  rapids  of  St.  Maty'a  river,  between  hikes  Su- 
perior and  Huron,  are  also  iniportunt  places.  j 


:      Quostiong. — 1 .  For  what  is  Michiiran  noted  ?  2.  Wliere  nro  the 
;  white  settlements  ?     ;j.  What  Imlians,  and  where  do  they  live  ? 
,,     ,  .  .„  1  Tt  o       -I-  .  1   !  "*•  How  rapidlv  has  the  i opnlation  uruwn  ?  .O.  soil  !  staple  7  fi.  ■  t   „,„  .,,,      „ 

Mackinaw  is  a  vdlairo  and  U.  S.  mditarj-  post,  on  an  isl-   mineral  .'  7.  anunals  ?     -a.  What  feature  of  the  landscape  in  the  i '       *  "1  i      "    '      '  ^-  '  ''  f-^ 

and  and  strait  ot  the  same  name,  commanded  bv  a  fort  on   southern  countica  ?— Where,  and  for  what  lu-ted.  Detroit  ^  Ac.    P^rtflot  the  luiited  tjtatCB  and  trimi  fcurope 


with  Ued  River?  with  St.  Peter's  I 


WISCONSIN. — WHiat  lake  bounds  Wisconsin  on  the  en^t? 
What  river,  on  the  west  ?  How  is  it  houndcil  on  the  north  '! 
Ui}\v,  on  the  south  1 

What  laru'c  hay  in  lake  Michiean  N.  R.  of  the  state?  What 
river  enters  (Jreen  hay  at  its  south  end  ?  Of  what  lake  is  Fox 
river  the  outlet  .'  Wo.  What  larire  river  ontei-s  the  Missis- 
sippi in  the  .<,W,'.'  Wn.  In  what  direction  lio  Green  bay, 
Fox  river,  and  the  lower  part  of  the  Wisconsin  run?  What 
fort  at  the  portatre  between  Kox  and  Wisconsin  rivers?  What 
tuwn  (u  ttie  Mississippi  ahove  the  month  of  the  Wisconsin? 
What  town  at  the  nioulii  of  l''ox  river.'  What  lariio  town  on 
lake  Michiiran  ? 

What  is  the  faro  of  the  country?  Ana.  Either  level  or  nn- 
dulatinu':  welltirnhered  near  lake  MirhiLran.  hut  fallinir  off  to 
oak-openiuL'S,  and  then  pniiries.  towards  thu  Mississippi 

IOWA. 

Sqnnrr  milps,  73,000— r"pulalirin,  1211,000.— Pnp.  lo  xj.  m.,  .1}. 

1.  The  new  state  of  Iowa,  admitted  into  the 
Union  in  1810.  lias  increased  in  po[)ulation 
more  rapidly  since  1838  than  any  other  state 
or  territory. 

2.  Till,  fertile  sriil,  firm  cliinritr.  and  nrodiictivp  mines  of 


eiir  lli'iusnnds  (if  iiiiiiiii^rHiits  from  all 


T 


J? 


■10 


MU 


43 


42 


..^ft^Mmi^mimmgwJdV'^'fs:^  ■ 


3RCISCS  ON 
t, 

i-iilinhty  in  the 

.4.    It  COIlxitltH   of 

betwcriifourof 
n —Which  of  thf> 
'th  conn  ol  th(! 
ulh  coniit  of  tho 
fi.it  I'Diitit  ol*  the 
rat  roniit  of  ttm 
<  h,  tliu  U.K.  lHT- 
e  betwoon  taken 


(■lik'aij  I  Huron 
A  Krin  ?  Fnmi 
[inratcrl  by  Inkrs 
Clair  ?  Wlint 
I?     Whatstoto 

into  Wisronsin 

Mioliignn  f  On. 
on)  Inko  Huron 
I  \  yw.  Whnt 
iipil  hv  four  laruti 
1^  N.l*:.,  S.K.,  H., 
y  (tors  Su«inu\v 
•onsittcrnbfo  riv« 
ufl  Htntt'  7  Hn., 
'Micliiyan  aoutti 

litrivor?  Wlmt 
it  ln'twccn  lakps 
Imt  town  on  tlic 
•ior  anil  Huron  ? 
iiaji)  on  ttie  river 
tlic  Kalainnzoo? 
luntrj'  7  An*.  In 
tM-  tevnt  or  Kditly 
;li  a  dtMiBo  tbresf, 
inus.  nnii  prairioo 
'  ncn-tiicrn  ponin- 
ry,  (IS  yt't  inijier. 

ran?  Ann.  1. 
r  take  Eric, 
iiL'ti  iitl  tlio  south- 
to  on  lake  Miclii< 
■  completed,  from 
1.  A  raitroiui  from 
imtinutMl  west  to 
n  :  nnit,  :i.  A  rail* 


onndcil?  What 
iflconnin  and  llli- 
tissonri  ?  Wlint 
;  rivers  in  Iowa? 
(1  thi'V  einptv  *. 
BIT     li.  Ms.,  Sk., 

country  and  soil  ? 
uhitioi,',  wotl  ..a- 
-land  and  pniirio 

[isissippi,  just  he- 
?  S.  Pa  ■  What 
of  the  St.  Peter's 
nortli  into  Hritish 
Ivi  (rend  frntn  the 
Mississippi,  near 


nain  on  the  east? 
eil  on  tho  nortli  ? 

lie  state  7    What 
what  lake  ia  Fox 

'Utei's  the  Missts- 
u  do  Green  liay, 
isiii  run  ?  Wtiat 
w  rivers  7  What 
llio  Wiseonsiu  7 
lat  lariio  town  on 

littler  level  or  nn- 
hiit  fatiioL'  otf  to 
MiasiasippL 


p.  to  Brj.  m.,  .1*. 

ilted  into  the 
T  population 
/  other  state 


Inctivr  mines  of 
i'^rnnts  from  all 


Previously  lo  its  aiiinisf^iuii  into  tlie  l^nion  lu  iiti  iude-l      Quesfiom^. — 1.  For  wlmt  ia  Iowa  noted?     'J.  Wtiat  attracts  ,  l)en(l 
pendoilt  Btuto,   it  was    tho  S.K.  piUt  of  the  tcrrilortf  of|  etn>>'i«rntits7     3.  What  was   luwa  previous  to  its  ndiM.ssion  |  stick. 

I  into  the  Union  7     4.  Wlmt  liuliiuis,  and  tinw  nnuli  of  the  lerri-  i 

---  (  (Sou/).  S;u-8,  Foxes,  nnd  otlii-r  Tndi:»ns  still  h'""-^'  ''"  '''*'>'  '"''""ryj     ''■  ^\t'iit '"'"^■|;''  'dnmnds,  iind  in  what  I 

rofuu  over  nnnu  lliuu  nim^  tenths  of  ilie  terrilorv.  I*."'S"'  '  Vi  ''''■''»">■>    .  '*■  "["I''''^  ■    ,''■,  'l'*^^"  .*'"  '''V  ''"*•"""*  "*" 

\     l>ii)i.i.....>   «..  tK  .  m:.  .....  .I'  .1        ■   1      .    sii>t  I — \V  here,  and    i)r  w  iiit  noted,  Jowa  eity  f  «.Vc. 

.».   Uuinnpio,  on  tho  .Mississippi,  (unin*  [imt  ol  the  richest |  ^ 

lend  ref^ion  in  the  wiirld 


s  ovtu'  the  Hide,  and  theu  beating  \vitli  a 


Iowa. 

'1.   The  Si.ni 


.   Iinliun  corn,  lead,  and  live  stock  nre  tlie  staples. 
7.  The  Imlians  subsist  cliictly  by  hiintiiiu'  and  lishiiiR 


WISCONSIN. 

H(]unro  milr.«.  r.8,000. — I'opulntion,  lr>.\-,'T7. — rop.  to  sq.  tn..  2; 

1.  The  new  state  of  Wisconsin,  ndmittcci 
into  tlie  I'nion  in  184(),  is  rapidly  liliinjj  np 
witli  an  imiiistriuiis  and  energetic  ])opula- 
tiiin. 

'J.  I'revioiihly  to  its  jiillnissioti  iiitii  tile  I'liicili  iis  an  imlr- 
|n'inli'iit  statL',  it  (Viriru'd  Ihu  suiillitM'il  part  uf  thi:  tcrrUoiy 
nt'  Wisconsin. 

M.  Till'  (Tliippcwii,  ^ViInll■ll:ll:'>.  McnmnoniM*.  nnd  ntJu^r 

[liiliinis  still  lucnpy  iicinly  the  wluilu  ol'tln;  tulritiiry  nortli 

I  of  Fox  ]iM(l  \\'isron>in  rivt-i-s. 

^.     ,    ,  ,  ■!■  Onint  iind  Iowa  coiintii'B.  in  tlin  S.W.  cornrr  of  tin' 

'        '^  ■'  tcri'itory.  iiri*  tiio  most  protlnctivc  part  ot  tin*  i;ri'at  IinkI 

Iowa  ciTV,  tho  capital,  was  laid  ont  in  ISlll.  in  ii  fine,  district  iin  tin;  Mississippi,  and  co|ipcr  is  also  ft>nnd  liore  in 

licaltliy.  l(MiiU.  c(niiitiy.  on   Iowa  livcr.  Sii  irjilcs  IVoin  the  almndancc. 

Mississippi,  and  is  alri-ady  a  considnalilo  town.  |      .1.  Tln-wliolc  loail  district  riicliidin:.'  tlio  parts  in  Uiiiiois, 

Ihirliuoi.-,,,^  on  tlif  M— I,  10  or  fiO  niilfs  fi-orn  (I»;  S.E.    and  Iowa,  yii-lctcd  in  IS:!:!  inorf  ('nan  :i(».000.000  poiin.ls. 
corner  ol  tin;  territory,  lia.s  a  f;ood  laiidin;,'.     Blnominelitn  is  ]      (i.  ficsidi's  lead  and  copjicr,  llio  staplu  prodiietioiis  are 
iidvanta^coiislv  located  on  a  licnd  in  tlio  M— 1.  at  tlie  lirst   wheat  nnd  live-stock. 

place  aliovi'  liinlinu'ton  where  a  town  can  lie  Iniili.     l)u-  \     7.   Wild  rice  :;rows  in  the  hil<es,  rivers,  and  liiiy.i  of  the 
bmiiie  (l)ii-liook),  on  tlii^  .M— i.  opposite  the  N.W 
of  Illinois,  is  thu  emporium  of  the  lead  re:;i(ai 


.  cmucr ;  territory,  where  tin;  water  is  from  4  to  7  feet  deep,  and 
1  when  ripe  the  Inili  111  women  gather  it  in  their  catiocs  1 


MAni-iiv.  the  ca|iital,  is  a  new  town,  in  a  heantiful  and 
I  liealthy  situation,  lietween  two  lakes,  near  the  center  of  tlio 
1  surveyed  part  ot  the  territory. 

}  Mihra'ikre.  the  nlo^l  tlonrishinjr  town,  is  on  lake  M — n, 
with  the  host  place  for  a  harbor  on  that  coast.  Green  lint/ 
is  a  thriving'  vill,-ii;e  at  the  month  of  F — .x  river,  oppo.^ite 
Fort  II— d.  ]\irt  }Viiiiu'li,i!;„  is  at  the  iiorlai;e  between 
F — K  and  W — n  rivers,  on  a  ureat  route  between  tile  lakes 
and  the  Mississippi.  Praine  dn  Clih'n  is  in  a  beautiful 
prairie  on  the  M — i,  above  the  mouth  o*' tho  W — 11. 

Qiu'.i!-!i>l.i. — 1.  Fia- what  is  Wiaconsin  l!et!;J  ?  *?  ^^'bntwos 
Wisi'oiisin  previoasly  10  its  nthnissiun  into  the  I'nion?  3. 
What  Imlians.  niiil  where  do  they  live  >  A.  W'liiil  minerals, 
and  where  nre  they  Iiaiiiil  f  .'i.  How  inucli  does  the  whcle  lent* 
district  of  Wisconsin,  town,  nnd  IIIiiiMis  \ield  '  (i.  staples  ?  7 
Wliera  iloe.s  the  wild  rice  irrow,  and  how  is  it  cuthered  ?— 
W'liLTO,  nail  fur  wlmt  anted.  Madison  '  Ac. 


I 


y| 


K)l 


IH 


i  > 
V 


QUESTIONS  AND  EXERCISES  ON  THE  MAP.  | 

MI:5S0UUI.— Wliiit  ti:rritor>-ini  iIjp  X.  ?     What  two  states  : 
nn  the  K.  ?    WlmtstHH^  nii  tln-V.?    Wlmt  territory  im  tliuW.?  j 
What  four  boumlury  rivura  T    What  two  buiiiidary  paralluls  of 
hititiidc  7 

What  trreixt  river  nins  entirely  arrnss  tlio  stnto  from  west  to 
east  I  Wlmt  two  hirtre  triliutiirh's  of  the  Missouri  from  the  S. .' 
Oe.,  Ge.  Wimt  two  from  the  N.  ?  ihl,  Cn.  Wfiirh  is  the  lar- 
^^est  trilnttariftiftlu'  .l/iA-si-ssf/'/^/,  north  of  the  Missouri  ?  St.:  «outh 
of  the  Missouri  ?  Mc.  In  whiit  purt  of  the  stale  are  f^t.  Funi'is 
nnd  White  water  rivers?  In  what  part,  Wxn  Illuek,  t.'iirrent,  and 
White  rivers  ?  What  inountuiin*  in  tiie  .S.W.,  on  the  Arkunsus 
boundary  1 

What  lartje  town  on  the  Mississippi,  17  miles  below  tiio  mouth 
of  the  Missouri  f  rf,  Ls.  What  towns  on  tlie  Mississippi  .south 
of  ?rt.  Louis  .'  Hm.,  S.  Oe..  X.  Md.  What  town  on  the  Missouri, 
'M  milus  from  its  nionlli  ?  S.  (.'s.  What  is  the  capital  of  Mis- 
souri ?  On  what  river  is  it  ?  On  u-hiif  r/nr,  IJcKmville  ?  Frank- 
lin 1  Iiif!''p^nihMtff  ?  Miri'*ii  •  iiy  '/  Whiih  wny  fronr  St.  Louis 
arc  tlie  lead  and  iron  mines  ? 

What  is  the  fiin;  of  tin;  I'ounlry  1  Ana.  North  of  Osaqe  and 
Missouri  rivers,  a  tJue,  unduiatini:  reu'iou.  wuil  wtHnied  near  the 
eireams,  and  ulsewherc  spreadiuL'  into  extensive  [prairies  ;  south 
of  these  rivers,  broken  atid  mountainous,  except  in  •''•;  y.t--, 
near  the  Mississippi,  whore  it  is  low  and  inuudated. 
•66 


ILLI.VOIH.— What  tprritorv  on  the  N.  ?    What  state  on  the  I 

E.  ?  Oh  the  ri.K.  1  on  the  S.W.*.'    What  territory  on  the  N.W. .' 

What  boundtirjf  ri'Cr  on  the  stdf  ot'  Indiana  l  of  Kentiu-kv  ?  of 

Missouri  and  idwaT    '^V hat  boundary  parallel  og  the  X.  /    ^Vhat 

;lake  on  the  N.K.f 

'  What  three  larue  tributaries  oftho  Mississippi  from  this  state? 
'■:  Ilk.,  Is.,  Ku.  What  is  their  peneral  coursj  {  Which  of  the 
'  three  is  ii)rnied  by  two  branelics,  one  ri.slnj.'  in  Wisconsin  and 
;  the  other  in  Indiana  ?  How  lart:e  ti  |iart  of  Illinois  is  drained 
by  these  throe  rivers  7  Aw.  About  thn-e  foui  tli.s. 
I  What  lari(o  town  on  lake  MicliiL'an  ?  Co. :  in  the  X.W.  corner 
'  of  the  Htatet  fJa.:  on  the  Mississip|)i.  betwctii  the  mouths  \f\'  the 
;  lliiiiMis  and  Missouri  *  An.  What  town  at  tlurunion  (*f  the  Ohio 
'  aii'l  MissisHi[»pi  \  Co.  What  is  the  capital  of  the  state  7  >^i\. 
What  larL'O  tiiwn  on  the  Mississippi,  west  of  tJitrim:helrl  ?  Uy. 
I  Describe  the -//«-"/.v(//;(/.V'(/(  (!.'(/ 'if '/""/■  Am.  FrfunChicuL-o, 
jon  lakeMichiiiar  't  runs  S.W.  down  the  valleys  of  iJes  IMiiines 
;  ami  Illinois  rivers  lo  I'eru.  iit  the  head  of  steamboat  navigation 
nn  tin;  IliinuiK.  Wlicn  iiiiiKlud.  it  wii!  admit  vessels  drawhiu'  ti 
I  feet  of  water,  from  lake  Michi^-an  to  the  Mississippi. 
!  Describe  the  Xtf"'tu/i  Road.  Ans.  From  Terre  Haute  ui  la- 
'  diana  it  runs  W.S.W.  throuL'h  Vandalia  to  Alton. 
'  What  rtnlroad-'  in  Illincus  !  Ans.  The  extensive  liuea  of  rail- 
road laid  down  on  the  map  have  been  eoimnenced  in  nniiiy  parte, 
but  only  a  few  Uii.es  are  fmisbed. 


TEX  AH. — What  country  on  the  N.?  Wlmt  country  and  wlmt 
water  on  the  K.  7  What  country  on  the  tf.W.  ?  \\  hat  bound. 
iLr\  rivers  on  the  side  of  the  U.  tiiates  7  Ud.,  Se.  What  iMjuud- 
arj'  river  on  the  side  of  Mexii'o  ?    H.  CJe. 

[\ute. — The  boundary,  flccurchn^*  to  act  of  Texan  Concrrse,  Dec.  19, 
IKtfi,  is  tlie  lUo  Gniudf!  from  it^  uioutli,  in  the  iaiU  of  Mexico,  to  itd 
source,  thi-nre  due  N.  tn  pftmllfl  of  4'J-  N.  latitude  and  thcnt-u  the  hoiuid- 
nry  of  the  V.  Stittiis  to  tlie  milf  of  Mexico.  The  Texiina  Hctmilly  oc- 
cupy only  Uie  S.K.  part,  uxtenihni:  i.'tX)  or  :iOO  niilea  from  the  gulf.] 
I  Which  are  the  three  lafirest  rivers  that  enter  the  eiilf  of  Mex- 
ico between  the  .Sabine  and  the  llio  Grande  ?  Td.,  Us.,  Co. 
What  considerable  river  half  way  between  the  Colorado  and  Kio 
(irande  7  Ns.  What  two  '.-onBiderable  rivers  unite  and  empty 
i  into  a  bav  halfway  between  Neucea  r.  and  the  Colorado  '  Ge., 
S.  Ao.  What  small  river  enters  Galveston  bay  at  its  N.W.  ex- 
tremity 7  H.  ,lo.  What  river  enters  Sabine  hike  or  bay  at  its 
N.\\'.*exlreniity  ?  Ns.  What  is  the  L-iuieral  course  of  the  riv- 
ers in  Texas  .'     Am^.  From  N.W.  to  H.\\.. 

1  What  i**  the  fa''*,'  "f  the  cnoiiti-;^',  climnte,  and  roII  7  Ans.  For 
j  7*1  or  ?iO  miles  trom  the  coast  the  counliy  i-**  level,  and  very  fer- 
,  tile,  free  from  marsh  or  swamp,  but  subject,  at  certain  seasons, 
to  bilious  diseases;  then,  lor  aUiut  100  miles  conies  a  tine, 
[healthy,  fertile,  roilinu'  cfnoilry  ;  and  then,  a  broken,  moimtain- 
■  (uis,  and  couipariitively  barren,  but  healthy  reL'itiu. 

H-iw  is  it  wooileil  /     Au.s.  Well  wooded  on  the  hanks  of  tho 


1 — 

t  •     

1 
1        1 

iL 

i 

1  - :  -  _ 
j  1 

1 

1 
\ 

!  LU 

:HiCAA 


f'litfHimisn 


Bvniuville     3^ 


Si 


il 


fit  country  uml  what 
\y.  1  Wlmt  bound. 
,,  Se.   Wliut  iMjuiid* 

<iin  Consrcso,  Dec.  IP, 
cull  (ii  Mixito,  to  in 
ami  thcnt'u  tilt:  liouiui- 
('  Ti'xans  'Ktuiillv  uc- 
ilea  from  the  (^ulf.j 

Iter  the  tnilCnf  Mex- 
lule  ?  t<i.,  lis.,  Co. 
lie  Colorado  mid  Kio 
crs  unite  nnd  empty 
I  the  Coliirado  '  Ge., 
hny  nt  its  NAV.  ex- 
le  lake  or  hay  at  its 
rol  course  of  the  liv- 

nnd  Roil  7  A}is.  For 
level,  nnd  very  ler- 
,  at  certain  soasons, 
iiilt's  conies  a  tiiu-, 
a  broken,  iiioiiutuiii- 
ri'L'idn. 
on  the  bankii  of  tho 


\ 


liiifli'lll    lillilsdl    lii'li  alliluiMl,  liiMllliI' ll  Ijl    II   lillh'   lllnllll 

Iiv  liliiM- iir  l»iiiU-,  wliii  II,  III  tlii'lii'i^lit  I'IuIhiiiI  IIMI  iir  l:,it 
l.'i'l,  .|iN  ,iil  mil  iiiiii  liililr-liinilA. 

.'1.  'Ill''  II- III  iihiiiiil  nlii|ilrH  iirt-  ri>rn  fnnl  iflifaf,  iiiiil  llio 
iiiilli'  Hiiil  "wiiir  ciC  Ihit  |iniiiii'H  rui'iit-li  liiH'  hirj'  unit  i^rk 
III  iiliniiiliiiii  f, 

I'l,   l.rri,!  iiliiiiinili)  iii'ir  (Iiili'iiii,  mill  >''»'/  i<  rmiiiil  in  iii'ii  ly 

I'M'IV    I  llllllU    ill   till'  nlHlf, 

Si'iiisi.riM.ii.  Mil'  i'ii{iil:il,  \*  nil  till'  liiirilrr  iil'  ii  Uiiiiliriil 
IHiiiiir,  II  lilllf  W.  Ill' III.'  ri-lilii-  III' llir  nliilr. 

('Iiiiiit.'i>,  nil  liilli'  M  rliiu'iili,  111  till'  liiiiiilli  III'  CIliniL'ii  riv- 
•  ■r.  «  liiili  rni'llM  II  I'lir   huliiir,  rnlilH  uli  il  liv  ^lllll|l  riiliiil  w  illi 

iiiiU  i-i\i'r  mill  till-  Mi-<->iFt>i|i|i'i,  i^  llii'  liii'i:i'-^l  liiwii,  unit, 
hotii  III"  iiilviiiilll|ji-i«  III'  iln  litll.ltiiill  liir  Imilr,  Jiliilllisrn  Ui 
lie  mil'  III'  till'  ^'i'l'iiti'Ml  iiil;iiiil  ritii'H  in  Aini'i'irii. 

/I". (I  in  iil»ii  llni'lv  Bilii.iliil  111  III Illii'  lii'-i  hiiiiliiiL.''*  Ill' 

till'  M — |il,  iii'iir  till'  iminill'  III  till'  I— «  mill  M — ri,  iilnl  mi 
I  III'  liiiiiliT  III  III  II  lull-  III  I  mil  mill  liiiii'iitiiiii',  mill  all  I'Mi  n- 
^ivi:  liiii'Hl  III'  Dm'  tiiiil  I'l . 

<hihii,(,  in  till'  N.W  .  riiiiii'V  iil'tlii-  iitiitr,  U  fiimciim  I'm'  Ihn 
iiiiini'i'uiis  mill  I'ji'ji  Ifiiil  iiiiiH';*  ill  ill*  vii'iiiilv. 

A u  life  iiili.T  liiwiii  ii'i'  .Vi(i//.i.i,  till'  rliii'I'rily  111' till' 

Mmiii  III'',  liiiiiiiii.n  M'ly  llmin-.liiii:.'  tnw  n,  lui'l  Kii^kiinhKi, 
nil  iilil  I  ri'iii  II  »i'illi'iiiriii,  nil  till'  ,Mii<»ii-»i|ijii ;  (.'nin',  iit  Ihn 

inlli'li I'  Mil'  (llllii   willl   till'   MiMi»»i|i|il  ;    Shninnrloirii, 

nil  till'  llhiii',  mill  ,l,lrl,!iiiii  nil',  tliii  M'Ut  III'  Illilinlll  i:iillr;JU 
lll'lwi'ril  iH|ll'ill;;rn'lll  mill  lliiiiuy. 

<iiiriliiiiit.'  \    Kiirwiiiitii  Mliiiiiimiiiti.H    5.  WIml  |i|ii'iinir. 

I till'  |iriinii«'     ;t.  VVIii'ii'.  iiimI  ivhiil,  iH  till'  A ii.  ua 

ll.iM !    1.  hill'  i.t  till'  niiiiilr.v  .'   .•|    Mii|.li'i.  '   n    iiiIm'I'iiI'i  ( 

Wlu'iv,  mill  III!'  wliiit  iiiili'il,  S|lljl.^lil.lll  .'    CllililljU  (    iVtl  . 


TEXAS. 

riiiniili'  mill-..  :i;i'r.:il:i.— I'i.|iiili.li IUKMiHI.— Pup.  tn  fi|  III  ,  ' 

I.    'I'CMIM    V\ilH    II    liriA'illCC    (if  .\[('Xi('ll    lllllll 

I'"*.').",,  wlii'ii   jl  ilci'lnrcil   ilHcir  :iii  iliilciu'liilciil 

l!i'{iiililiir,  iiiiil  ill  IMI.")  it  Wits  iiiiiii'xuci  tci  the 

Aiiici'ii'iili  I'liiiili. 

'.'.  'I'hi'  Mi'viiiiiK  iiiiiili'  ppi'iili'il  iilli'iii|ii«  I'l  riiiii|iicr  till' 
iii'w  ri'|iiililii  ,  hill  wiTi'  -c'lMilk  ill  I'l  iiliil.  i-|iii  iiillv  in  ili.' 
iiiniiii.ihli'  liMllli'  III' Sun  .liiriiiln,  nil  llii'-Jiil  nl'  \{il'il,  IS  Hi, 
when  (ii'iii'i.il  ,S.intii  \iiiiii,  till'  I'i'i'.-iiilrni  nt'  .Mt'xicn,  wiih 
I.iki'ii  |iil«iiiii'i'.  mill  lili  iintiy  ili'Mlrnyi-il  liy  u  Ti'Xiiii  I'lii-rn 
lit  li'ill'  tli'-ir  nwii  iininliri'. 

I.   Till'   |i'i|ii|liilinll  in^i'  lllllll  Bi'Vi'll  tlinll.silllll   III   1SII7.  In 


uti-i'iniis.  tint  i'\L'i'y  wliiio  I'lsi' hilow  Ilii- iiiiiiiutiiniii  ui-f  III  null         S/.  Lntii^,  tiir  i.iil'i^i   Iuvmi.  .mmi  1 1  11, I'l  111   nil    i nji- 

lul  iii'iiil-i"H.                                                                                              ..'^milii  I'll  tniili',  miil  nil  tin'  i  nlniiii'i'ri'  nt'  llii'  nliili',  in  lllllll  twi'iily-li^i'  ill  m-'iiiiil   in  IKI.'i,  iinil  wiih  nvi'i'  i  iii'  Imiiilriil 

on  II  liiii'  >lii)ii'  nil  till'  .M — |ii,  17  inili'H  lii'lnw  tlir  innnili  111'  tliniM.inil  in  lH|-.>. 

MISSOURI.                                     'till'  -^1 — I'i.  Ill  nun  lit'  llir  iiin.,1  ciiiiwiiii.'iil  ftli'iiin-hiiiil  Imiil-  '1.  Till' inliiiliiiiinl.iiii'i'rliirlly  iiniiii,L'riii1.->hniii  llii' Biintli- 

.fiiiinrrniili'n  -Iini'iii— I'lMiiilnti.iii  ;KI 7'i--'— I'nii  Ui  Bii  111    .-1         I  i'lf-''*  ""  'I"'  nvi'i'.  fini  |iiiil  nl'  Ihn  l.'nlti'il  Stiiti'1, 

,,.         '     '.  '    ,       ,              ''    "    "            '    ,        I.     •'        '       //iirii/.nni/m  mill  .SV.  r/iln'i'n'i'.'.iiii  till' M—|ii,lii'lii\v  Si,  ,'».  Ml:.ir,  r.illmi,  mnl  nil  llin  Miiilhn'ii  ^1ii|i|i'<  llniin,li  nmir 

I.    MiSHiMII'l.  tlic  iMI'U't'St  Sllltf  111  IMf    I  llli'li,    |,„n;s,mnilii'ilii,'l'|inii»nl'llii'iiiiiii'nil,li,lri,i;  .s'/.  r/„„'/...,    till'' M.  » liili'  iiin-t  KiiiiU  nl' (.'iiiiii  mill  tinit  irimv  liiMul- 

Witli   ;i  Vt'l'V  lui'lilL'  Siiil,  li;is  ^'I'tMl   lllilicral  i'e-   nn  ilm  M— li. -jo  lu'ili'st'i i  ils  iiiimih,  in  n  llniii'lrliin:.' iilmi';   mulv  in  "  Ihn  rnllini  i iilry," 

,    |,|.,,,.,.  '  /ii./i'/.r;n/i(n'i-,  11  liw  lilili'i.  S.  nl'  ihn  .M — ri,  liniir  till'  Hi'-I-        'i.    IIi'IiIkiiI'  wilil  mill  lllllll' riilllr  r ii  ii\  iT  llii' |iriiiiii's, 

''".    ,,    ^V            1-  .      ■                   .11,          ■       1        .     I'i'ii  hniniiliirv,  is  Ihn  >tmtirii.' niiiiit  lllllll' Smiiii  1  I- iiirimiii ;  iiiiil  in  »iiiiii' ji.ii't.i  llm  linlliiln  ii  still  liniilnl  nilli  M|i<';if  i.iul 

-S.  lli'i-  stiii'i's  nf  /,'„./,  „■„,,,'..„/,  r,,:    .s„l  ,m-  in.'.xlM.ns|.    ,.„,„,  ,„;,„.  ,|„.  y^       ■   -,  ||,„  , ,, ;„,■„,„„  j,,  „„.  ,^  ,.        .,    „„.,„v  i.y  ,1,,,'  ,,i|,|  |,„|i„„.  „ „. ,  ,,;,  n,.|.,  |,ii,m.. 

,l,l..,,m,lsl..3l,iMiil,sn..n,.',ii,it.nii.iiy.,,hm,l,.ipi,.,lvi',',,'i,,i.  ,,,.  ,1^-  ^.^^,,,.   ,.„,„„.  y,,',,,,,.,  s.S.U.  nl'  Si.  I i-,  i,  in  tin'  .*  -,.              .       . 

'"''?.!.','■  ■Ill'  •      iv     1  •      .  .      ii'i'llti'l' nl'lhi'  li'llil  Illini'S.  1 

:i.    111.'  |iniiri|iiil  li'iiil  miiii's  iim  in  Wa.sliniiilnn  niiinly,  | 

iiriiiiiiil  till*  sniirci's  lit'  Il  linimli  nl'  tin'  .Mrrriiii:ir,  70  mill's !      (^iii'sfiiw^. — !.  rnrwlmt  is  Missnin-i  unli'ii  ?     •.'.  Wluit  nn-  iln- 

S.S.W,  III'  St.   I.nnis.  rliii't'  liiiln  rills  '     :l.  W'lliTi'  liin  llii-  liiiil  iiiiiiiN  t      I.   SVliin'  iir' 

■1.    Iniii  imniiililiii.  ll  lll'iss  nl'  |mi'i'  ilini,  :i.'in  fi'i't  lii-li,  mill  ''■""  mnmiti'iii  ""'I  I'llnl  Kimli.'      (tnu  liiri;,'  nil.  \\v\  ';   .•,.  itiii'l 

ivvn  mill's  ill  lin'llil I   l',:.il   Kin.l:  wh'i.ll  is  ll.'.'ii'lv    liiilf  i;T-'ii'''illini'l  jV;'"!"' t«  ?   inill.iiils  '     l,,  Wliiil   Irinln  «ill,  tin'  In 

,..,,,  .■     ,   ■  ■    I     .,    1  ,1 !  ,^   :,,   ,.; ;,    ;  i;,,i  .  illlins  r      I.  \\  lint  iirll.'i.'l*  art' .■x.'liiili'Ji'i   111  I  II' .■"lllllll  rn  Inn  I' f 

li'iill,    1         1'  't     I  '_'   .       ll  I      t'l'  1  II  I's   111   t'lli'illt.  n  1'  I      ittlii        ..,,  ,  ,.         I    .       .     1    I    ,!•  ,     I  ,^..   I       '    .    . 

"',..,,..  ,.  ,      ,         ,     ■   ,  ...  \\  liLTi'.  nnil  till' wliiit  iiiilivl,  ,lr    iT.sini  I'lly  !  ,'•1  Liiui»  f  iLf. 

Hiintll  lit   till'  li'nil  lllini'S.      Ini'  n.xli'iit   mill  inhiii'.ss  nl   irnll  •" 

ore  tlii.Ti'  is  nntliiim  likn  this  in  ihn  kiinwii  wmlil.  J  j 

.%  Till'  pniiripnl  niint'iilrnrnl  |ir.nliiiliniis  mc  cnrn,  hi'inpr  ILLiIIMOtS 

mil  tnliiri'ii.  mill  till'  iH-iiirtrs  I'ni'il  iiiinn'iisi'  Imrils  nl"  rjillln  * 


I 


S()njirc  iiiilr! 
I.     llIIlK 


,.'iiii;._i'ii|iuiaiiiiii.  i;ii.i-:i.— I'lip.  Ill  ■!!  111.,  '.I. 


f'M" 


i      7,  SiJM'r,  (.'iilil,  mill  nlliiT  valiialili'  iniiinials  nliiniinl  in  ihi 


iiiiL's.  mill  III 

Ii.  Till.'   t'ltr  tT'iili'  il  nnn'ii'il  nil  1111111   til  ^  slnln   with  tlin  ,       m-        ■       •  *      i     j-         .1         .'      .-i 

I.   11„„-     l',l„.  r„ Ml     i  '         '■     lllllll':s    IS     imtcil     Im'    IllC     Irl'llll'       H'ilinCS    mminlmlis. 

Iii|liai  sill  thn  1,1,1  .M,-..,i.  in.  ,,     ■        ,-  •     \vl,l,.l,  ,.,,vi.i'  ivvi,  111  rik  .,r  iu  ^iiiH-' I      N.  SlnMTv  wns  nlnilisli,,!  in  Ti'xiw  wliiln  it  wns  ii  pni, . 

7.    .\   trait'   \\"'il  I    S.uila   I'r   in    Nn-.v    Mi-xirn,   fur   snnrii'.    W  llt(  ll  CllVL'l    I  \\  1 1   Ilhlll^  nl     llN  Slllrilt'.  '.  i-  \i      ■         i     .   i        i  .         i     ■  -,     ■     i    '        , 

,  ,         ,        ■  I  ,.  ,,  I  II.  .nun  nl    .Mi'.\lni,  lint  has  linnli  ri'.slmi'il  slliin   Its  niil.'p.'inl- 

w.iiil,  mill  iniili's,  in  I'NihaiiL.'.'  tm  .■nilnn  ami  «n,,|,.|i  :..iinils        .,    .pi,,, ,;,.,,  ,,„„„.,||y  ^„,  f,,,  ,n,.r  ihn  piairi.'s,  .h'slr.ivint'   ..m.' 
is  nisii  rniTi.'il  nn  liy  I'lirnvmis,  «  In,  h  am  limpi  inly  alt  ic'k.  il    ,|,„  j^,.,,.^,  ,„„!  i|,.,.|,n(;i",  hnl  ll'ilvill^  llli'  n^lii's  In  t.i  till/..''  III.'  | 

'  ■  '  " il.  Ai  s  1  IN.  III.'  I'npilnl,  i,  a  n.'W  I. ami,  nn  llin  l.fl   lnuik  nf 

lllint'nl.irniln. 


lis  till'  saMi'/ns  III"  till'  iiiti'r\  t'liini.'  ."iinitn.  wlt-i  inniii  n\nr 
till'  plains  miniiili'il  nn  swil'l  hnrsi's,  ainl  luiiiml  with  spniu* 
ari'iiw.  mill  lilli'. 


t.  Till-  .l«nW-ini    /!.'//.. w,  wh'.rh  .'Xli'ilils  illnll'.'  tin'  Mi 
s  --  piii  IMI  mil'--.  I'miii   \tlmi  tn  th,'  nniiitti  nl'  tin'  K'ukiiskia 
1  -I  .  ..,,  .     .11,1     1    .1   ;..  ..  I a. I..  I'..., 


.Nijj-ii  il    T"'>tri\i  lUiiuiMil  li.j  iuiUiirif. 

.iKiKKK-ioN    »  IIV.  ihi'   ciipihil.  is  near  tin'  crnter  nf  tli'-    lilily. 
slat)',  oil  the  Mi>:i'»iui  river,  a  lilili-  aliuve  the  mniitU  ul'  lliej      'I.   Thi-  >itii'.i'  .■  i-  i""  i '■  v  ''T'"  '  n 
0.^1.."',  i 'UiJiikniir:      'I  !•■  in.ij     u-  of  liir  i 

1,^ 


Anidlil.'  tin-  nthiT  liKVim  lire  S.i/'.'nr  </''/.  !i  |ioit  nf  eillrv.  nt  (hi) 
fri..iilhnt><MbtM.-n\.  !■;  t;"/rr./.,n  tUrrhu  1  )  cK  in  Tex;is.  ui  tli,; 
liiNl  I'li'l  I  Ididvi-lMii  i-«l;iiid  :  //o.i.*/..,,.  llie  liife  sent  orL-ovm- 
rn<  nil  m  rh.-  hriid  nt  niiv  iL-iitinnon  it  siniill  (hlpufiirv  .'f  (Julvestiiii 

'  bii\  '  iilb-il  HuUnif.  Mjiuiii  ,  \'t ///■^r..,  u\  tin-  iihuith  of  Hi  ;i/<  •*  i-iv.  r. 
n  L-i'i-'il  itliK'r  nf  frHiirl  in  Kuinnnr;  Mufinrnnhi.  \\  (■nii.«idcral'N' 
town  iLl  rill'  fiioijlh  lit  l)i<-  Cnlni-.'iilo:  ii.htni.  an  old  Sjunislt 
tiiwii  on  Sun  AntoTii'i  river,  :io  nr  In  tnih'<t  fn. ni  its  innnih.  nnw-d 

'  for  Ihi'  iii]e"4(H-i-'>  of  ('ill.  r  11. MMI  :inrl  lixi  |>i-iHiinerN  by  lh<'  M.xi- 

■  eiinn  in  cold  blood  ;  trnd  >'.'^  -]iitiiiiii>  fir  Itv.nrr.  ;ui  nld  Siijuil.-ji 
Inwn  on  ill'-  n|i|i.-r  fiiol  *'\'  tb  •  S  in  Aril'ioin  th.-  scene  ot  m-^i  r 
III  NiniL'iijnary  .n.lli.  t-,  ;uid  |inrlieiil:irly  of  the  deii|.er;He  di- 

I  friuo-  of  the   Miiiiiii  tniT't  !*•»,  tor  Iwo  w. '.-It'*,  Viy  1..0  T'xan.s  im 

■  di-r  Tol.  Tiuvj",  )i  Mwi-I  -lOO)  MexieiUiM  tindiT  c^iuila  Anna. 


(/((.»;;,!  ■*.  I,  !(.,«-  Iimj  litiM  Ti'Mif*  l>rrn  inilrpendrnt?  1".  Uh.it 
h;H  ii'suil  liMMi  ■'()  to  ■,'..  Ii  I  I  drrii,  iiaii  ol  inr\li  ij  tlble  li-r-' *"*  'I..- ..!m- l  ..f  tli..  >bsi.jiiH  in  ilir  l.;.irli' of  ;^,mi  Ji.cinto?  \Vj,„t 
...  ^  Mv  '-"  (hi*  tf  - 


•\>-\  uf  jriodrivilely  I'l^v,  1  . 
■   if    li-^iiiiilv   b*. '  1 '      '-    .  J 


!  t|i"hwtl>  f    :i.  Ulu't  i»  ilif  |'i'i>«i-!ii"ii  ^ 'bthc 
■'  ''  Ii  lilt  f  i;,  miiio:!.'-  f  7.  niim  ml.' (    b.  U'li  .\  olM,. 

.nd  tor  "h»t  iiul'^J,  Austin  '  riub.ac  ci*v  '   '.  •■ 


f 


;;'.. 


J 


ti 


5 


QUESTIONS  AND  EXEHCISES  ON  THE  MAP. 
MKXU'O— Wliiii  cciiihtiy  "11  til.'  N    of   M.-xji-.r  '      What 
rniiiilry  mi  tlm  N.lv  1     Wlin'l  wutcr  iiii  I'.ii'  K.  '     WImt  couii- 
trv  iiii'tlic  S  K.  I     Wlint  wiitiT  mi  llie  S.  iitiil  \V.  ' 

"What  Itirire  jieniii-^ala  jtils  nut  fniiii  tlic  mistoni  const  ^  Yli. 
Bctwi'eii  wlmt  lia>  ;*  is  tlu'  pfiiiiisulii  of  Yiiuatitii  *  What  hirt'o 
p.Miiiisiiln  jatu  out  IVmn  Ihf  wi'stfni  iiiast  (  What  hay  waslies 
the  riistprii  coiut  of  (.'aUVuniia  .' 

What  larui;  rivi-r  tonus  the  tioumlary  on  the  siih;  of  Texas  ? 
Whatrivereiiters  llie  milf  of  t'aliforuia  lit  its  hem)  ?  Co.  What 
river  joins  tiio  Colorado  near  its  moiilli  .'  (in.  Wlial  lake  near 
latitude  -'0'  !     Ca.     What  river  is  the  outlet  of  lake  ('lia|iala  .' 

What  is  the  eliaraeter  ol  the  mast  .'  An-'.  The  (iiilf  slreani, 
in  its  passm-'e  dloiii;  the  easti'rn  coast,  throws  up  saml.  and  liiniis 
hars  licrosa  thu  months  ol  the  rivers,  so  that  there  is  no  lthkI  port 
ou  that  eimst.  The  wi'Stern  coast  has  several  excidlelit  ports, 
as  .\eapnleo.  Qnayiiias.  f<aii  Hliis.  \r.  ;  lint  violent  lempeats  ^ 
render  them  inaccessihle  lor  several  miintlis  evi  r\  year. 

What  is  tlie  faceof  the  coiiiili'i  ?  .!««  Tlielamlmi  liolli  the 
coasts  is  low.  lull  rises  i;iailiiall\  toward  tlie  iiil.rior  till  it  at 
tains  the  lieii'lit  of  i:  or  Hum)  h'el.  where  it  spreads  ont  into  hroinl 
plains  or  tahle  lands,  wliicli  exteml  iVmii  latitude  1^  to  latitude 
•lu-'  N'..  a  distanee  of  ITOII  miles,  presentiin.'  the  .straliL'e  speeta 

clc>  of  an  ill! use  level  eonntry  on  the  lop  of  ■■  lolly  raiiu'e  of 

inoiintniiis.  Fmm  these  elevated  plains  single  inoniitains  iK'ca 
sionaily  shoot  np,  whose  lops  are  <-overed  with  everlastinu' 
Bliow.  Several  peaks  neat  the  city  of  Me.sieo  are  l."),l)UO  feet 
hiL'li.  and  the  hi-diest  are  voleaiaies. 

What  ellert  has  the  taee  of  the  cimntryon  the  climnte  ?  A'lK- 
In  the  low  plains  on  hotli  eoast.s,  the  eliinate  is  very  hot  and  lUl 
tiealtliv.  As  you  ascend  tin'  slopes  ol  the  i-renl  nionnlain  raic'e, 
it  becomes  more  temperate,  and  at  the  elevation  of  1  or  .Mluil 
feet  there  rei-jlis  perpetually  a  soft  spriiej  lein|ieriitnrc.  Ili-di- 
er  up,  it  is  often  niieomlortalily  cisil  ,  nnil  at  llie  liei-.;ht  of  li  or 
71100  fi'et  the'  cliniatt:  and  veL'etiition  reseinhle  those  of  the 
luirtherii  parts  of  Hiiiope  and  .•Vinerica. 

What  elVeet  has  the  fiiee  of  the  I'oiiiitry  on  the  rnails  '  .'iiin. 
The  roads  IVom  the  cMy  ol  Mexico  and  every  part  of  the  liiudi  ta- 
ble land  to  the  coast  on  either  sale  are  very  dillieuit.  and  trans- 
jHirlalimi  of  I'lioda  rnn  he  I'tfe'-ted  onl\'  on  the  hacks  of  mules  ; 
iiill  the  top  of  the  tahle  land  is  so  levid  that  wheel  eurriau'cs  can 
run  witiioul  interruption  troin  Mexii.'o  to  .Santa  l-'e. 

(ir.\TlM.\LA.orCi;\tKAl.  A-MKlin  A.— What  ciamtry  on  the 

N.W.  of  Uiiatiniula  !     What  hay  washes  the  noilliern  coast  ! 

lis.     What  sen.  the  eastern  coast  '     Wliat  isllHiiiis  on  the  S.K. 

(onneets  it  wilb  .S.  America  '     What  oeeii.i  on  the  W.  '     In 

;).'t 


wllal  ilireclidliiUa'S  the  western  coast  run  ?  In  »  lial  direetions.  j  -J.  Kof  lliiee  celilillies.  mole  lliail  linll  the  slher  ill  thn 
the  eastern  cmist  I  What  stales  or  provinces  of  Mexico  hordm-  known  winlil  liiis  cnliie  from  Ibis  coiiiilry.  nnil  nl  one  pen- 
on  (iuatimala  >  In  what  zone  is  (iiiatimala  !  What  lai-L-i'  lake  ,,,1  ii,,,  niim-s  viehleil  more  llnili  5i;il.llll(l.illll)  nnimnlly. 
Ill  Iheaoiilli  '  Tliioni;b  what  river  diK's  lake  Nieaiai;iiaeinply  I  .,  |,„|j„|,  ,.',,ni  is  the  chief  clllli\nlr,l  |ii'oilili  lion.  Cot- 
into  the  Caribbean  sea  '  Which  provinces  or  "tales  (,l  (lUlltl  ,  ,„,|  ,,|^,,,|,^  i,,,,|^„^  ,|,,,  |,,„„„„|.  „||,|  ,ro|,ienl  phinis  punuullv, 
mala  iHirdcron  the  I'ueihe        \\  liieh.  on  the  (  •>'''"■''"'"<.        ||o,irisl,  on  the  eoa-t.  ailcl  most  of  tin-  liniopeim  j.iuinH  uiiil 

What  IS  the    a I  the  counlry  ?      .las.   II ham  ol  tlie  ..\ii  .i      .   l  i     i    „  l 

lies  troni  S.  America,  alter  ,  rossim-  the  isthmns  of  Darien.  sinks    l"»ts  <m  tlie  tlllil'.-lnnii. 

near  Nicara'i;na   into  a   low  ridi:e.  slopna-'  irently  down   In  llie 

shores  of  the  opposite  iH'cans.     Proceediinr  norlbwi'st.  it  sisai  ] 

risi'S  aL.'ain  to  n  ureal  lieiLdil.  and  in  the  pnivinces  of  St.  Sal'va 

dor  and  (inatiina'lii  spreads  inle  a  broad  nini-'e  intersected  loiiui 

tildiliiillv  bv  heaulitnl  inoiiiitalli  valleys,  which  are  elevated  sev 

eriil  thousand  feet  aisjvc  the  sea.     The  IrianL'ulur  couiiliT  includ 

eel  helween  tbi'  inoniilailis  I  tlie  LMilf  of  Mexico  is  a  vast  tin-. 

est.  occupied,  except  at  a  few  points  on  the  coast,  by  Inilians. 

W  EST  I  N'l  II  KS.—Whal  peninsula  oppositi' the  north  extreni- 

itv  of  the  W.  Iiidi.s?     fa.     What  pelinisiila  op|sisile  the  west 

eilninilv  '     Yn.     What  i;ulf  on  the  .N.W.  between  Florida  and 

Vu.ataii>    What  sea  separates  llie  W,  Indies  from  S   Anieriea  ' 

Which  is  the  laru-est  ol  III.'  W.  India  islands  !      Which  next  ' 

WhicI xt'     Whirb  ii.xl  '     What  i;ronp  at  the  north  extrein- 

llv?     Ila.    Which. ifthe  W.  India  islandsisfartbest  west  :    C 


Jtir  L'ufJtiiittiL 


Mili/"r'J  I'tlliir. 


winch,  lar.hesi  east!     IK     ^^  l;"'IV^'7''Vr'w    In  li  .s"    U      te,     lin-  its   MvT-et '  j,  a-e.   IVom   wbiib   is    , h-  n   »i -alleil 

18  andsmtheAtlanlicatla.nsandiniles.N.otthi'W     Indies  '    lis.    o  o   ii.i    .i     .  j  .■,i„.  \i...i i ,l,ii,r>A;il 

It7„e/-  /-■„,  tn.m  .Uf,^u„  lan  te'  L-ai  is  Pmlo  H.eo  ,'   Ilayti  !  piilMUC  the  hivorlt,'  ilrmk  nl  the  .Mexn  .ins.     ( me  plalil  w  ill 

.laniaica  !  (Inadalonpc  !  Martinico  '  Trinidad  !     What  are  the  yielil  four  ipnirts  ol  .pine  III  a  day  h.r  lour  or  live  monlbs; 

i-l Is  sonlh  of  AnliLOia  called  '     Wd.     Why  so  calhal  .'     .Ia.<.  nnil  there  are  plantations  liiat  rent  lor  Tlillllll  p.M'  aillllim. 

Ileiainse  tliev  face  the  trade  winds,  which  here  blow  consliinl  ,■•,     The  cia-bineal,  all   insect   wliiill   yields  n  beailtilul  led 

Iv  from  the  east.     What  are  the  islands  west  of  Aiilifua  call-  i.,,],,,.,  i^  raised  bv  the    ;lldiall^  in   the   prmince  of  Oaxaeii 

.■d  !     I.d.      nVinVi  nnyjwm  Jiimiiira  is  Culm  I  the  Haliainas  .'  („n.|ia'-kn).  and  exported  to  the  viiliie  of  ifo.hllll.dlin  aiinii. 

the  Hermndas  f                                       ,     .,    ,     ,,.,    ,    .             ,.  allv      The  insects  riMiiiblr  our  meal  bill's,  and  me  pliiiited 

What  strait  diviile,  Cnha  Ifon,   Honda'     W  hat  s  iva ,         .  co.cinelliler.  wlieie  ill  a  few  tlis  lliev  in- 

en!-x^;e.;^:^oro,l;:i"-  '^!:U:::X:Z,!:r-:^::ii:l  :^.t  l.Uy ;.; .-•;  a^-  -•!;;-;i;;!,;"- - ' 

of  the  west  ,'n.l  of  Cuba  '     Ps.      W  hat  twc.  ports  im  the  north  into  bowls,  mid  killed  by   .■xposiie  K,  be.it 

coa-t  of  Cuba  oi.posiie  the  south  point  of  flonda  ,'     Ila..  Ms.  (I.   All  the  duniestic  miunals  ol   l.iirope  thrive  im  the  la. 

II'A,(^  iH.il  ill  ihe  S.K.  part  ol  Cnha  .'   in  the  S.K.  of  .1; lea  '  ble-lainis,  mid  horsi's,  mules,  cattle,  and  sheep  are  very  iiii- 

at  the  liead  of  a  deep  bay  on  the  west  coast  of  llayti  !   in  the    nieroiis  in  (■|lilinillliia  ami  llie  other  liorlhelll  priiMllces. 

ri  li.  Ill  ilayti  ;  on  the  nialli  coasi  of  Porto  llico  I  -     'pii,,  ,.||,,.|  cxporls  are  llie  pin  ions  iiielnls.  eoi  himail- 

'  ir'^'^^CO.  :■""'  '"'""'  'I'"!'""'  I'liii'-"-     'I'"'  '■'''•''  iiiipi'ili'  '"'•  liimiiirnc 

,'*    '     1*-^^           „       ,    .,  ,„    -  tnrecl  L'oods.  wine,  ami  111  andv. 

.<,pnrennl..s,l,MO.n.iil_l'npua,no„,  .,•-■.•,.  ■  '",'";,'J';- •';  ,.    .p,,,,   ,„.„,^.j|„,|  nrlieles  wliicli  the  .Mexicans  line  iiCae. 

I.    Mcxicii    is    imtctl    lnr    ricil   silver    IllllifS.   i,,,.,.!',,,.  i|||,,„,i,.|vrs  me  silver-ware,  jewelry,! lies,  earlli- 

and   till-  VlirielV  of  clilllilte  and   |)fO(luc,tiiillS.  len-waie.  eonrw  wool™  ami  cotbm  ;:cio.|s,  aiul  soap. 


\ 


. 


'»;  -\A  «r.«j.;J,U,| 

Jttu  Vi  /(>i  «  I'ntmuu/t 


thf  hilvi'i-  ill  tilt) 
iitiil  lit  ntic  [H>ri- 
10  uniiniilly. 
ruiliu  liiiii.  Citt- 
|>);inlM  ucrit-nilly. 
i[iniii  ;.'ittiiiH  uiul 


Miii/iioj  I'lfnir. 

ininivrlv  ciiltiiir- 
lir  II  u  iiM'  ('ii]|c<l 
i  M)(-  |iliiril  %\  ill 
■  or  live  iiiiMiiliN  ; 
l)(l  [M-r  aiiriiiiii. 
1m  II  )M-antilul  i<-il 

l\  ilH'C  llf  OilXlH'U 
!f-J,IMMM)(lO  lUIIIII- 

,  mill  lire  |iliititnt 
iiKHiiliH  they  in- 
itio tlicii  lii'iiHlint 

llirivr  (111  the  In- 
rep  iirt'  vi'iy  nti- 
■I'll  |irn\  iiictN. 

llfliliM,    nil  illtM'Ml- 

irlK  urt*  iimiHiriiC' 

fxiriiiiH  nur  ulnc- 
v.('0!ir|ii--J.  v'.n\\l' 

MImI   MKIp. 


M  K  X  I  C  O,    O  U  A  T  I  M  A  L  A.    A  N  I)     1   II  1)    U M  S  T    1  N  D  I  K  S. 


'!!> 


"«    Mii«k.>   r..ii.|ii.ml  l.v  III.'  WimMim-.U  iiml.T  Cmlrt  in  ^     u.  A  .\mr%  .unnl  Cmm  lli.'  I'l..  Hi.'  I V,-  ,Ni.»ru,.ini  ».mlil       It.   AIk.uI  ii  "ixtli  |"irl  "I  H"'  i«i,mi1iiIi.,ii  lur  tt  l.il.'»,  luul 

ivl'l    •..,..  II  '•'.iliiiiv  III  .Snu'iii  till   lll'l     «liili  ll   liitiuili'  111!  "I"'"  «  I ""•■  ''"■  ""'I'*  (liriwuli  lliiit  Ink.    iiihI  fun  .1. n\.r    Ijn,  ,,;l  n.-^iiio  nii.l  iiim1i.IIih'» 

I..JI,  w,ui  II  ...lunY-.l  .SiMiMi  nil  IH.I,  »ii...  "11  ji  j|_^  \,|,„„„,     I,  ,;„,  |„„„  ,  ,,, ,„|,|„„.,i.  tt,„l  whih!     ,,,  'i-h..  ."liMiJ  \.,:,\A-  «.r I  .Miuiiwllv  .l»v.-,,  fn.rn 

"   lT7nmMilMH'in;l,.l,,..tnt...w.r >r,ullv  in.l.p.Ma.  >nu,lu  wll  r.v„luli.mu..  .!»,  c,.,„„K.r.  ,■  ol  tli.- «..H,1,  ,  AlVi.  „.  HiMMnr. .  .1  I..  «„i-k  (nr  ll,.-  »l„.| -,  Inie  .Uv..,-y  m 

.Mil.lMil  ,iNil.'<l  nM.iMt.'.l.,,.li.MMil.li.,  Iik<'  III.'  I;.  Si„l.'..,l'        H»^.  .S.IVA1I..1.,  th.'  iM'.  ..lit  .iipil.il.  !«  ii-nr  III.' ••..ii.t  of    1I.IW  iiIh.Ii»Ii.-.I  III  llii.vli.an.l  in  ll,.'  lliili.li  i.l,.inl«. 

A.ii-'ii.ii.     Ill   nil..  IlK'y  HIM'  III'  'li-'ii-  -•'['■"'It.'  in.l.|,.ii.l-  ll,.'  i'lnilir,  Ml  a  (.ill!..  pioMii, I  ll,.'  «.ii,.'  I ,    .liiili        I"     Hi"  H.il„.iim«  .  iiil.nu .'  imiiimt..,,.  n,.  kv  ,«I.'I«,  mnl 

.•in.',  iin.l  I,.'., nil.'  II  ..'Html  .-r  .„ii»,l,(liit.'.l  r,'|„il,l,.'.  „I».„„.Ih  i.i  iii.li»i.,.  ll,.'  »Im|.I.'  j.i.Hl.i.-ii I'  ll,.'  r.jnil.l,.-.        ii«M|/,iti..,.  li-.'  i.  «.  .I,i.,w.'n„i,  lli„l  ii  ...n.i.l.n.l.l.- .!...-  ..I 

■  11.    Ill  mil   Vuiuliili  .1...  Iiin'.l  il«'ir  ,.  ..'IMirul.'  mimI  iliil.-        (tl.l  (l„,ili„i„/„.  in  lli.'  Ili.'iil  |.,ii-l  ..f  H"'  l.'|.,ll.li.'.  ill    'I"'  |",|>"liili.H "".I  «r.'.k.'r»,  iir.'  .»,,i|,>.'.l  ».!.■!>  Ill  li« 

, |,.„|   ,i,a.',  iiinl   l.:,«  liillM-it.i  Mi.-.v».riillj-   r.'»i.l.a  iIh'  11  I»',iiiIiI„I  iM.'.inliiiii  »,.I|.'V,  »»«  "i,.'.'  ii  inniiiiili.  .'nl   .  ily,   ni„,|/  >.'.»l«  u,nl  ...i  >!...■«  ..,.1  „|n.ii  I k.. 

Sl.-»liii,,  I..,..!.  ».'„t  1.1  ..ili.l,!.' it.  ii.lnri,i:il   Willi   ►jiliiiiliil  iliiirilift,  lilt  liiiviiiu  l"''ii  iiliii""! 

I'.'.  Ali.nit  mil'  liHli  ..I  III.'  |"i|,iiliili.i„  iir.'  wl,iii'«  .if,S|,iiii-  .i...ir.i)...|,  »l  H,..!  Iiy  ,iii  i'r.i|,linii  ..Itl,.'  Wiil.i'  Niil.iiii.i,  iinil  i 

inli  .ii'iKiui   Uv.i  liClh",  li,.l,M„<;   iin.l  tl,.'  ii'iiiiiin.l.'i,  piiillv  nrii.|.wM,-ii,  in  l?7.'i.  Iiy  ,iii  .'iii'llii|ii,ik.'.  III.'  (iO'iiti','  pari  iil' 

ii.'Kr.)i'»,  hill  il.i.lU  ,1  iiiix...l  ni..',  li.iin.'il  I.)  III.'  ,111,1,11  "f  ll,.'  •„,.vi\iny  i„li,il)iliii,lp<  r.in.n.'il  t.i  ,1  »ilr  'J.'i  niil.'«  *.iitli 

wllil.'»,  Ili.llilUi",  Iin.l  n.'ur.,.'..  ,,l    ll,.'  ..I.I  l.iwil,  illl.l  li.lin.l.'.l  .V.  ic  Ihnllimahi,  lllii  lnvgi'»l 

1:1.  Till'  il.'».  .iiiliiiil^  ..r  «l,iti'«  iinil   In.liini.  iir.'  .iilli'il  .  ,iv  1,,  ,1...  r..piilili.',  iinil  ""ii,'''iiii.i 'I,.' '  "pilnl. 
Mitllttnt;   III'  wIlil.'B  linil  ll.'Ur.,.".,   .Miilidt.im:   \\1  l,i'tJ|iH'»  JC*iWIP'?V" 

mill  liiiliiin«. /.i"i''".'«      Tli.'.li'i«riiiliii,u.,r  i;,iii.p.'iiii»lii.iii  ,^*^Jp  *  '  - 

in   Vin.'fi.ii  iiri'  .iilii'il  f'-mh^.  -.*j> 

1  I    'I'll.'  (ji'iil  iiiii«»  1,1  till'  p.ip,iliili.,ii  i"  ill  ll"'  «.iitli.'rii      .tf!  lyi 
pnnini.'-,  Ii..|.iw  111.'  iiiiimII.I  .,I  'J.i    N.  Int.     Tlii'  n.iitli.'rii  ""^ 

|,r.ni„. .'«,  with  Iw.i  iliir.U  .if  llu'  lerriliiry,  liuvf  wiirct'ly  0 
t.'iilli  pint  i.r  111.'  p..|.,,l„ti.iii. 

I.'i,  'I'll.'  I,i.li„ii»i<.„iili  .illiit.  I.'i^  iiri'  I'ivillz.'.l.  mill  nii,x.'it 
tiii.r.'  ..r  !..»»  Willi  tl,.'  wliili'<.  in  ti.wiin  i,„.l  villi, :;.'».  'I'h.' 
ii.ii'lli.'i'ii  l,'il,.'«  ,i,-.'  wild,  riiMii;.'  mmifii'",  iiii.l  ».„,,.■  ..I'lhi'iii. 
partiniliirly  tin'  ('iiiiiniuh.'ti.  .1,1  tl,.'  I»„.l.'i"  i.l  Ti'xii",  uri' 
f.xpi'rt  h.iirtrin.'ii  nil. I  l',.riiii.l,ilili'  wiirrii.i-w. 

lli.  'I'l,,'  ll.niiiiii  Ciilhiilie  icIiKi.in  i»  i'»liihli«lir,l  by  liiw, 
Iin.l  nil  iilli.'r  ia  t..l.'r„t.'.l. 

17.  Til,,  iii/r.imi.l  ,'(Ch„h,l„,  n.'nr  Pn.'hlu,  riv,iU  in  iniiL-nlln.lo        „,„.,„„„  _,    ,..„,  „,,„..  ,,  ,•„ ,„,,.  ,„„,.,,  ,     ..   \vi,nt  Kii  '  '    L'.  'I'll''  i^'i'''''"  tmtl.',  h-nm  Hn'  "."h  "t  "hi'  li  ,»  i""'!"'  ll"'  .1" 

tl„.  Ilr,.,it  I'jnnni.l  .if  Ki^.vnt      ll  i..  inib    IT'-'    .'.l   ,,«!,.  I,..t  llin  „,,^  ",-'''.  '^.^V,/;;;'  '"        w  I  .„  ^  l,,i.    I  I..'  ,    I"' «>'»V  "•  li"-lil*  \'""'i  h  ipH'"-.'-,  iil«mi,.l.  ...,  tl,..'. « 

I  ..  .•!.  ....  I  L«  .■..111.  ■>i- i*Ii  rri".  r.ti>r  u )nli>  ilu*  l-V'v  tiMim  n\ r-  niiHHii  rinniirv  iim  r  ruifu  "  111.11111111111  t      imw  niri_  iiun  n  m  ■  n      ,, , ,    ,         '1,1  ■  1 '.  ,1 

1  I,    iiLir?..  link -^^^^^^^^  i„.l.'(..',..l..i,i  !     :i.   In    » Init  |...„,u  .l.,.'»  (ii„iiii,„il.i   r..„.,.ihl>.  .,1  Cilm,  mi.l  tl,.' ih'ikIiIhtuik  iiil„i,.l». 

"'"'»   tIi.''7('</"-.''"i(,i,  l'.'.'/.'l  i«  n  tni.-t  ,.f  .'...inln  iili.ni:  ihi'  hiiv  i.f   M.'X,.'.,  I     •    th.vv  >•  Iho  |.,.|.,ihili.i,i  rhi I  /     ...  Wl,i.l  purt  nl       <;„„,„„„._\v|,„t  nun r  oli.,p.ar,.  mil...  in  tl...  \V.  hull,..  I  puii.l- 

II  ,,  I ;.,  ,1...  <  ,.■   ,,„rt  ,,|- V. Inn  in  Ml.ill.  ll,.'  H,.,ti«l,',iru  ll"'  I'minti'v  ,»  ,,,..»t  |K.piil...,a  f     ll.  \\  Imt  .'nniil il.l  I..'  iini.lr    |i,ni.„  .  .,>.■,■«,;.  i,.,,iil...r  ..n  ,i  i..|,ii.r.  n,,l.' . 

I  Mll.l,,,,,..  Ill  th.'  >A.   p.rt  ,1  \i„,ili   ,,  ,11  "I'l"'"  """"l""^'-  |„.r,.,,„„|  U.|,„l  wni.l.l  ,1  ,.)l,'.t  I      \\l„;..,i,„t  I'.,,-  ahul  itnli.l,  ,>        1,  1  ..r  «  li.it  nr..  tl„.  W.  hnll....  ,i..,..,l .  .J.  lu...'.,!  ll„.  ..ninfry  I  3.  vnl- 

,\Mi..  I..,.n,.,lv  ..»n..l  nil  ll,i'  \V.  Ilnln.  i>lnl,<la  I     Whirl,  il.M'a  .-.pnin 

iniKr   TllW.ss.  I  .■mr-n  —  iwi    TKTrkvna  i.iinii.."!     Whirl,,  Fr. .■  I     Wliiili.  I),  iiniiirk  I    Whirl,  ..llh..  hrij- 

.     ,  ,  ,..,,..      ...  .1  WE8T    INUIEiS>  i-h  ,<lnn,l»  hn%...  ini.r..  than  'Jll.iKNI  nihninli.iiNl     W  hi.h,  niori.  Ihi.n 

Mk,,,...  th.'  ..lipitlll.  illlll  .11.1'  .It    III.'  hn.'.t    I'll,..,.   „i    111,'        ^^^^^^^^ i,,,,  „K,,„„,_|.„,,„|„„„„.  ;,.u,»,,KIII.-l'..p.  t.i  .,,..„..  :«).         '"".""K"     «'l,i.'l,..tll,.l'-,. hi,l,.lnl,ni.„.,.,linnll«..l»10, 


i'l'innii  ii'i't  hit) III. f 


If  nrkrrti  oj  ihr  Ihhumti  hitiiiU», 

II.  iSl.  Snrviiilnr,  niir  iil'  tli<*  Itiilmiiiii  iMliimlM,  in  iinint  im 
till'  it|)nt  \v)ii'ri>  rntiiiiiliiM  liiKt  hiiiiliMt  in  tlic  \i>w  Wnrlit. 
I'J.  Tink'N  iMiiiiiil  iM  liminiiM  Utv  its  wilt  iiiiuti'  by  iiuttinil 

i'\ii|Hii:itioil  t'rniil  puliils  nt  Kfii-wiitri'. 

|:t.   'I'hi'  lU'tiiMi  liiiN  iiif  u  >M>ll-tnrtilli-il  im\iil  ntivtinii  nf 
thf  ItriliKh,  liiit  yii-lil  niitliiti^' tin- fxputtiiliiin, 

1 1.   Ill  (he  iiiltiiKl  nt'  'IViiiiilnii  tlifrr  in  ii  liikc  nl  aHpliultiini  dr 
ilrli.  ti'cl  l>y  H|iriiii.'i(,  Hint  tlirr"  milrit  iiii'innil 


Wi.rl.l    i^  braulifiillv   MttiMlnJ  <iii   tlir   Ii.I.li-Uii.l.  70110  Irrt  ,     H,|.u,r.' mil. -.  I(hMMi.».-.|'..|Mih.tH,.i.  .l.uoiMKHt.-l  op.  t., -i.  m..  .m.      ,     ^;  jfau^  t,  ,f„  ,,on„i„ti.n,  vh,,.ui  n*  r>.  .-..Inrf    '.•.  Ih.w  ..-to  .omli. 

niK.vr  till-  H.-,i,  ill  iiir  .■.■ntrr  nf  u  .l.-liyliitdl  viiji.-v.  imlM,...i,i.       1.  Tlie  Wt'st  Iiuliii  isliiiids  are  unied  for  the  »-"/.  '*'■  '''""..r::"  iT''"'  T  .","i  'r''"Tr/i^-..^'*  'l''l'"'','lV..'"; 

l„-H..\rn,liH.aiUit.illiik.M  aii.l  ^kllt.•.|nn  tin    .«mlli  l.>  Inltj  !  ,.„.|j  trojurill  I)nMilH*e  Willi  w  liicli,  lor  I  W  O  fell- : 

,n„l  ,i,i.„w»  ..ill  ii»  ...n.iki.  i,'.„n  n  »ninniii  .„v..,.,..i  will,  .'t..,- ,  tunes.  they  lllive  Slipi.lied  ll.f  fiv  lh/.-(l  \M.I  Id.  I     I    ^^^,^^^  ^^^^ ,  ,,^  _.^^^  „.^^^  1^^^^^,  ^^  ^,_.^.^^,,,_.  ,,^,_,^^j  ,_,.  f_._.,.|^ 


iiul  «ii.iw.  Till'  ritv  i»i-.'^'iiliiily  lii  nil  in  »pii<.i.,iiK«.i,iiiri'», 
iiiiil  i«  mlinn.'il  liy  fi,,iiiliiiii<,  iiiii;;iii.  .  .'ill  iliiiiilii",  nnil  nth- 
fir  .pl.'iiili.l  .'iliti. '.'.*.  ! 

/..(  I'lii-'ilii.  HI,  ,i,ili.!i  ..^  r,   ..I'  M..xii.|,.  tl,(.  «i'..|i,iil  .'ity  in  piip,,       /-. 
lull. .11  Iin.l  w.'iiltl,.  IN  ..,.t,,.-l\  Sni.,,i»l,.  iili.l  U  niitr.t  t'..r  itn  mil* 
1\  I.r, t,.,„i. ,,'.'. I  ..h.,nl,.'s ,  Huitilnln.Ktiii  il-wu  .1,1  In  l,,i  ,'iii.  ;l,ll, 

,'iiil..H  .NAV.  i.i  M..xi... till-  Hi.,  (iinn.li'  .!.■  .-inntiiii;..,  in  tin' 

tliiril  .'its  i.t  tl,..  ii'j.iilil,.' :  nil. I  ( Itijiiin  im  ,1  lin' km.  -'nil  tnil.'N 
H.|.'.  .it'  Sl..xi.'.i.  inhi.l.it.'.l  by  ,L  ,ii,,nt'r.ii,M  ,niil  in.jiiiitniiini  lii.liun 
pi.piilnti.ni,  in  tlii'  l.tni'tli. 

Illlll  iiini'i'ii  lawn  ,1,1  hwii'  l.ii.  KO  inil.'H.  I, ml  /•inlli-'riif,  ;i:iO      \ 
niil.n  N.W.  i.l  .Mi.xi.-.i,  nru  in  llm  I'l'iiti'i-  nl'  llm  rirlii'st  nilvcr 


will  tlinii  nil  till'  iitlirr  W.  Imlia  i.'laniU  put  tii^ctlirr. 

'J.  In  li::l7  till'  i.\p.i,tK  w.-i.'  vnln.'il  nl  fJO.OIHI.IMIU.  Ili'iir- 
(111. '  tllini  iif  which  wrllt  til  l)ir  l'.  Stati'H  of  Ani.'li.'a. 

;i.  Till'  t.ihnr..,!  ..I'  (',,Ik,.  h'..,,,  which  tl,.'  Spaniali  cijinra 
arc  iiiinii'.  i.s  ....l..|.iii...l  tl,.'  1111...^!  in  th..  wuilil. 

)Iav  \n'a,  i1,«.  (.npitiil  i.t'i'iil'i,,  with  11 .1. ...)..  Hpin.i.init,  anil  well- 
f.n'tilU'.l  hnrln.r.  c,i,.rit.H  i),i  luii  tl,i,'ilH  nt  the  t.(.,i,,i,cn.L'  nl  tli.i 
inliin.l.  Miit'in'Z'iH.  i!u  n,il..K  K.  ..I  Hn\„„i,.  im.l  Si.  Jiitso  (\ii'- 
,.'..1. 1,11  ll,.'  .'^■l*^  Hi.h'  ..t  the  iMlnn.l.  art-  iiUi.  i,,ii.iirtiilit  n.irti. ;  aial 
'I'niiri/,,-.  in  th.' la'ai't  ..I  tli.-  iihinil,  tliuuiih  ll  liilty.  ill-built  town, 
in  11. 'Nt  t(.  Ilnviinu  i,,  |...|.i,li,tl..„. 

Si.  .1.i,,v,  ll,..  ci,|.iii,l  ..I  l'..rti.  Hi..,,  in  tl,.'  lari;.'<t  Inwn  niiil 
Htrii,.L.'l\  Inrntl.'il.  Imt  ,!/<///. /li..  :.  /'c/nc,  nii.l  I ,ii'J 'j'titut  cnrry 


inlni'fl. 

r..;../ f'/'iir.  on  the  I'nnnt.  .',i»t  iif  M.'xic.i.  in  a  liiiv,  nnhcnllliy  ora/i^t  ir...     t*utiiipt>ii.  .•<i,ii,ir  I'lunia 

■lluiitii.n.  with  a  miinll.  l.ii.l  hiirlK.r.  .I..|..n.l...l  hy  tin-  ...mtly  liif.        „     ^n  ||„.  i,,,.;,,.  I^l,,,,,!^  ,„.,.  Iriixi'l-wil  li>  liliiuntniil  ranflcn   ""  "a'  ilinl  .■"inincrcc  nl  llic  i»l,u„l 

tr,...  ot'Snn  .liinn  ,1..  I  "..„., «  tin'  prin,.ipal  |...rt  ..!  M.x,,...  ,.   ■;•   ,.|„,|,  ,„  |||,„y  ,.,,,,j  ,,;    i,^  ,„„i  ,„„m.  ..j'  ,|„.  ,|„,,||  i^l,,,,,!,,        ,.„„,„„,, 

.l/./Mi...((.<i<.  i.„  tl,..  Ilni  llninil..  .li'l  .N.irl...  ,,■  iln  in.nitli.  m  "    ■  .....  .< 


-I.  I'.ir  "1.1. t  nr..  riil.ti  .mil  I'l.rtn 


.  ni.te.l  I  3.  villa.' 


M„l,im„r,i..  i.n  th..  Hni  l.nil,.  c  .l.'l  .M.r  .■    i,'  ili.  niniitl,    m  .      ^^  ^^,^^,^..^,  „ ^,|,,,,  ,;.,.,  „|,„^,,  ,|„,  ^,.„  „,.  „,  ,    „.„h  «l,n,  n.iintiy  i-  the  .hi..,   Ir ,    :i    Ki.r  vvlml 

n  tliriVini;...iiniiii.rcinl  tiiw,..      /././///i  t...  nl  tl,i' nniulli  ..I  nn.illi. ,  "       ',"    '^   .  '  .,,    ,.■„ ,    „,    i  ,„.,„    \l,ii.|iiil,..i  ( iiin.  ll  iic     Dni.liii  t  i- I'liliii  iii.t.  .1 1     W  In  ii.  luiil  Uir  whiit  iii.li  ,1.  iliivuu.it  Mu- 

.T  liver. Iliile»  iHither  Hinilll.  i,  ill,'  purl  linn,  »  l.ieli  the  pi.'  ■<■    <  .I'.'lia.l..  '•>  .    N  In.'.'llt.  .St     I  ill  ill     M         111     '  0'  '  ','       '  '    j:,,,,,.  ,  ,,,,, 

..iiiim  in.'tiili.  arc  iliielly  exiK.iteil,  laiiia  nearcsl  to  tlie  ri.li  iiii-  ko),    Dnliillilea    (,l.nii-i-ii.-ka).    (.iiailiiliiil|  .       uMii-il.i-loop), 

iJiiL' .liHtri.ts.  .M.iiilKcmil.  illlll  St.  Kill'"  ai-i    viili'iina.  l.-llllill^  ami  „i  .M.  lUMi.  iii«i' wim  v.  mi  »T.  noMivw). 

Ar,i/ii(li;>,  Iwi  mili'ii  S.  .,f  M..xii...,  has  nn.'  nl'  tl,.'  lincft  l,ar.  \in....,ii  niiil  (inailal.nipc  il.':.tn,ctivc  crnptionn  liav.'  .icciir-        j    i|,iyi|_  „|||.  .i|'  tjie  riii.'>t  islnnils  in  Ilic  w.irlJ,  f 'inii'rly 

hi.rs  in  III.,  w.irl.l.l.iit  ll,.'  Kiliiiilinn  i»  iinlieallliy.     Swi  ///./.(.  at  ,.,.,1  within  the  presi'iil  ..'litiirv.  heliiii'.'.'.l  In  Knilic  niiil  Spain,  aiul  the  wi'Hti'rli  hull'.  llliihT 

Ihi'  iinnilli  .,rth,.  SnnliiiL'ii. 1  .!/.( :.(//.(«  an.l  I ni,i'/m,is.  ,m  tl"'        ,|    -pi,,.  ,  Uniiil...  t..n,p>',i'il  liv  the  inniilitain  air  anil  .".'a    i..,.,,,,,.',.    j,,   i;.;.,    ,.,|Hi,.|eil  >uj»i-,  ciiH'.'.',  '.nil  iilll.r  tiiipical 

"■,"," '»'.  I'lirlli.'r  iinrtli.  linvc  es..ell..,.l  liurl.n,.   a,,,l  (.n„«,.  e,'^  Inccz.'s    i*  .l.'lijlhll'ill  .liirini;  111.'  f;r,'al..r  pari  nl'  th.-   year;    .,,,„|,„.;.  ,„  ,1,,.  valiie  nl' *'J.',.0I1U,0UI),  {.'ivini;  >iiinh.vin.'llt  tn 

able  cnnnner,..'.      M..,,l,..y.  in  .Ne«      u  ilnrina.  i,  .,    en  v,j.lt.'.l  ,„       ;„  „„„„„„^  |n„.,.ic„„....  are  solneli.in's  ae,l,-,H.liv.'.   .  I,,,,  ,,,|    ,,  ,„„,  .,„,„„„  ,,.,„„.„,  ^         ^         I      ■ 

^:-::^'r::;ir:^l:"XtZ;.u':(\^'^^^^  ,    ■>■  Tli.'.l.i...'pr.nl,n.|i,i,i,„n.l..x,«„.,s,n. .ar,nin,.,i,.i.  ;    ,.  „;  ^,„  „,..■„,.„,,„..  ,„  ,hi.  Krenil,  par,  of  thi' i.hiiiil 

man  I'athiilic  iiiiH«i.iiiarie«.  i,i«.es.  ..ill...',  tiihii.e.,.  allspie.'.  oniii;;i's.  pineapples,  .iiHl.itl-   ,,,„,  „„„i|„t  |||,.i,.  niilsl.'ri,  I'xpellcil  ihen,  h-,n,i  till'  ikIiiihI, 

jlfo-„/.(.  on  an  ari.l  plain. '-'1  inil.'H  Ih.ni  Sixil.  its  jHirt.  near  the  .'r  liiMiniH  hulls.     The  .lii.'t  ilnport.s  ari'  llniir,  li»  l,  heel,    m,,!  |',,n,|,.,|  „„  in.lepeiiilcnt  (.'.i\.'r,,l,,e„t.  which  is  iioinilial- 

N.W,  point  utlhepeninmila,  is  th.'  .npilnl  of  Yncalin,.  in.ik.  liiiiil,..r,  iinil  hnrscs  I'liini  Ninlh  Aliieiieil,  illul  inullll-   |y  vcpiihlii'iiii.  hill  r.'iilly  a  inililaiy  lh^pnliMll. 

,    ,  ,  fuiliireil  i;i,.hIk  hnlii  l'.„,,,p.'.  I";),    [ll  UI-J'J  the  iiei-'rn.'.s  ilii.M' the  Spaniiii.ls  from  the  east 

mni::.:S"T!i r:r;^Ii;;i.':inI;;';;;:;;i:;i;;ha.,in,,V:^i,'r pniitin-n^';   *•■  t"""''*"'  <:">' ■■'''• .-  'r""^ ,t rr  ''"'"'"'^ "'""  i""-' "f ""•  ''''""i- '""' "'  '''•■' "■'>"' "*"■ ' • ■>  '"""■" 

t  Whiiii..tlii.  Majiiev|i'ii„t.  „iiilwhyi'.,li,vni...|.    .'..  Wl...t  i- ih.. .  ...h-  f,iiiii  any  "lln'r  c.i„„l,y  m  llin  worhl  .,1  the  siiiiie  ixtent,   ,|,.,||.lv  f  iii.noil.iMlll  for  lukn.iw  h'lk'inc  her  ii„l.'p..„.l.',,ce. 

I ll  nn.l  it«  „-..  I  .;. '.I..iil..-t,..  i.Minii.ls.  7.  ..xperla  .  H.  iiinmiin,  tun  -  I  wealth.  Illlll  population.  j        .(.  ''I'lic  iiilillial  I'xp.iits  i„T  ,,i.w   onlv  .f  l.llllll.tlllO,  anil  tllO 

I  '.1.  HA.i/,r,i»i/,.  v,..,r»m..nM».h.r..  l,...'!  I  tmvr  l-'JI  I     II,.  Illuil  kiiiil  of        7     .Snnin    was  i;irii,i',lv  solo  own.T  of  lliese  islanils.  Imt    |1,.|,|  t,,  Kniiiei'  wii"!.-  heavilv  nil  llie'i-.'veniie. 

\  m;"""!;':'!  !''' 1"  'lTow'iV,1;l'V..>mll.'.li.'m':'h.^-I'l  ^'l  rwii'.i  .V,','C  »"<-■'  "'■  'l"-"'  "'■"•  \'<>'ii' '»"■'•  "■'■•"•••'l  ''''"»  ^'»-  '-.v  i:"!.:!^""!  I      s.  Havti  si.ppii.'s  th.'  \.  <  ..f  Ai.i,.ric„  with  ^lall.>^■any. 

1  ti/i. ,  n  Mnlnll.,  1  n  /..nil.,. '  «  1  r.  ..I.  I     1 1   Whirl,  |..irt  ..1  ili.. .  ..iiiary  anil  Kiam-.'.      The  Inllowin;;  lilhl.'  show.s  Ihi-  extent,  poim-  j      ^.^^^.^  ^^^  1,^,^^^^,^,  ^11  1,1^,  ^,„,„_,  „f  ^  ,,^,,.     1,,,^.  „„  „,^,  „.,.,i  ,|,|o 

1  ,.  nn.M  ,».|.iinii,l     1...  rhi.rii.  h  r  .it  III.,  lii.liiin- 1     I.;.  II.  lu I     IT.  hili anil  In'esi'lit  iiw  iier  ol  the  prill.. ipiil  islaii.ls:  of  the  islnnil.   ('./;•  /A/v7»./i,nn  the  nnili,  eni'ist,  near  the  N.W. 

1  Wh..t,.,nl«h,T,.  ,Ml...i..u.,,ini.l..irli..l,.l..i     1-.  \Mml,iu,l  where  i«  ,.„,„,„  j     „  ,,..     ,. ,„,.„.  „>.,..,.  ,.,,,1  „r  ,1,..  islnn.l    nnil  '.</./'.../.. ..i'...  in  the  ,-:  K.  li.nnerly  llio 

1  th..l'.ili/e.     W  lier...  mill  li.r  V t  nut.  .1,  .M,.xu.o  I  \|..  ,.„h„ ,j,i,KI        MKMHlll        ."imiii.  caoil.il  ol  the  Spui,i»l,  part  nl  the  islnn.l.  are  the  inineipal  town.. 

Z  i  I'l.rt.)  lti..o 4.1111        .li.i.mHI  1  '  '  ^    , 

*  ....  .L..O...  .........11  1.. >..!....»  .  ••-.  .  .  ..  I  II......       J         ..........1..  „f  tl..> 


GUATIMALA. 

..iiinnri.  niil.'".  '.liO.IKHl  — r..|..ili.n..ii.  .,',i««Vli«,.— P..]..  tn  »i|.  ni..  10. 

1.  This  cminlry  is  noted  tor  its  niiiiiei'oiis 
voh'iinocs  illlll  tt'ii'ilic  i'iirthi|ii:ikt's. 

'i.  (iiialii,,Ml,i  (L'wii-le-iiiii  -la)  was  a  cnlniiy  of  Spain  iiiilil 
IR'JI,  wh.'ii  it  (l.'.'lare.l  il.self  an  iii.l.'p..iiih.iil  rcpiililie. 

:t  1,1  <.lii,iat.>,  prinliiitioiis.  I'l'hL'inn.  cliariu'ler,  lu'ts.  anil 
instilntiniis,  tiiialiniala  resi'iiihlcs  .Mcxicn. 

1.  Ahoiit  one  linirlh  of  the  inliilhilalils  aie  whit.'S  of  Spiili- 
isli  origin ',  ..ne  lliiril.  In.lians;    ail  I  tli.' r..~t.  .Mi'sli/ues. 

fi.  Till'  ^.'r.'iit.'r  part  of  th.'  population  is  in  the  cluviiti'il 
mo  liitiiin  viiUcvs  in  thi   N.W.  I 


I'l .rtt)  Itiro ,     ,     .     . 

.     .     4.1111 

:i;.viiiHi 
Mlll.nilll 

In 

Iliiyti 

.      .  '..H.IHIll 

lepi'liilent. 

.h.iiniii.n      .     .     .     . 

.      .     l'..ltNI 

;i.sn.inio 

(1. 

hritiiin. 

'Hie  llnlinlnii.^.     .     . 

.     .      .'1..VHI 

IH.7I  ' 

Tnni.liul     .     .     .     . 

.    .    l.nnii 

4;i.i;7'. 

l-.HI.IHKl 

.. 

Ilnrl.il.loi.s  .          .     . 

.     .         Kill 

.-.^I.  Kilt's      .     .     .     . 

711 

'il.lil'-' 

.\iitii;iin 

.     .         a;i 

:i:i.7.,'ii 

Il,enii.ln     .     ,     .     . 

.     .        mil 

'-';i.r.l-.' 

lliiniinii.n   .     .     .     . 

.     .         'Jll 

iH.:t7.". 

" 

f^t.  I.iiriii    .     .     .     . 

.     .       'J.,'.'. 

i.V:|.jn 

" 

.■^t.  yiiirent     .     .     . 

.     .        1:11 

•,'il.."i:i;l 

" 

Nivi»      .... 

.     .         'JO 

'••j.".ii 

" 

Mimtsi.rrnt     .    . 

.     .         17 

;.ii', 

" 

■riil.ni; 

nil 

i:i.a.-'i 

'. 

.^t.  'rintians     .     .     . 

.    .        Ill 

.^.IMHl 

11 

.n,,inrk. 

.'^i.nt.i  I'mz      .     . 

.       .           IIHI 

;ti 

lMinih.li)il|.e    .     , 

.     .        I'.T.'i 

I-JT.IHN, 

IrHiice. 

MHrtillivo 

;i70 

n,i.iKiii 

tJtn:slioii!'.~\.   W'lint   tii.linn-  1 e   n\v,i,.,l   llfiyti*  exi-orts   of  tllii 

Kreiuh  piirt  ill  I7S..1 1  ■,'.  Wlint  1  v.iit  ihi  iirr.  .1  in  IT'.H  I  :i,  in  Is.,".'  1 
in  le..'.'if  4.  ores,  lit  v.d.i..  nf  ..\p..rt.'  •  .V  W  Inr..  .hi...  llnyti  i>i  ml  niii- 
hi.^i.liy  I     Wlnr..  i.-  I'.irt  ml  Prime  I  I'lipe  Mnylii  11  1  \e. 

•lA^I  MCA. 

1,  ,Tamaieii  is  the  hiriiest  anil  most  valilalili'  of  the  Iliit 
isll  \V.  Imlia  islanils.  , 

'J.  The  principal  towns  ami  pliiiitiilioiis  iirc  mi  the  south 
siilc  of  the  islainl,  on  rich  |>liiM,»,  which  exleinl  linm  the 
.shiiriT  to  the  iiml  ..f  ih.'  lin.iiMluliis. 

A'l'iir*'"".  the  largest  town  in  the  British  W.  Inilies,  is  on  n 
spa.'iniis  unii  ennveni.'lit  rnil.lstea.l  in  the  S.K. 

i^iir.<riiui!'.—\.  Ki.r  whiit  is  .Innriii.niii.Ie.l  1  ','.  When'  nr..lli..  prii.  i. 
pnl  tiiwin  mill  phintiiliuiu  I    Where,  uml  lur  w  hi.t  iinteJ.  K.iiK>t..ii  I 


fit 


i 


m 


li 


10 


10 


10 


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^% 


^^«7/.7^/'5  S^'^'/'.s^'y/i 


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1 1.1V  ,'»l' 
J(upii;nt'u(iir;i 


YJbarir'fj 


^ 


v.-    ^5<! 


^lloriM    1(  smnrto) 


% 


ys';s>';i; 


<\x. 


"nisro  / 


A/   i)A  .¥>. 

-  .  u  Jt/aalttns  Y       /j 


•*    >« 


*ii?^ 


ivknsr 


A     tV  T 

.■^CmssvrhiiHtCtillru- 
ViUiiiu/s  MJ'aiii/irn'^, 


ouUoa 


I      >*: 


l.dfAIISi'iiils 


VtriurlliiK 
I'dilitlran" 


.     '  t?7H.ori'arniMt;iia 
I'nitnhirn'h 


•*   ..5nn.Tiiiiii  TI^J*  iTff   til 

iJt-  Si"       Viilii.ir;riH()Lj''Vb'6,'r^   X  f , 


=g=£==^'Iti;mr<in.inc(.i'/.lslnii!K      (MiiifnuiKiiliiViiijLn/i 


in«TCPOT>i^""t""'g ^gaa^s^';  - — - "?     -^ 


>i^" 


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~~i==ZI3^f^S~rr'=::::^=Prnin^tihi  fif'r^^ 


^^^^-''y,:    \''-"'i'""^ 


H^^l^'" 


CcifTfiiii(lii«l-    ^'     *-  ^ 


SOUTH  AMERICA 


SrjilPofMnpE 


j'ai'  S*--'<'li;ill 


■*«^, 


J7 


i.\ 


„ . ^^. -L,cit  ffiMiniul   y:i^ 


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<\^  KnlMa»jiUsl.ijnl.<  /  ,,^ 


/. 


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30 


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r.oimiliidi'KiisI    ,'t  rrniiii  VVasliineii 


IT 


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/ 


SOUTH    AMERICA,    Hll  A  Z  I  L,    AND    PATAGONIA. 


10 


111 


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30 


10 


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\ 


QUESTIONS  AND  EXERCISES  ON  THE  MAP. 

SOI  Til  AMKRICA.-Whnt  hrlimn.s  i-niincrts  Xuttli  niiil 
Smitli  AiiiiTicii  ?  Dn.  W'liiit  srii  waslns  tin-  nnrilii'tii  cmist  / 
Cii.  Wtiiir  (K-cjin  nil  t)ii>  N.K.  iirid  S.IC.  .'  Whnt  ix'riiii  iMi  llit; 
W.  .'  W'i'tit  rnjH-  lit  tlir  .soiitiicni  rxtninity  ?  iit  i\\v  i^ryxii  buinl 
ol  til'-  ciisr.'rii  cnnst  /   iit  tlic  north  rxlrcinity  f 

1 17/'//  /v  thi'  aiiHinl  ioursr  >>J'  tin-  roiisf  riiiiii  riijn^  (JiillinnH  to 
r(i|M>  St.  11(11(111' ?  riiiiii  cupu  rit.  l()M|iii' ti)  niiM' llnrii  /  tVoin  rape 
Hnni  to  tlif  imriillrl  ut"  IH  '  N.  liili|ii<lc  ' 

Wliiit  twoniuiitiii's  honlcr  on  tin-  ('iiiihliciin  sea?  Wliat  fivt>, 
nil  tlif  Atliiiitic  ?  What  six,  on  ihf  I'licitic  ^  Whatnnc  in  tlif 
interior/  Py.  117/^/  coii/ifrf/  (if  tin-  suiiili  fxtrcmity?  cnut 
fxtrt'iiiitv  ?  X.W.  extremity  ?     Wliirh  i.s  tin-  liir^'t'st  i-nuntrv  ! 

In  win.t  z„no  is  11...  unvat.r  part  .jfS.  Am.-rira  ?     Whnt  r..un- ,  ZJfu  nVo,^,.  and  I.utiWi  Voriers  m  S.  Ammm. 

trii's  wimlly  or  I'liirlly  ni  lln'  *'HTt(l  zniir  .'      v\  hut  cnunlru'H  ni  i 

till-  ti'iiipi-rjilc  z(iiH> !     \\'/)(/f  fii/i/rin  rnissnl  by  (In-  fi|uiit(ir  ! '      Vt.  Tho  i'linipjw  nro  covorod  in  many  pail.-j  witli  va.-il  liunis 

What  niMiiiitiiins  nni  iiloii;^  tUv  wmt  const  rtiun  ni;..-  Horn  to    of  w  ilii  liorM-.s.  ciittli-.  antt  shci'p,  wiiirli  ai'o  oltcu  hiinli'il 
D.irii'n  /     W'hiil  moinilains,  aioiiu'  tin-  etist  <-o;ist  ot'  IJiazil  .'  .,,|,i  ^Imi'litoriMl  incirlv  I'nr  their  hides 

Whirl,  is  the  hii-L-est  river  in  S   Aaieriea  .'  An  :  next  !  Va. :  '      ,; /'j-,,,:  |i,.,,lsrMen  ol"  the  I'mnna.s  live  nn  liorselmrk,  an.l 
noxt.'    (>o       i-ro.n  wli.t  two  eo-mlr.es  doe.,  the  Onnoeo  rere.ve  ,       .,,,,,,,1^.  ,„,„,,,  ,,-i„,  ,,  i„,„^  ',  ,,,„,„.,  „,         „,„„„  jj^j,.. 

Its  TV'.itfiM  .'      I' loni  whiir  tour,  (he  AiiiJi/oa  '      !■  min  whiit  live,    f  ,•  S         ..  .     .  '    ,.    .  '       ,-   .      , 

Kin  de  la  l>hitn  /     Jn  .-hot  Int.t.nU.  the  i, th  of  the  Anui/.on  .'  ,  "V  V"nls  Ion-,  tormed  at  one  end  into  a  iioos.-.  wha-h  ihey 

nioiith  ofthr  Oi-inoeo  I  numth  nfthe  ii  lo  de  In  Phita  .'  :  *'"''"'^'  '"  "  r'*''"  «M-'t"iiif,  uilli  unerring'  ann.  over  the  heiuj 

What  -iilf  wiishes  the  n.prlh  side  of  the  iMhime*  of  Diirien  }  \  "I  '■"'  '^vdd  horse,  hull,  or  (Klneli,  and  liiihlenintr  it  with 
\\'liat  hii\,  the  south  side  '.     What  l-uH  in  the  .\,W.  part  of  .  u  sinlden  Jerk,  ea-^t  hiin  tu  the  ^'lunial,  or  ^'.tlloi)  utl'  with 
\'eliezie'iti  I      Wliai  hove  island  at  the  S.  ex t remit y  of  S,  Anier   '  him  at  pleasini'. 
iea  .'     Wlmt  strnit   sep;irates  Terra  del  Kne^'o  I'miii  the  main 

1:iimU     What    i'^hnids  ahoiit    :!nM  miles  N.K.  of  eapu   Horn?;  l       ,-^-^  *„ 

What  ishi.i.ls  .'.no  miles  W.  of  Chili  I 

What  Himuitaiiis  separiite  Chili  iVoia  Uaeiios  Ayres  ?  Whnt ' 
di'sevi,  I'eru  trom  (Ihili  '  What  riveis.  I'aruL'iiav  I'roni  Bui;nofl  i 
AM-es  l     Wiiat  lak.'  on  the  horder  ol  I'era  and  iViiivia  .' 

"What  Iworiversimite  tolorinthe  l.a  I'lata  /  I  y..l'a.  Whirh 
is  llie  |iriuiipji!  hnnirh  oltlie  I'aramt  '.  \*y.  Whieh  an-  the  three  ; 
ureiit  westi-rn  branches  nlliie  I'araL'uil)  and  I'araiia  .'  I'o..  \'o.,  ! 
So.  ]\'u,n  i^tht--<,>iin;  x}U\\r  1  rn.'iiay  i  ot  the  i'anina  '.  of  the  ; 
I'arauMiay  '.  of  {\w  riltonia\o.  Xerniejo,  unit  SJahtdu  ?  lluw  far  i 
can  sloops  a^-end  the  I'.iraL'uay  ?  | 

What  two  rivers  unite  iti  form  the  Amnzon  ?  v1".«.  The  Tan- 
cara::na,  or  Marnnon,  an;l  the  I cayale,  or  I'aro.  What  three: 
hrimehes.  raeli  more  than  .M)  miles  loiiu,'  (reiul  t'nim  the  map),  i 

does  tliM  Amazon  n ive  frnin  the  north  .'     To.,  Va.,  ND.    What 

six.  each  more  ihim    inn  miles  lom:.  honi  the  south  I  \ 

What  is  the  face  of  the  country  I  Aha.  The  Andes,  an  ini- 
mi>nse  cbaiii  of  li)lty  ninantains.  runs  frnni  cape  Horn  to  the! 
isthmus  of  Darien,  altiau'  the  whole  west  reast.  at  a  distance  va 
r\  in--'  tidui  .'ill  to  inn  niiles.  In  Holivia,  I'eru.  and  fiuthi'r  north,  I 
tlie  chain  consists  of  parallel  laitiJi'H,  hrtweeii  which  are  table-  I 
lands,  elev;ited  several  thousand  f^el  alu.vi'  the  sea.  The  Bra-  1 
zilian  .\ndes  run  aloii-  th<'  eastern  i-oast  Ummx  in  to  ;(ii'  S.  hit.  \ 
Hetwicn  these  two  mouiilain  raiiLres.  from  \*ene/,uela  to  I'ata-  i 
uoina.  are  innnense  plams.  well  woo<let|  near  the  slit'iiius,  but 
els. 'Where  covered  with  LTass,  and  called  Idanos  iw  Pampas. 

What  is  the  cliniat,- .'  In  the  low  phnns  hetweeii  the  tropics.  I 
hot.  ami  in  manv  pails  unlu'althN ,  but  in  the  south,  and  <in  tht^  . 


jdo  the  Andes  ap[iearlrom  the  Tacilic  ?     :i.  What  ealanulv  fiv- 

|<|uent  in    the  Andes  ^     -1.   What   ditlietilth's   of  tniveliii/.'     .''t. 

I  What  iinimals  are  niiinerous  '.      )i.    How   wvt-  they  enULdil  \     7. 

I  iJescrihe  the   condor.     H,  What  qua.lruiped^  ?     H.   How  is  tha 

I  po|Mdatioa  classed  '.  11).  What  Kinnpeim  initions  colonized  S. 
America  f  11.  Wlmf  has  l.irit,  und  is  iimr.  tin'  condition  of  thn 
Indians  .'   lH.  the  pt>liti'-iil  eonditi<a)  of  thu  slates  f      \A.  What 

I  atatus  (ire  repulilics  f     Which  is  a  monarchy  /     Wliich  aix*  col- 

'onica  ?  M.  rcliL-inu  .' 

BRAZIL. 

Squnre  inilrf",  n.3in,00n._pi,|,n]iitiun.  .VH)O,000.— Pop,  to  cq.  ni.,  -J. 

1.  Bnizil,  one  of  the  laivLa'sl  countries  in  the 
world,  is  also  one  of  the  richest  in  vegetable 
and  mineral  products. 

'J.  lis  fertile  wiil,  nnder  a  tropical  sun.  jmHliicps  RUfinr, 
colVee,  cotton,  ami  the  must  htscions  iViiil.s  in  alauulunre. 

'.i.  'riie  fore.st.s  aliiiimd  in  valuable  woods  for  raliint;t-work 
and  ship-bnihlinL'.  dye-wnods.  and  inedieinal  [ilunts. 

■1.  The  rivers  teem  with  aliL'iitors,  und  tlie  forests  with 
iiULie  sernenl.s,  frrocioiis  lieu-ts,  troops  ol"  tnonkcys,  swnrm* 
of  insfcls.  tiiul  Hoek- of  tiundilv-eohn-ed  birds. 


CnirhiHX'   iiiiil  ilortita  uUli  tin   Law. 

The  rotn/or  of  Jbe  Andes  is  tho  larj,'Ost  hird  that  (lii's 

n  the  air,  its  wind's,  when  exleniled, 

'^^         scnnelinies  itn-asiirlni:    l(i  feet;  and  it 

S<  i^s^  strong'  that  two  of  them  will  dart 

upon  a  heifer  mid  kill   it    with   llieir 

beaUs   mid    talons.      It    soars    to    ihi 

hei;:bt    of  ^Jl). 1)0(1   fee!,  and    loves   tin 

rliiVs  whieh  lionh-*-  upon  the  limits  of 

perpetual  snow. 

^.J^        I!.   Amojii:  ihi*  (pnidnipeds  are,  tin 


A  liraiil'tiH  I'onsi. 


.').  Tninioiisp  lierds  of  (atlle  rutim  o\er  the  ^'ras>y  plains 
of  the  Inlei'ior, 

(J.  There  are  ri(di  L'"id  mines  iti  several  places;  and  a  fa- 
'  mows  dianuind  district  on  the  head-waters  td"  St.  rnna-iso 


.Jim^ 


^.j^        \>.   Amojii:  the  (piadnipeds  are,  the 
,\^  "i    if/iiiii.  rescinbliiiL'  till-  (  ainel,  but  stnall- 
i\   iho ///////■,  an  iiiotlensivt' animal. 


7.  About  a  fourth  part  id"  the  inhabil.ints  are  whiles;  a 
tenth.  Indians,  and  the  rest  chielly  iiei.'roes  and  imdaltoes. 

;>.  The  popiilution  is  .-ilmosl  eontlned  to  a  narrow  strip 
uloni:  the  coast,  und  to  the  mitdiiL'  di.-tricl.-  in  the  interior. 
The  re<f  id'  the  c.iniif  ly  i>  eliietly  unbroken  Inrol  or  liiassy 
plain,  inhubited  only  bv  Indians. 

!>.  Brazil  was  fonnerly  a  colony  of  rortiii.'al.  but  for  more 
than  '-JO  years  it  ha.s  been  iiith-pi'iiilent. 


table  lauds  of  the  Ande;.,  th.'  temperature  is  ikdiL-litful.  !  i  "'nior. 

What  remarkidile  fact  respeetimr  the  rivers  ot  S.  America  ?  ''"'r''  "■'*  "  '■"^^■.  wliicli  lives  on  ^'lass,  and  w  hen  distnrbed 
/I//1.  No  lar-'c  rivers  enter  the  I'acilic,  tin-  And.'s  forniini.'  an  lakes  to  the  river,  where  it  walks  on  the  licdtmn ;  l\u\iapH- 
unbroken  harrier  alonu'  the  whole  wi  st  coast.  The  Braziliiiii  ;  ar,  t)V  S.  Ainerirun  li::er  ;  the  s/o/h.  the  nio^t  >lnL':.'I-.b  of  all 
Andes  funa  a  similar  barrier  in  th.!  east  lium  10    to  ;(U^  C;.  lat.  j  animals;  and  the  ,////-,  ,//rr,  that  lives  wholly  mi  mils,  wliich 

.  ,        '^•":      T     ,  T,       .,         .      I''  *■""•■<■'•■'  I'V  lliiiistini:  it,s  hut^',  slender  tonmio  into  their 

Bit  A/lI.  — W  hat  eiiiht  countries  border  upon  Hrnzil  on  tho    ji,,!,.^ 
W    and  .\  W    '      What  countrv  on  the  S.W.  /     What  water,  i 
on  th.'  N  i:.  and  S  Iv  .'  "  1 

What  L'leat  river  receives  all  the  waters  cif  the  X W.  part  of  ; 
BiaziW  An.  WhatriviTthe  waters. if  the  SW.  part .'  L.Vn.  \ 
In  wliat  lalilude  does  th.'  .Vniaz.m  enter  the  sea  !  In  w  hat  lati-  \ 
tilde,  the  I, a  I  Mat  a  I  What  iireal  river  licsides  the  Amazon  emp-  ■ 
1ie>  uuder  the  e.piator?  I'a.  What  river  skirts  the  west  toot 
cpf  ihi'  Brazilian  Andes  lor  Hino  miles.  im<l  cmpli.'.s  near  hit.  in-* 
S.  f      In  what  zour  is  the  basin  or  vid|e_\  of  th.-  Anuizuu  ? 

I).-scril.e  the  Amitzon.  .1/*.^,  It  rises' in  the  Amies  ah.n.l  litO 
lujles  X.K.  ot  Lima,  under  the  name  ot  Apuriniac.  anil  enlers 
the  oc.'im  under  the  ei|uat<u-  by  a  mouth  17.*.  iiules  wide,  aftiT 
a  ecaose  of  litnn  miles.  The  tide  Hows  up  i>(in  niilcs  ,  largii 
Kliip>.  ascend  'J  100.  inal  st.uonhoats  to  the  toot  of  the  Andes.  " 

What  is  the  capital  ot  Brazil  '      How  is  H  io  .jaiieire  situated  ?  ^- =-=^ — -li—      -.  -  rr-'ir    t-  '■  i       r»       t  .i  ■•   i    •  n  i      i.     ■•       ■         i 

it.|..Mml„,iu„f     I„«i,„t/..m,.i,,t'     I„wlM„,.,rlnl,l„.z,m..?,  /„,,„.    "'  si..,,,.  '.,..,„„.r.  I       Rin  jANKIIi...    ll.- nipitM  .  H  I.  wrll-l,,,,]!  rity.  IM  M  l...,nll- 

Whiit  i..wMs„r],],.iviliiih  r.ci.diii)  iiiliiii.iii.iMs.iii  ilirci.asi.  Ill-;     „   ,,.,  ,    •       .•^.    .       •     •         „  ,     ,  ,    ti'l  <'""iiiiv.  "iiii  i' I""'  l''"ii"i- •iii'i  '■'^"■"'i^i' '■""""'■■■•■'■. 

lw,-.i,  lliu.liiiu'Ln.i<hil('iip<'  Si.  lli..|iii'  !    WliiU  li.Wiisdl'.'O.OUO  ,    "•    ""'  l"'!'"!'!"""  "■  f"'  Alllcncii  IS  Kliiiill.  coininil-i'il  witli  liirriiil  on  chii-ltv  l)v  i:ii:;li.|i  .iiiil  iiUiir  i;iici;;iiiTs. 

liii.l  niuviinl,  Iprlwrcn  lup,'  Si.  Il.i.in,'  iiml  llic  Alim/iill!     '  '•»  ''"liMlt  nnil  Irrtllitv,  llliil  (iilisisls  ol'  wliilr>,  Indian.",  lie-  S.ni  .•^iil'r.i.h.r.  ii'r   ll.ih  i,i.  in  llii'  lilcMl  |iu|iii1ciiis  iiMil  lul- 

}.'nli'S.  liii'sliziii-.s.  Miiil.'iniM'.i (I  ,<;nilliipc<.  ;  livnli^il  |iiirt  cil'  Hiiizli.  uii  -.i  Hue  liiirlidr.  in  tin'  liiiv  iif  All 

SOUTH   AMERICA.  ■      lU;  Tli.>  whit.s  m-  .hirllv  uf  S|iMiii»h  oiifiin,  rxi-.^iil  iij    Saiiils,  is  Ihf  liviil  III'  Kin  in  ciiiiii ■.•.•  iiml  ii(.|inl,iliiin. 

Pcinnri- iMili>.,7,l|-,'i((i.-i',,|,ul.,li.iii,  l.V-'l(MK)i).-I'u]i.  tuKi.  111., ".  Hi'i'zil.  uliiili  wiis  .srlllril  liv  llii'  I'.ii  I  n:;nc'M>.  ami  in  (iiiia-  P.rniim!.,,  i:,.  Mnr.iiih.ini  .  and  I'.ini  ai-c  also  iiii|iiM-laiit 

,                             ■         1         1                   ■  nil.  uliric  lliiar  arr  a  li'i»  i:a;;li-ii,  Dillili.  anil  I'n'Hill.             (■(inilni'li  iai   tciwiis.      .-O.   Ciitl,,  riii.- ,St.   (' — i'   i-laliil.  S. 

1.  Siilltll  AnieriCll  Inislliriror  rivcrs.ll  "rrclltl'r         H.  Tin'  Inilians.unii'  llir  s^lr  |iii.Hr,snisiirilii'iiinli it.  i,r  Itin  .lamain.  is  llir  rrsiilinir  111  many  n-Pri'il  iiirnlianls. 

('Xtl'lllol'triipil'lll  vccri'l;iti()ll.|;lr"('rlu'r(lsil|'usi'-  "'''.''  ""'"'"''''  ■""'  ''"slavi'il  n-nluiii's  ii).'ii  ill  I  111'  pails  nr-  ;,',■„  a,;iii,l,\  nil  llli'  roilsl,  liiithi-i-  .siinlli,  i>  rallliills  I'nr  lliiirs, 

,.   I                 I             1     ■    r                       ■•'"                  '       .    '    ■  i'n|iir(l   liv  llii-  Spaliiarcls,  lull   liii'v  Hiill  ri'tiiili  ijii'ir  iliili'-  whicli  arc  laii;i'lv  I'vpnrlril, 

till  llllllllllls.  IIIUI  richer  IIUIICS  ol  |UVCIOUS  limiei-  p,.,„|,.,„.,.  ii,  l'a,a^i,nia,  ami  m.  Ilir  lippiT  wal.Ts  nl'llir  Am-         '/V,„' tlir  rapilal  i.l'  llf  iliamnml  ill-lri,t  ;    V,//„   Ilin,. 

ills  tilllU  liny  (lllier  ffreilt  division  of  the  eiirtil.  »"<"■     Imlian  slaviTV  is  nuw  imiviasally  almlislinl.                   m.ar  'piia  iniiii's.  liirmiTlv  ■■-li'r il  llii'  lii  lirsl  in  tin-  wniM; 

"    Till'    Vliil'i's  piv^iait   II   111  I'MiiruTiil   alipi-innri'  In  llii'  ''-''   '\'  'I"' '"'f;!"""!^' "I' ll'is 'I'litiiry  nil  tin' S.iiilli  AliiiT-  ami  r/c/'Win,  in  a  liatilr  inuliliN  .  linUil  also  I'm- j;hIi1  liiini's, 

Vdva-n-  nil   llir    I'arili,-.  Ill,,   siinw,  wliiili   cinu'iis  its   li.llv  'V""  ■"'•".'T  "'.""'  -^"."'.i''''' , ';'  l;!"'"!"'''"   Imli""^!    l"ll   illllili|.;  ar,.  in  l|„.  iiilrii.ir. 

Kiiiniiiits  I'.iiiii-isliii.r  i iHnIIv  Willi  iIm.  ,l..,.ii  1,1 liln.   • "' '  1 1' M 1 1  ilcs  ill  ,Sp  1111  0  ii  I  I'l  ill  n;;al .  I  lii'U' II  ill  ilili'S  1  lii'i'sv  i)ll  ,      ^      ,.  ,    ,-.         ,    ..    „       .|      .1,     .,,1-1    .      I,-. 

hiiliimiis,  ( .iiiiiusiinu  III  .inliliillN  \\  illi  Hit-  ili-rp  liMic  iil  lln'   ,j      ..   i,  i  i    ■'  j    i  i     ,  Qnr.i/t.111.1. — 1.  Fur  wlitit  is  Bnizii  iimIimI  '     '^.  \\  liat  ciiltiva 

sk\    lii'Viiml,  while  iiriMsi. liv  aiinlliiT  riilltiasi  is  cvliiliil-  "",.;  U'    ''l"'  "'.••'•.'l";' "'"H'l "'•  ti-il  Tinulinlinns  .'  ;l.  pimlui  lions  ulllir  luivsl  .'    1.  \vil,l  iininials  .' 

nl  ill  va.sl  vnliiinivs  III' smnkr  mill  linTniiltr.H'i-mn  some  of        l<-  '^iniv  Ihrii  in.  .■pi-iiiliaii  i-,  llir  S|ianis  1  priiviiirrs.iift.T   .-,    „„.|„|    ,n,ini,ils  '  1;.   niinrnils  .'     7.    How    is    lli,-    pii| linn 

ils  liiliu  rinv  III'  Mili-aliiii's,  I  llliirli  iiiiiloiillnn  anil  iliMs ,  Innr  Iniiiioil  tlioinsi-lvrs  iiilii   ,.\„nac.i  '.     H.  Wlui-o  is  llio  |,o|iiil.itioii  '  '.'.  politU-ul  lomliliou! 

;j.  Tho  oilios  lioar  tho  voli-alliios  iiftoii  siiIUt  IViilii  carlli.  !'";. '■'.■/'"'''':',';  ',''   \ '■"••""■la.  N>»  (iianaila,  Kiinailiir,  roni,    Where,  uml  lur  what  iiotoil,  llio.lanoiio  !  .Vo. 

(inakos,  auil  llio  liniisos  in  tlioso  ilistriits  ,110  ijoiiorallv  liilill  '',''.'*"'■*  l""' "">■""»  )>i'''N     i"r""i.v.  anil  I'aiaiiiiay.     ISrii-^ 

low  In  priiloit  tlioiii  Iriiiii  this  ilaiP'or  '  "'  '"  "  '"'"''''I  mi'H'i'rli  11.  iimlor  a  snvoroi^'li  slyloil  l.iiipor- 

.|.   In  llioo l.losiiavorso.llnlli.i  .\,i,|os  fii..h!r,il  p.-c-  '"'•  lll"'""l.v  '-nh.ni.,,  loll  aio  llio  small  iiiios  iil' tho  Kli^'- 

ipioos,   vawiiin-  ilrLins ,1   r,„i,ias   tnrionts  .Miitiiniallv  '"■','■,",','.','■''•,',""'  '  ■''"■  i'  "1  (•■"'"mi.  .,     .       , 

n-iiss  Iho  palh  III'  tho  tiaM-lor,  wli.i  .all  iiiako  his  way  iiiilv         ', '■  , ''"'     '""'"I   '  '"  '"!"'   n-liLMiiii  piovails   m  tho  pirts   i,o,l  |,v  savauo  Ihilians,  so nf  wh.nii  aio  romarkaiao  I'nr 

.111  Iholiiuksiil'iiinlosiir  liiiliaiis;  ami  .il'loii  l,v  r,ip..|iri.h''.  ■■"''"''''  ''.^'  '.'"'  ^|',""Hr.ls,  I'.Mtn-il.'s...  aii.l  Iroiioh,  anil  lln'    ,|,oi,-  :.i:-aiit 

OS.  .iv,.r  whi.'li  ho  pas.s,.s  ill  a  lia.skot  i.r  hamni-.ok.  iiia,!.'  tu  '  ''""■"'■""  '»  ••"J.'lf'li  I  ""••■li  <i"™ia 


PATAGONIA. 

I'alaiionia  is  a  bleuk,  liurren,  di'-aiy  cc.untry,  tliiidy  inhalt- 


t 


i 


^1 


tlido  froir  uiie  e^nd  of  the  rope  to  the  oihei 


I      Qui:-t ill/is. — Wlinl  is  the  eliuinte  of  ButaL'nnia?  soiM  n«pect 
(^•"  :fions.-^\.  Kor  what  i«  South  Anu-riea  noted  ?     1'    How   of  (lie  eountry  '  populoiisn.'ss  '  charact.T  nf  the  inhiihitiints  .' 


i*^ 


QUESTIONS  AND  EXEROISES  ON  THE  MAP. 

GI/IANA.— WImt  wntcron  tlii-  N.  ofGuinha?  WImt  roiin- 
trj  on  tlip  K.  anil  S.  ?  Wliat  rnuntr^'  on  llio  \V.  ?  Wlint  thrt-e 
KunipiMin  inilinns  own  (Jiiiiinit  ?  What  [hrvv  rivers  lit;  wlml- 
Iv  in  Enu'Iifili  (iuiauu?  What  rivrr  iiihTscrts  Diitcli  (iiiianii  7 
IV/iat  is  the  rfiirf  toicn  of  EngUsli  Guiana?  of  Dutch  Guiunii  ? 
of  Krench  Guiana  / 

What  is  the  fjuv  of  the  country  T  Ans.  Near  the  roast,  level 
omi  very  fertile  ;  in  the  interior,  ninuntaiimus. 


—What  Reatnitlie  \.  of  Venozuria  ?      IM'trt 

on  llurS.f  on  the  W.?     Whtit  larcr  laK.- anil 

What  uMilf  in  the  N.E.  helweeu  Triniihui 

What  is  the  great  river  uf  Venezuela  f  the 


VEXEZUKLA, 

roii/Un/tm  tin-  IC. ,' 
f,nilf  ill  the  X.W.  ? 
and  the  mainland  i 
capitai  ? 

What  in  the  fare  of  tlie  rountrv-  ?  Anx.  A  branch  of  the  An- 
«!es  lioni  New  (iranada  nnis  S.K.  near  lake  Maraeayho,  and 
nloni:  the  coast  to  the  L'ulf  of  Puria.  The  ri'st  of  tin;  counlry  is 
ehiefly  auiauueuse  plain  watered  hy  the  Orinoco  unil  its  hriuiclius. 


NKW  GH  AX  AT)  A.— What  water  on  the  K.  7  rountr\-on  (he 
E.?  S.E.  ?  y.  ?  \V"hat  wateronthe  W.  .'  istlinius  (Hi  the  X.W.  ? 
jirinciiml  river  of  Xew  (Jninada?  principal  liraneh  of  the  Mag- 
daleiui?     Wht^rc  does  the  Ma.irdalena  rise?  empty  7 

What  is  the  face  of  the  country  ?  Au^.  The  Andes  enters  the 
country  near  its  S.W.  eonu'r.  and  soon  (li\  ides  into  three  chains, 
one  paasinu  N.K.  into  Veui  /uela,  another,  tht-  central  ami  lotli- 
est,  runnitiL'  N.  betwt-en  the  rivers  M — a  auil  (' — a.  and  the 
third  windiau'  alone  the  coast  to  the  isthmus  of  Darien.  Be- 
tween the  mountain  (chains  are  tahle-lands,  elevated  from  (iiKH) 
to  iMiOl)  feet  aliove  the  sea;  and  east  of  the  mountains  eounnenee 
the  low  plains  of  the  Orinoc<j  and  Amazon. 


y.aV XDOn.- IVhnt  roitu/n/  oil  the  N.  7  on  the  E. '  on  the 
S.  ?  What  water  on  the  \V.l  What  L'ulf  in  llie  :?.W.? 
What  is  tlie  capital?     lu  what  latitude  is  Unite  .' 

What  ia  the  face  of  the  eountr\- ?  Ans.  The  Ande.q  passes 
through  the  country  frifni  S.  to  N.  in  two  ridires  of  colossal 
peaks,  from  '-J5  to  .'>l)  miles  apart.  Hctween  the  riilu'cs  are  ta 
ble-lands,  elevated  fnan  i»Ui)0  to  lH.tXii)  fcf(  almve  the  sea.  On 
both  sides  of  the  mountains  the  country  is  low  and  level. 


VVAW.—  nitaf  counfrii  on  the  N.  ?  on  the  E.  7  on  the  S.E.  7      ^ 
What  water  on  tlie  S.W.  and  W.  7 

Wliat  is  the  face  of  the  country?  Ans.  Alone;  the  coast  is  a 
low,  .sandy,  barren  plain,  from  ;iO  to  100  mili-s  wide.  Theti  comes 
the  Andes,  in  jiaiallel  ridi:es.  between  which  are  liieli  table- 
lamLs.     East  (jf  tin;  Andes  is  the  irreat  plaiu  of  tlie  Amazon. 

What  L^reat  river  receives  all  the  waters  which  fall  in  Pern, 
east  of  the  Andes  ?  Xaine  some  of  the  itriucijial  tributaries  uf 
the  Amazon  from  Peru. 

What  is  tiie  capital  of  Pent  7  What  port  on  the  coast  near- 
est Lima.'  Wliieh  way  fnjin  Lima  is  Cusco  .'  /'*  irliut  part 
cj  Peru  is  Arequipa?   Huaueavelica  /  GuannuiL'a  ?  Truxillo  ? 


nOLlVTA.— Tn/,j^rn»»/r//ontheX.?  E.7  S.  7  W.  ?  What 
water  on  the  SAV.  7  What  desert  alonu'  the  shore  of  the  Pa 
citie  \     What  lake  on  the  bor4ler  of  Peru  .' 

What  is  the  face  of  the  cnnntrv?  Ans.  The  Andes  runs  in  n 
continued  line  frtun  Chili  throuL'li  the  western  jiart  of  Itolivia 
into  Peru.  Near  lat.  ~0  f?.  a  branch  passes  to  the  <'ast  uf  lake 
Titicaca,  where  it  throws  up  the  lnftii'st  summits  on  the  Amer 
ican  continent.  The  country  around  these  lofty  summits  for  a 
yreat  distance  is  a  very  elevated  table  land. 

Whfif  erruf  rirrr  liniins  the  northern  part  of  Rolivia?  the 
Boutheni  part  i  Which  is  the  hif^hest  mountain  in  America  ' 
What  is  its  height  ? 

What  is  the  capital  of  Rolivia  ?  Where  is  Potosi  ?  La  Pa:s  7 
Cochabamba?     What  jnirt  has  Hulivia  .' 

CHILL— What  coniitry  on  the  N.  7  E.  ?  S.E.?  WImt  water 
on  the  W.  ?  What  mountains  on  the  eastern  border  ?  What 
island  at  the  south  extremity  I  What  islamis  -100  miles  W.  uf 
A  i'h'araiso  7 

\Vhat  is  the  capital  ?  What  port  nearest  tlu' capital  ?  What 
townof  lO.ODU  inhabitants  X.  of  \alparaiso  ?     What  one.  south  .' 

What  is  the  face  olthe  cnuntry  !  Ans.  The  Andes  ninsakmi,' 
the  eastern  border,  throwiiiL'  u\t  numerous  lofty  summits,  11  of 
which  are  voleanocs  in  a  state  ut  c-ujistaiit  eru|ition.  The  coun- 
try below  the  Andes  is  enniposed  to  a  ereat  extent  of  valleys. 
Kunuunded  h^  hiLrli  rid::es,  impassable  except  by  mules  or  lui 
fuot. 


BT;EX0.«  AYIlEri.- What  country  on  the  X.  7  What  three 
countries  on  tin'  K.  !  ^VIlat  water  on  the  S.IC.  ?  coinilry  un  the 
tS.  f  on  the  \\'.  .'     What  ri\er  .separates  it  from  IruLnniv  7 

What  is  the  capital  ?  Where  is  Ituenos  Ayres  7  Cornentes? 
Mendoza  ?  San.lnan  '   Salla  I  Tueuman  .'   Cordova?  Santa  Ke  ? 

What  is  the  face  rtf  the  cniiiitry  ?  Ans.  Immense  plains,  call- 
ed pampas,  covered  with  L-rass,  like  the  prairies  of  N.  Ann^rica. 
orcuiiy  nearly  the  whole  country  except  a  nigired  dihtriet  alunu 
the  foot  of  the  Andes. 


PARAGT'AY.— ^Vhat  country  on  the  X.  and  E.7  What 
iviantrv  on  the  S.  and  W  '  Wliat  river/>rm-;  Me  iHtun-Uirii  on 
the  E.'and  S,  7  What  river.on  the  W.  .'  How  far  is  the  Para- 
^'uay  naviizable  fipr  sliMjps  ?      lu  w  hut  zone  or  zones  is  ParaL'uay  ' 


What  is  the  ta.e  uf  the 
about  lOUO  leet  above  the 


iuiitr\  '. 


Ans.  Level,  and  elevated 


URt'Gt'AY.— What  country  on  the  X.  and  X  E.?  water  on 
the  S.  f  country  on  the  W.  and  S\V.  ,'     What  river  sc/jtira/en 
it  from  Ihtenon  A^res  oti  the  W.  '     What  river,  on  tlie  S.W.  7 
42 


Mvst  from  3  \\aNhhi^i}iL 


'M 


\  Tflasl  titiiii  Washtnui..! 


GUIANA,    VENEZUELA,    NEW    GRANADA,    E  Q  U  A  D  O  R,    PERU,    BOLIVIA,   CHILI,    &c.    43 


IQi 


ff\hft 


GUIANA. 

Pqunn-  m\\v^.  irfl.IlOO— I'l.puiiition,  -Jr-IMHM).— Pop.  In  fx],  in.,  2. 

1.  CIuiiuKi  (i;he-u'-ii;i)  is  now  the  only  ronn- 
try  ill  t^.  Anierir:i  under  Ennt|)e;ni  contivt!. 

'J.  Till'  rliniilc  iiiitl  itnidiK'tidiis  iirc  similiir  Ut  those  uf 
lln'  \\r>\  Iiidiis.  (.'ntluu,  augur,  udcou,  cuttun,  mid  iiidijio 
!ire  I  III'  sliiplcs. 

'i.  Tin-  |»l;iriialionH  aro  (^liicrty  iirm*  tlio  coiiHl,  the  iritenor 
hciii;;  hrhl  liv  iii(h>[i<MicliMit  liuliaiis. 

■t.  fjihor  is  prrluniH'il.  us  lit  thr  West  Indii'i.  by  negmes, 
wljii  tiirm  innm  than  luin'  tciilhs  nt' ihr  ])n[MilutMni. 

').  Ijiulish  GuiuiiJi  iiirliiih's  thr  llirrc  sinull  cnhmioH  ))f 
I;ssim|iu'Im»  (ivs-so-kc'-lMt),  Drincra'ni.  uiid  Hcrliicc  (luT- 
Ikmti*').  nuirifd  tVom  tlit'  rivers  on  which  tlicy  lit',  (it'or^f- 
towii.  tiirincrly  Stabriu'k  (sta'-bro(»k),  at  tlie  iiioutli  ol'  U — a 
ri\<M',  irt  its  ('aj)ital. 

(i.  Oiitcli  (iiiiuiia  irt  oulU'd  nUn  Surinam',  from  its  princi- 
pal riN'T.      l'aruniur'il)o,  on  S — ni  river,  is  its  eupitul. 

7.  I  icncii  (Juianu,  cullrd  t.lsn  Cuyenne  (ki-un').  i.s  noted 
fi)r  llie  punufiil  red  pe[)per  ot"  that  nunie.  Cayenne,  on  a 
very  fertile  island,  is  the  capital. 

Quc^fions. — 1.  For  whnt  is  Guiium  nntfd  ?  0.  climntc??  sta- 
plos  '.  :t.  WhtM-o  HIV  the  pluntalinns  f  4.  Who  dt)  the  hdmr  ( 
.">.  What  eoloiiics  iiirluiicd  in  KuL'lish  Guiiuia  .'  cupitaW  li. 
What  other  naiiif  tur  Dutrh  (iiiiana  /  capital  /  7.  What  other 
ninne  for  French  (juiana  !  caiiital  ? 

VENEZUELA. 

Hquiiro  milcH,  I'^VKKI,— INipuliitidii,  ],i)()(l,iM)().— I'Dp.  to  tx].  m.,  ',>. 

1.  Venezuelii  (ven-e-z\vu'-|ji),  lornierly  the 
C!iptain-,irenet'!ilslii|)  ()t'Cunicr;is,  is  noteil  lor 
tlie  rifdmess  of  its  veu^etiihie  })r<Kliu'ts. 

'2.  All  the  staples  of  the  West  Indies  are  raist'd  here,  and  ■ 
of  excellent  quality;  the  cocoa  liein*;  re;„'urded  us  the  best 
in  the  worhl,  the  tobacco  inferior  oidy  to  tlial  of  Cuba,  and 
the  indiL't),  1o  lliat  of  (iuahniala. 

:{.  About  two  thirdrt  of  the  population  are  of  Afri(-un  ori- 
gin; one  t<ixth  art!  whites;  and  the  rest,  Indiaii.s,  niost  of 
whom  are  civilized. 

Caruc'cart,  the  capital,  finely  situated  on  table-lanil.  3000 
feet  above  the  sea,  was  almost  mined  in  l!!l-2  by  an  earlh- 
(piake,  which  buried  in  a  moment  10,000  of  its  inhabitants. 
l,a  Gitai/' ra  (lu-j^wi'-ri).  its  port,  is  7  mih's  distant. 

Auionj,'  the  other  chief  towns  are  Mar>iciii'l>i\  on  Muni- 
caibo  lake,  :iear  its  outlet;  Vah'n'cia.  on  tahh'-lanil  west 
uf  Cm'uccas,  and  Ciimuna',  on  the  coast  east  of  that  city. 

Qiiesfiona. — 1.  For  what  is  Venezuela  noted?  'i.  staples  T 
What  products  especially  excellent  ?  :i.  How  is  the  population 
classed  /     Where,  and  lor  what  notoil,  Caraccus  1  i.c. 

NEW  GRANADA. 

Stjuim    mill's.  4.'.l).0(m.— i'lipiiliitiuri.  I.KXUiiHl— I'op.  to  pq.  m.,  4. 

1.  New  Griuiiuia,  in  the  X.W.  part  of  S. 
America,  comprises  the  celel)rate(l  istlinuis 
ol'Darien  or  Panama'. 

i}.  The  climate  uiid  productitnis  liuve  all  the  variety  wliich 
belnuL's  Imth  to  low  and  to  elevated  f.-rlile  plains,  under  a 
tropiiul  sun  ;  sui:ur,  cotfee.  cotton,  and  all  W .  India  stuples 
rii>erdn;:  well  in  tlu;  U)w  country,  and  Kuropean  gniintt  on 
the  tulile-lands. 

:i.  (Jold  ubtmnds,  and  there  are  also  mines  of  silver,  plu- 
lina,  eiuerulds,  lend,  copper,  and  salt. 

4.  'I  he  falls  of 'reipiendama',  on  the  river  Hogota',  15 
miles  from  the  city  of  Uogota',  are  anicnig  the  most  wonder- 
ful in  the  world;  tin'  water  nishinu  o\er  a  perpemlicidar 
precipice,  at  two  leaps,  to  the  depth  (dj7  1  feet. 

5.  The  twf)   hrid^'i's  of   Icoihhizo,   over   a   nurn)W   and 
'   ,^.    plotiniy  eha>m  in    the   mountains, 

^^^   on  the"  road  fnun  Hoijota'  tty  I'iipu- 

j  van',  are  surprising  productions  of 

u;iture.      The    hii,'he.-«t    is    Ui   feet 

"JJ;^  long.    40    (i-el     wide.    1!    fret    tlliik. 

■,  and  eiev.ited  ."f-JO  li-et   uhove   the 

•  torrent  below. 

().  The  population,  cnmpnsed  of 
whites,  civili/ed  Indians,  and  nies- 
I  lizocs.  is  settleil  chietly  on  the  l;i- 
.  hh'-lands. 

IhfooTA',  or  Surita  Ke  di'  lhii:nta. 

j  the  capital,  is  a  well-huilt  city  on  a 

heuMtifiil  fertile  jtluin,  on  the  snmll 

river  Hi^'oia'.  elevated  0700  feet 

abiivi-  llie  H  -a. 

Popnijan',  cm  the  Cancii,  near  itj* 

"Onree.    is    the   -et'.tnd    et(y     in    [HJp- 

ulaticMi ,     I  'nrffntcf'ii'J.    near    the 
mouth  of  the    MuL'dale'ria.  is  the 

princi|t;d  port,      /'or/rt    Ii,//,t  and  Panama',  on  the  isthmus 

(d  Durieii,  are  abo  noted  pints. 


QitfHtii/uH. — 1.  Fiu'  whnt  is  New  (jnuiada  notiMl?  'J.  eliniiite  ? 
pnidui'tions  f  It.  niinenils  /  I.  cataract,'  ."i.  natural  liridges/  t». 
populatiuit  '     Where,  and  ibr  wliat  inttud,  Bogota  ?  \c'. 

EQUADOR. 

Sipuire  niilc^  UHO/KH).— I'diiuliUlcui,  "OiMVK'.— Pop.  to  pq.  ni.,  0. 

1.  This  cfunitry,  iyinir,  ns  its  name  imi)lies, 
under  the  e(piator,  is  noted  for  the  most  cele- 
hrated  summits  (tfthe  Andes. 

■J.  Chinihora'/.o, 'Jl.llU  feet  hit-'h,  supposed  till  lately  to  he  the 
hiirhcsl  nioiintaiu  in  tht;  woi'ld,  was  ascended  hy  lluniJHpldt  in 
17!»7  to  the  hei^dlt  ol"  ]9.:rhi  feet,  an  elevation  never  hi'tort?  at- 
tainerl  hy  inau.  He  tiiund  thi;  air  intensely  cold,  and  so  thin 
that  it  was  ditllcult  to  hreathe  it.  Some  of  thi'  party  hecunie 
liirht  headed,  and  hlood  hurst  iioni  their  lips  iiud  eyes. 

\i.  Cotupiix'i,  1H,!M«)  tect  liieli.  is  the  most  tri'ineiidous  volcano 
in  the  world.  The  Hanie  siunetinies  rises  :)iHm  feet  ahove  the 
top,  aiul  diirinu;  the  eruption  in  lHn:i,  Iluniholdt,  at  (Jiniyaiphl, 
l.'iO  miles  distant,  heard  its  roar  day  and  night  like  the  continu- 
erl  disi'harL'e  of  artillery. 

I,  Pirhin'cha,  the  vtdeanic  niountnin  on  the  side  fif  whicli 
Q,uito  is  built,  was  ascended  hy  the  French  Aeudeniicians  to  its 
lop  iI.'t.OiM)  freti,  troll)  wliicli  they  saw  tlu'  clouds  spread  out  far 
beneath  and  all  anunid  them,  and  from  tiicir  calm,  sunny  station 
witnessed  the  |»lny  of  tlie  liLrhtnhiL',  tlu'  rolling'  of  the  tluuider, 
and  the  hurstiiiu'  of  tlu'  storm  in  the  valleys  helow. 

."i.  In  climate,  soil,  prodm-ticnis,  and  ciianicter  of  the  pop- 
ulation, Fipiiulor  restnnbles  New  (iranada. 

Ql'ito  (ke'to).  the  capital,  under  the  ecpiattn',  on  the  side 
of  the  vtdcanie  nionntain  I'icliin'cha.  Jl.')l)0  iWt  above  the 
sea,  sulVei-s  from  eartlnpiakes.  but  enjoys  perpetual  spring, 
w  itbin  sight  of  eleven  summits  of  the  An<les  covered  with 


d  /It  Amiiti  ii'iir  i^unii. 

Giifii/aqiiif  (gwi'-u-keel),  noted  for  its  line  hailjor  and 
navy-yard,  is  the  principal  port  of  the  republic. 

Qnrstionx. — I.  For  what  is  K»puuk>r  noted?  2.  Whnt  is  said 
n/"  Chimborazo  /  '3.  Colopaxi  ?  4.  richincha/  5.  climate  ?  Jtc. 

PERU. 

Pquiire  mile-",  4!X).OflO.— ropulatioii,  l.iHWl.WO— Pop.  tn  sq.  m..  .1. 

1.  Pern,  once  tlie  seat  oi'the  empire  ot  the 
Incas,  is  noted  tor  its  mines  ot'precions  ntetals. 

'J.  The  Indians  who  inhabited  I'et'u  when  coiKpiered  bv 
I'izurro  in  \'>'-\~,  wr-re  highly  civilized,  and  niaL'iiilicent  n*- 
mains  of  llu'ir  tcmi)les.  causi-wuys.  \-c.,  still  exist. 

It.  Tlie  hitlfni,  formed  of  two  l()ng  skin  bags,  blown  nj) 
like  bladders,  and  co\ered  with  a  light  plattbrm.  is  useil  bv 
the  I'enivians  to  load  .and  unload  vessels  ihrruigh  the  break- 
ers, which  <'onslantIy  dasii  upon  their  sia)res,  ami  prevent 
the  ai)proach  of  any  ()rdinai">'  boat. 


iiriditvn  of  Uy»WltHK 


A  Vtruvinn  IUHm 


\.  In  the  plain  ahuii,'  the  eua>t  the  lu'al  is  e<Mi>!ant.  but 
iirt  rain  <'Vi'r  tiills.  and  thunder  and  liglilnim:  are  unknown. 

5.  The  most  noted  proilncticuis  are  gold,  silver,  (piick>il- 
ver.  and  I'eruvian  bark. 

(1.  The  p(t]udati(ni  is  settled  (  hieflv  on  the  table-lands,  and 
much  the  largest  jiart  are  Indians,  the  whites  bein::  scarce- 
ly an  eighth  part,  anil  the  negroi's  less  than  a  tenlh. 

T.iM \  (tenia),  the  c;ipilal.  is,  ne.xt  to  Mexico,  the  ino.st 
-plendiil  city  in  Spanisli  Americm.  Ca/Zao,  ils  port,  7  miles 
distant,  has  a  gooil  harlxu',  and  is  NtmnL'ly  tiuiilied. 

Ciiz'rn.  auctentlv  the  capital  of  ihe  liic;is,  or  native  I'e- 
ruvian princes,  and  noted  tin*  its  splendid  etlilices,  particu- 
larly the  Temple  id"  the  Sun:  lluan'  ii  Vrfira,  noted  for 
its  rich  quicksilver  nniM's;  Cufiiuan'fra^  and  Arvffui'pa,  are 
amtmg  the  cttlier  chief  towns. 

Qti,!i/iniis.~\.  For  wh:)t  is  Peru  anted  ^  ?.  i-Iinrnrtcr  nf  ibe 
la-i-inrd  iiihahiliuUs  !  A.  What  is  the  Imisa  '  4  climate  of  the 
roast  ■*  .'..  prodtHtions  ?  U.  Whi-re  Is  tlie  pi.puliitinn.  and  of 
what  composed  f     When*,  and  liir  what  noted,  Lima  .'  Ac. 

BOLIVIA. 

S(|iinri'  niilf".  I'lH.Otlit.—lSii.iiliitiini,  1,.'0H,0  >0.— Pop.  to  pq.  in.,  :l. 

1.   Hiiliv'iii.  iiiiini'd  so  in  hnimr  ot"  (umkmmI 
I5uli'v;ir.  is  iioled  liir  ilio  silver  mine  of  I'otosi'. 


'J.  It  Wii."*  iincc  jL  jiiirt  of  IN-tu.  iiihI  tit'tcrwui'd  nl'  Itiiriiiia 
.\yrT.<,  lull  since  111-,'.')  lui.s  li i  nrj  ili(lc'|ii'iiil<'lil  rcimlilic. 

3.  Tilt!  jHipuliitidii  iti  coiicrntnUt-il  on  the  tiiblc-liuRl, 

Cni'iii'isA(:.\  (<ilm-kr-sii'-ku).  or  L*  l'i..\rA,  is  ilio  ciiiiiliil. 
f.a  i*itt  irt  till"  liiriri'st  town.     Pnloul'  is  IJiiimiis  (iir  it.s  silvrr 

liiini',  wliicll  yic'jilnl   in  :ill(l  y 's  imri'  lli^ni  n  tliiMisiinil 

million  ilolhirs.     i'ufhtthum'bd  is  in  it  vrry  irrtilu  ilistrict, 
lliL'  giinleii  lit'  liolivia. 

Questions. — 1.  Fnrwliiit  is  Dolivin  iintoil  ?  2.  Of  wlint  coun- 
tries W11.S  Holiviii  once  u  imit  .'  pivsuul  poiiticul  conilitiun  ;  'J. 
VVIiure  IH  tliu  popuhttiou?     For  whiit  iiiiled  is*  C'inuiui.suca  f  Ac. 

CHILI. 

Pqunrr  mllcp,  n^WO.— Pojinliitiun.  l.--»l)0,non.— Pop.  to  fq.  ni.,  7, 

1,  Chili  (clie'le)  is  more  tliickly  settled  titan 
any  other  (Minntry  in  S.  America. 

2.  In  CiH|uiinbo,  the  noithern  province,  it  never  niins. 
.\s  von  go  south  the  climate  beciunes  moist,  aiul  the  soil 
fertile,  yiehling  ubundanllv  ihe  vine,  the  <dive.  and  Knglisli 
grains.  es|iecially  wheat  of  an  excellent  ipialitv. 

.'f.  The  province  of  Cutpiiiiibo  is  rich  iu  mines  of  silver, 
gold,  and  copp<'r. 

■1.  The  .\raucaiiians  in  the  south  are  independent  warlike 
Indians,  whom  tin'  Spaniards  can  not  conquer. 

■1.  .luan  I'ernaiide/,  island  is  tinnous  as  the  residence  of 
Alexander  Selkirk,  a  Scotch  sailor,  whose  adventures  were 
the  basis  of  the  p{)]»iiiar  novel  of  Hobinson  Cnisoe. 

S.wriA'rio,  the  capital,  is  in  a  beautiful  country,  f)0  miles 
from   Viilpnrai'.\o,  the  most  noted  j)ort  in  Chili. 

Caquittiho,  the  chief  port  of  the  mining  ccpuntry,  is  noted 
for  its  cop|M'r.  esteemed  the  best  in  the  witrld.  Uuusco,  for 
its  rich  silver  mine,  and  Valtiivin,  ftu-  its  line  haibor. 

QucsHimn. — 1.  Fiir  whnt  is  Chili  noted  ?  "J.  climnte  ?  soil  ?  vcs-'- 
etable  products  ?  '.\.  mineiids  ?  4.  Who  nre  the  Ariiucaniuns  \ 
.").  For  what  noted,  .luan  I'crnandcz  ishmd  .'  tfantiuL'o  I  \c. 

BUENOS  AYRES. 

pqunrc  miles,  '.HM),i)nU.— Pojndation.  I.HOIMHHI.— I'op.  to  i:f|.  ni.,  S. 

1.  This  coimtry  is  noted  lor  the  vast  herds  of 
liorses  and  cattle  raised  ow  its  immense  jdains. 

;».  The  soil  is  tertile,  but  little  cultivated,  ihe  inhaliitautd 
out  of  tiie  cities  and  villages  being  chietlv  lierd>nu'U. 

;j.  Thi'ie  are  s'une  ii<h  mines  of  gold  and  silver  in  the 
mountains;  nnd  s;dt  alxumds  in  the  eastern  ]>lains. 

4.  The  air  is  so  dry  and  pure,  at  some  seasons,  in  the 
S(tntliern  parts,  that  dead  animals  do  not  piitiety. 

.').  Hides  and  beef  are  largely  expmicd,  and  nudes  in 
L'reat  numbeis  are  dri\en  acioss  the  mountains  to  IVrn. 

(!.  This  country  has  had  since  its  iiide|M'ndeiice  various 
name.s,  viz..  Vnitrd  Provhifrs  of  S.  America,  United  Prov- 
inct's  of  La  Plata,  Ar'fjviitiiic  Rvimhlic. 

Bi'KNos  Ayuks  (bwu'-nos-ar'-e-rez).  on  the  La  Plata,  is 
the  capital,  largest  city,  and  coniineic'al  einporinni. 

Miiiitn'za  is  near  the  most  frefpieiiled  |>ass  across  the  An 
lies  ;  San  Juan,  uviw  anotlii'r  pass;  Cur'i/ora.  an  active  trad- 
ing town;  and  Sa/ta,  famous  tiu'  its  nmle  market, 

Qiiration'i. — 1.  Fer  whnt  is  Buetifts  Ayres  noted  ?  ':!.  poil  ?  oc- 
cnpatioiKif  (he  people  ^  II.  minerals  ?  4.  climate  ?  5.  exports  ?  U. 
names  of  the  country  ?     Where.  iVc,  Buenos  Ayres  .' 

PARAGUAY. 

Sipmre  mile?.  Ml.OiHl.— Pupiilatiun,  •J.'.C.DOi).— Pop.  to  pq.  m..  X 

I.  I'aragnay  was  tiu'nierly  connected  with  Buenos  .Ayres, 
an<l  foniu'd  one  of  tlie  I'liited  Frovinces  (d"  S.  America,  but 
since  l;il:l  it  has  been  independent. 

'2.  After  its  in<le)iendence  it  was  governed  many  years 
bv  a  Dictator  (Or.  Fnmcia,  a  .lesuit).  who  introduced  order, 
industry,  ami  the  arts.  ;uul  exclialed  all  ((u-eigners. 

;b  The  most  noti'd  proibiction  is  the  small  plant  calh'd 
)niit'ti\  extensi\elv  used  in  S.  America  as  a  substitute  fir 
|e;i,  and  .sometimes  called  Vnro<:uii>i  f,a.  Tobacco,  sugar, 
iVe..  are  also  among  the  pnuluclimis  ot'tlie  fertilt>  soil. 

AssiMPTiON,  on  the  I'aragnay.  is  the  capital. 

Qur'ifious. — 1.  Former  political  coinlition  of  FarnLmny?  pres- 
ent political  condition/  'J.  uoven.mciit.  after  its  independence? 
:t.  pniductions  .'  soil !     Where.  \.v.,  Assumption  / 

URUGUAY. 

.«qu'.irr  miles,  7.*,0l»iV— l'i.|m!ntiuu.  DtMHX).— Pop.  to  pq.  ni..  1. 
1.   FrUL'uav  \nus  aUo  tiu'iniuly  connecteil  wiih    Buenos 
\vres  as  (uu'  of  the  Cnilei!  Provinces,  but  Brazil  claimi'd 
it,  anil  in  l!!0!>.  after  a  bloinly  struggle,  it  was  enrted,  with 
consent  of  all  parties,  into  an  iialependent  stale. 

MovTPviPKo,  the  capital,  on  the  La  I'lata.  lias  the  best 
harbor  on  tlu-  river.  an<l  considenibh'  connnerce. 

(^ '!,■<' i  e/s  — 1,  Former  pi tl it  ical  condition  ofrni!.Miny  *  WImt 
eiuscd  ils  inilepcudencc  ?     Where,  \c.,  Nhuilevideo  ,' 


11 


QUESTIONS  AND  EXERCISES  ON  THE  MAP.  Wl„i/  ii  ll^r  ,;i/iii,ili<(  KirAmA  '   l'iirtil;;nl  ?  Spiiiii  ?   rnilici:  (  |  ^^'''■"  '""  I'i^'''™  *'•""  'I"'  l«iiMi.hiiy  mi  111.'  .-iil.'  nf  Tinlii'j  ? 

Wlmt    Uflui'iMi  ?   ll.illiuiil'   Driililiiik  !    Itiissiii  ?   Tiirkry  ?   Au«lriii  '     j  Wliiil  lliri'r  Hv.Ts  ilniiri  tllf  siimIIi.tm  liiill  ol  Kilrcpriiii  lli.ssiil  f 


ii„i,.s(,',- '  ll  ".   ir,„,,lM    '  Pu'Vll,. ',!..'  Kl.n,  '  'l\r-u"V  Loi'v  '   ul-  In.h.n.l  .'     Wh.t  f.v„  c: «  „t  tl„.  NAV.  .■NtrnuKv  ..ISpui,.  f    pluli.s  ul  ll,..  Un„  ,u..l  \  .,1,,.. 

tli'i.,,'  '   l{liiii,'  '  Kill.'  .'  O.l.T  !  \i«lMi;l  !  D.I. Ml  ?  Uwi.iiU     H'Jmt         n'lifil  /■:,-.','  n'lt:^  aiv  nnir  III,.  iMrilllul  ul  III)-  X.  Int.  /    tlio  I  ^ 

i« //»■  L'c/i.m/ <•.<»/•<,•  cifllii- \'iiL'iiM)iiii  '  Ac.  iMinillul  of  .W  -  ?  llh:  iiiirullfl  111  111    \                                                 I                                                                                        .,..,, 

Wll:,i  l.'Jjn.:  of  Kurnnr  /...r.l.r  un  iW  ,\U-.lil,Ti-nni.nii!  ,11. !  * ■     SWKDKN  .\M)  NOIUV.\Y,.-\VI,iit  .,m.ii,l.,in«  .livi.  <■  lli« 

tlio  Bhic'k  MMi!  im  lli.^  Hiilli.-.'  .111  111.-  .N..11I.  ».M  ..I- U.Ti.iuii       I1USSI.\  IN  KT  IKU'K.-Wliiil  ,i,v;ui  riii  ih.'  N.  '     Wlmt    I  wn  ,  .i.ii.ln.'s  '     Wliiil  nvrr,  cull,  uii 11  ./-.,*  In.iii  lli.ssiii 

, „„?  ,11,  il„.  |.;;,...risli  .liiiiiiirl  !  iiiilh.'  liMv.ifHisciv?  iiLiiiiiliiiiis  MM.i  nv.T  .liv„l,.  fi.iiii  .\siiM.ii  llh'  K .  '     \V  I  liil  1  liiv   UII  ll.,'  K.'     Wlial  wiil.'rs.  Irui.i  l),.iiiimrk  uii  Hi,'  ^  !     \Miut 

H7,«/f■..v;|'nrv'/«.^•..»/'.  <"/■"■'/'•■(■ /.."■.'•/■u.il'uil'i-.il.'.-^|."ili?  -^i  "s  uii  lliu  ,'<.  ?      Wliiil  lU'i.iiil.Mii.*  Ii.uvi'.'n  111,'  |-;is|,i:ili  iiii.l    ,ii','iiii  nil  ll.i' W.  ?     Wli.il  llu'.',' Iiir-,'  liik.'S  in  III,' M.illh  ul  >w,^ 

1.-I'aiice'  IJ iiirk  !  Nurwn:  '  Swi'.l.a  ?   lliiKW  Tiii'k.'v  '  lil;.,k  s.'.is  '     Wlmt  llu.,' ,■ t.l.'M.i,  lli.' .-'^AV.  (     Wliul  Bin.   .I.'ii  ?     lulu  wliul  wiiI.t  il.n's  Ink.' \V,'i,'ii,'r,'iii|.|y  .'     hiM  "lint. 

W»(/r.v,«^/,'.-<./7...<-.v«'/.,'"//"//'/"/''/'"7/'/f„l"«  tli.'i'innilli'l  u-iiir.  iiii.l  livi-r  .livi.l,.  Ir..|ii  Sw,-.l,.|i  ,11,  tli.'  \V.  !                                Ink,-  W.l'l.i-?     Wl.iit  cily  uli  l.i.'  sliii.l  Inlwi'i'ii  Ink,-  Mm  Inr 

nf4.V.N'  hit  '  i.l'iivc  .V,    '  h.'Uv 'll.,.i,i,nill..U,.ll.v  ini.l  .v,    !       Wlml  uT.'iil  m':iui'Iiii\  s.ls.ii.li ill,' An'lii' ui'pnii  ?    Whnl  ;  ui.,1  ll..-  liiillic?     Wliidiisll l.nl  iiv  ,'i' i.l  ,'~w,',ti'ii  f     \\  l.,'ni 

III  wliiit  zuii.'  is  111,'  L'l I, 'I-  ii.irlul  K.irup,'  !     I.s  iiiiv   purl  111  Iwu-.i:!'*  s,'l  iiplrulii  ll.,'  Il.illii''    \\  li.it  liiri;,' |M'iiiii.-.ilii  i.>'lw,','ii    ,1.,  i.il  li.,-  I.iru.'  iiv.i.s  iiuill,  ,.l  U.u  Dul.l  (.lalj  !!»,;  „li,l  ,  mi  ty  ' 

tlu'  l.ii'i'i.l  ziMi,' (      Ih  iliiv  pint  ill  tla'  luji'lliuni  tViu'iil  ZUIIL'  f     In    tli,,  Ulii.k  s.'ii  1  sea  ut  Azi.l  .'     Wliiil  t'v.i  liiri.'.' liik.'H  ,';i',l  i.l    In  wl.nl  z..iii'S  is  .'Jw,',l,'li  f  ,       .,  ,       , 

wlmt  p.irtufKimip,'  is  11.1,11111.1  f  tli,.  unltut  Piiikiii.l  ?     liil,,  wiml  ,lu,'s  Ink,' .-ii  ,iii|.ly  '     Int..        \VI.;.I  is  111,'   In,','  ul  ll..-  rniliitry.  rliuiiiU-,  nnil  soil  7     Ai,». 

H'<,',/.„.;«',7,w,/7;,i/-.v;,','.r.',:.r/rn,mtllfM.'.lil.'miiirniitutliP  wliiit.  Ink.' Lukiu'u  ?      U7,rt/ /,„y,,  , ■„■,■.•,'«,//',.■. /n'.Hli,' I'lispiiin    Nu.lli  „l  the  uiinillul  of  lid'  tliu  .iiuntry  i»  iii'm-rMlly  rnuuh, 

tliiutic  '  l.'uiii  111,''  Itlii.'k  .s,'ii  tu  111.'  Ili.lli,'  (  IVuiu  111,'  Itlui'k  s,'ii   si'ii !  lliu  sen  ul' Azof !  Itliiek  s.'ii  >  L'lill'iif  Himi  (  Wliitii  suii !  ;  niuuiilii i«,  Inin iiid  viTy  culil ;  lint  s,iulli  ul  lliiil  piiriilli-1 


Atlii 

lij  tli.j  •ju!l'..|'VLnii.u  !  111. 1.1  llic  C.is[ii.i!iitii  ll.  till 
II 


lac  uiciiii  .'    \\'l.;a  ri\ui'  I'l-ii'S  in  An..lity  an  I  nu.ia 


I'l 


l.ii.J  iulii  I'ri'.asia  '  ;it  is  u'i'iicimIIv  li-. il.  aiiil  rL'suiiilili.'a  Si  i.lluuJ  in  I'liiuaii;  ai'J  suil. 


iii 


X 


'^'h 


U-r" 


W  .  v'.  ^ 


PE 


I 
1 


,si(I..  .,!■  TiiiKi'.v  ? 
Kiin>)'i'iiii  Itiissiii  f 
lii:<tniM  nl'  l'ol:ui<)7 

niitssiKM-.'s^    or 

Vlitit  is  thi'cnp'tdl 

lit  Uiissi:i.  iiiiil  ON 

Insinw  '.    O.lissu  ' 

It  iH  iiti  iriniiPiiKo 
ii'iiil  wiitcrj*  nt'  tin; 
'asjiiiiii  iiij<l  Hliick 
li:<t  is  the  c'liiiiilli.'  f 

'  rulil  mill  itiirnii 
icuii,  lo  tiiu  iurtilc 


)iHitfiin3  tViviilc  rlio 
linile  tVoiii  ]|n»iHiii 
.11  Itic  S.  /  What 
II  tlii>  suiilIinl'Swi:- 
ni|'ly  .'  IiitiiwIiiU. 
IwiM'ii  liiki'  Ma'liir 
Swr.ii'i.  f  WliiTii 
1/  imc  iiiiii  I  iii[.ty  ? 

c,  nnil  snil  ?  Ann, 
s  ui'iii'riiily  rouu'li. 
jth  til'  ltittt'|ittnilli'l 
ill  ciiuiUiO  ;u'J  suil. 


EUROPE,    RUSSIA    IN    EUROPE,    SWEDEN    AND    NORWAY,    AND    DENMARK. 


15 


EUROPE. 

Bqunro  miles,  3,067,140— Population,  23|i,473,'.l57.— Pop.  to  sq.  m.,  05. 

1.  Europe  is  the  smallest,  but  most  enlight- 
ened and  powerful  grand  division  ol'  the  earth. 

2.  I,iirf;o  pm-tioiis  dI'  Asiii,  AlVica,  America,  aud  Aus- 
traliisiii  lire  iuUmI  by  Ijiriiiii-iiii  piiwcrs. 

I!.  Clirisliuiiity  every  where  proviiiirt  except  in  Turkey. 
Tlie  Greek  Cliunli  is  e»tul>liBlie(l  in  Uiwsiii  ami  Greece  ; 
and  ill  tlm  re.st  of  F'.uriipe,  the  niirlliern  natiims  are  gener- 
ally I'rotestant,  and  the  soutliern.  (.'allielic. 

4.  'I'liB  nortliern  halt'  of  i;nni|)e,  except  parts  of  Sweden 
and  Norway,  i»  ini  innnense  plain;  the  southern  hall'  is 
generally  mounlainmia. 

'  ,'j.  The  five  mewl  poweiful  states  are  Russia,  Great  Brit- 
ain, Frjince,  Auslria.  and  I'nissia.  Tlie  three  most  en- 
ligliteneil  nations  are  tlie  British,  Kronch,  and  (iennans. 


rrinci)inl  coiintrif^. 


Kupniu     .  .        .  - 

Norwiiv  anil  Sv^-eili'n 
lliiMii«rk 

(irnit  nritfiin  nnd  Ireland 

I'ortiipil  .  -        .  - 

.'^piiin      .  .       .  . 

Fnnu-o    .  .       ■  . 

llfKnuin  .  .       .  . 

llolliind   .  .        .  . 

Priid»iii    .  .        .  • 
(iennnny 

Austria    .  .        ■  ■ 

.'>«il7.t.'r!!uul  ■ 

lUily         .  .        .  . 

Turkey   .  .       -  • 

Greece    .  .        .  - 
Qrtrsfitnin. — 1. 


Sf].  mill-*.     PopuLitioii. 


Pl,p.  1.. 


^'IJ 

•-',0ll,0ll(>|  5-l,0(K).IJ0lf  'l!7 

^.■'■1,(10(1     4,;)0»,IXX)  l.'i 

2i.r,i.-i'  s;.i,-.iMHK)  100 

iiii.Tim!  so.Hi;:).'.!.","  aio 

;t4..'illll'    .'I.IIKI.IKK)  !W 

nii.i'^i)  i-.'.ii()().(ii«i  o-j 

i^)-,M','.'>  :m.i)i«h|(io  Ills 

l'-V)li!li     I.'.'IIIMXIO  3:w 

11.170     '-'..IL^IHIO  I  S-J-J 

lo'i.ono  1  i,,-,ijii.iKK)  j  i;i7 

2.17,4:iP  ;1H.2(H,(XK)  l.M 

a.vi.ooo  I'l.ixxi.iHKi  i:i7 

IT.-.KB     1>,-'I»1,(I(X)  12* 

IIS.OOO  2I,Hm,l««)  I 

lf:i,ii()  lO.ofHi.iKW 

10,200 1      810.1100 

For  what  is  Europe  iioteil  ? 


of  BUjieriurily  ?  3.  reliu'ioii  ?  4.  fare  otthe  roulitr\-  ? 
are  the  most  powerful  states  ?    Which,  the  most  en 


(iree'lT 
ProtePtji,lt 
do. 
do. 
Catholic 
ilo. 
do. 
ilo. 
Prot<'etnnt. 

do. 
Trot,  anil  Catli. 
Catholic. 
I'rot.  and  Catli. 
Catholic. 
Moliaiiimedan. 
(ircck. 
What  evidence 
I 
I 


:,.  wiiic 

iu'htened 


RUSSIA  IN  EUROPE. 

1.  Russia,  comprising  large  parts  of  Europe 
and  Asia,  is  the  most  extensive  empire  on  the 
globe 


connecls  lake  I.. — a  with  the  (.'iilfof  K — d,  is  the  most  regu. 
larly-Iniilt  and  spleiidul  eapitid  iu  the  world. 

Mon'roii;  on  llio  Moskwn,  the  ancient  ca|)ital  of  Uiissin, 
and  still  the  chief  residence  of  her  nohles,  is  noted  lor  its 
eonllagnilion  lui  the  iipproai'h  of  Napole-on  in  UU'J;  for  llie 
greatest  hell  in  the  world,  now  liroken.  (17  li'et  round,  niid 
weighing  'JOO  tons;  for  the  Kremlin,  (.'hurch  of  St.  Uusil, 
and  other  splendid  edifices  of  curions  aiiliitectiire. 

Astrachau',  on  the  Volga,  near  the  ('as|iiaii;  Udns'ia,  on 
llie  Black  si'ii,  leited  for  ils  expoK  of  wheat ;  Ri'gd.  'Hi  thi3' 
Diina,  near  the  gulf  of  Kiga;  and  Areliiin'^i:l,m\  the  Dwina, 
near  the  While  sea,  are  tin^  principal  commercial  |>orts. 
Croii'stiiilf,  at  the  nioulli  of  tlii>  Neva,  is  the  great  naval 
arsenal  of  llie  cMiipire ;  and  Nici)Uijef,  on  the  Bog,  tlie  chief 
naval  station  for  the  s(Mitliern  seas. 

IIV<r'.5«ie.  on  the  Vistula,  is  the  capital  of  Poland  ;  and 
A'hn,  on  the  Baltic,  the  capital  of  Kinland.  Tu'la.  soiilli  of 
Mo.^cow,  for  hardware,  and  especially  fire-jirms ;  PoUa'ni, 
farlher  soutli.  for  the  great  liattli'  in  which  Charles  XII. 
of  Sweden  wrecked  all  his  fortunes;  Sov'ftoroil,  on  hike 
Ilir.en,  for  having  once  been  the  greatest  cily  in  Northern 
llurope;  yi:'ni-nnv'pornl,  at  the  coiilliiencu  of  the  tjka 
and  Volga,  for  a  great  annual  fair;  and  Perm,  as  the  depot 
of  a  great  mining  di.strict  in  the  Ural  moiinlains. 

Qiiexlionn. — 1 .  For  what  is  Russia  noted  ?  5.  For  what.  Euro 
pcaii  llussia  ?  3,  Where  is  the  iiopulation  ?  4.  Of  what  is  the 
population  compo8(j(l  .'  ."i.  relii-Mcai?  C.  L'overnmcnt  ?  7.  politicn] 
condition  of  the  people  7  8.  state  of  civilization  f  9.  atrrieultare  ? 
luontifaeturcs  ?  education?  10.  coniniercc  ?  11.  onny  ?  12.  Cos. 
sacks.'  13.  ancient  Poland?  14.  inoilera  Poland?  15.  Jews  i". 
Poland  !    Whore,  and  for  what  noted,  at.  Petersburg  I  A..'. 

SWEDEN  AND  NORWAY. 

1.  .Sweden  and  Xorwny,  now  one  kingdom, 
are  the  most  thinly  settled  of  the  European 
states. 


DENMARK 


'Scale  of  MUn 
— ^-'^-»* 


1,0  KiLst  i^l.mu.'rom  l5(ireenwicirt!r 


^Hii-Ufuilin. 

population   id'  botli  counlries  is 


t:i,'ufn  iij  '^l.  Htitttt. 

Q.  Kuropean  Hii.-sia  conlains  more  lliMii  half  of  the  ter 
riloi-y  of  I'.urope,  and  nearly  a  ipiarter  of  ils  population 

.■).  The  ma.ss  of  the  popiihilion  is  in  ll 
eni  provinces,  the  northeni  being  thinly  inliabiled. 

4.  The  jieople  are  id"  tnnny  ditVrrent  nalions.  and  8| 
liirtv  ditl'erent  languages,  but  Uussiiins,  properly  so  called, 
lUld"  Poles   both  of  .Selavonio  origin,  form  thi'  majorily. 

.1.  The  established  reliL'ion  is  that  of  llie  Greek  ('hnnh  ; 
but  the  Finns  are  chielly  l.inheians  ;  the  Poles,  Koniaii 
Catholics;  and  tin   people  of  the  Cnniea,  .^blllalllinedans. 

().  The  emperor  is  an  absoliile  despot.  His  title  is"  Em- 
peror of  all  the  Hiissias  anil  King  of  Poland.*' 

7.  The  mass  of  the  ) pie  are  serfs,  or  slaves,  to  the 

nobles,  boimlit  ami  sold  with  llie  land  lliey  cultivate. 

8.  The  lliissians  were  almost  barbariiins  until  Peter  the 
Great,  early  in  the  liLst  ceiUnry.laid  the  foundation  of  their 
present  I'ivilizalion  and  grealness. 

!l.  Agriculture,  ni.iiniiiieliires.  and  education 
n  backward  slate  compared  with  Piiiope  geiierallv. 

10.  The  imeroet  consisis  chielly  in  ihe  exciiange  of 

llax.  hemp.  iron,  timber,  grain,  tallow,  and  leadier,  for  tropi- 
cal produce  and  manufactnreil  gooil  . 

1 1 .  The  Russian  laiid-anny  is  the  largest  and  most  forini- 
dable  in  the  world 


The  population   of  bolli  counlries  is  chielly  in  the 
south,  the  norlhern  half  having  only  a  ten'Ii  pari. 

3.  iSnIlicient  corn  is  niised  in  Sweden  lor  home  con- 
sumption, but  not  in  Norway.  The  surplus  products  of 
both  countries  are  timber,  lisli.  copper,  and  iron. 

'1.  The  commerce  consists  chielly  iu  an  exebaiige  of  the 
surplus  lU'iRlncts  fo"  nmiiiifactnres  and  tropical  [irodiice. 

5.  The  govenimeut  is  a  limited  inonaichy.  The  Lu- 
theran is  the  established  religion. 

<!.  Common  sclnails  are  generally  established  in  both 
countries,  and  few  of  the  peasantry  are  unable  to  read. 

7.  The  Norwegians  an^  poor  but  hardy,  and  both  Nor- 
wegians and  Swedes  make  good  sailors  and  soldiers. 
I      li.   Norway,  once  independent,  was  annexed   in   i:!l)7  lo 
Demnark,  who  ceded  it  in  lilM  to  Sweden;  but  it  still 
■,,...1  .,,,,1  ^,,,,,1,     retains  ils  own  constiliilion,  diet,  arniv.  and  laws, 

tl[llIill<llltioUlllll~.  ,  .  i-'i  1  11  «1 

j      Jl.    liic  M:iclf>trnni  is  ji  ti-nihc  wliirlponl  causol  bv  tlir- 
ak     "     " 


DEXMARK.— Ofwliat  is  Denmark  roniposed?  Ana.  Of  a 
peniiisiilii  mill  the  istumis  df  Zcnliuni,  J-'uih'm,  Ac.  What  ic<itfir» 
I  ON  the  NAV.  ?  t)nth"N.I-:..'  S.K.  ?  oiilhoW./  Whatcomitiy 
I  onthoS.  ?  What  atniithetn-een  Swcdou  nmi  Zcnlniul?  Zcahinii 
I  nnd  Funen?  Fmioii  find  the  pi-runsiiln  ?  What  rivt-r  siipumtea 
'  HolstL'iu  and  Lauenbiirg  IVuin  the  rest  of  (junuuuy  / 

DENMARK. 

1.  Denmark  is  a  small  kingdom,  but  at  differ- 
ent times  has  ruled  Xorwiiy.  Sweden,  parts  of 
I  Poland  and  Germany,  and  even  England. 

I     'J.  I'lUil  the  I'.nglish  seized  her  navy  in  1807,  IJenmark 

i  nmked  high  as  a  mariliiue  power. 

i      ;).  Denmark  owns  (ireeiiland,  and  Iceland  in  the  North 

;  \llanlic  ;  St.  Croix,  St.  Thonins,  and  St.  .lohn  in  the  W 

[Indies;  and  seviM-al  forts  in  W.  .Africa  and  Hindooslaii. 

j      ■!.  The  KiiiLT  of  Denmark,  as  duke  of  Ilolstein  and  Lauen- 

I  burg,  is  a  ineniber  of  the  Germanic;  confederal  ion. 

I      .').  The  govermnent  is  an  ab.solule  monarchy,  lint  mild 

1  and  ])opiilar,  the  king  using  his  power  to  protect  the  peas- 

I  ants  from  the  oppression  of  the  nobles. 

(i.  'J'lie  religion  is  Ihe  Lnlheran.     There  are  two  iinivcr- 
(Silies;  and  eoinnion  schools  are  eveiy  where  eslablislied. 
j      7.  T'he  siirfac  is  Hal  ami  low,  and  llie  soil  sandy  and 
marshy,  but  on  Ihe  islands,  anil  in  Sleswick  and  Ilolstein, 
,  Well  eullivaled,  and  fertile  in  grain  and  pasturage. 

I      CorKSHA'oKV,  the  eapilnl,  on  the  island  of  Zealand,  i.s 


sllU  in 


tide  between  two  of  llie  I.ollialen  isles'.     Soioeiinies  ships  ,  one  of  the  best-built  cities  in  I'.urope.     /l/Vodd.onllie  Kibe, 
and  even  whales  are  drawn  in  and  dashed  to  pieei^s.  j  wilhin  gunshot  of  Hamburg,  isiirxt  loCo]ieiihageii  in  com 

10.  J.APi.A.sn  is  a  cold,  drearv  connti-y  belonging  to  Nor-  nieri-e  and  popiilalion.  .\|  K/.-iiinrc',  on  the  Sound,  all 
wav.  Sweden,  and  Hussia,  Ih'inlv  inliiibiled  bv"a  rude. '  vessels  entering' or  leaving  Ihe  Hiillie  pay  loll  to  Denmark. 
cKv'aiii.sh  ju'iiple.  Their  chief  w'eallh  is  in  llie'  reiaileer. !  Kh!  (keel),  on  the  Bailie,  is  at  the  end  of  a  canal,  through 
which  yields  lllem  food  and  clulliiii-,'.  and  Iraiisporls  llieiii  ^  which  sloops  pas 
in  sleiU'cs  over  Ihe  snow. 


i|^ 


{      IcKi.ANn,  a  rocky 
■  frii:id  zone,  eontaiie 

I'// 


(!i- 


from  till-  Baltic  to 

barren  island. 

s  .1//.  ir.r'l,,.  a  CI 


the  Norlli  sea. 
on  the  borders  of  the 
•lebrated  volcano,  and 
I  lliiuw  tip  lai'L'e  col- 


liin-tuiiti  lit  l.itj'titiiit. 

Stock'iioi.m,  a  handsome  cily.  on  several  islands  in  ihc 

sirail  between  lake  .Malar  and  ihe  I'allic.  is  the  capital  and  , 

chief  emporium  of  Sweden.      (Inl'linhin-g.  at  the  moiilli  of 

.   ,  ,  ,    Ihe  Giiilia,  is  the  second  cilv  ill  commerce  and  population; 

12.  ■\'\\v  Cossacks  of  the  Don  are  expert  horsemen,  and  ^  p,„./,^,.„/,,„  i,;  „„|,,,|  ,,,<  ii,,-.  ,.i,i,.|-  „iaii„„  of  the  Swedish 

navy  ;  Fuh'hm,  for  copper  mines  ;   Ihninnii'rii,  for  the  best 
iron  in  Ihe  world  ;   I'/i'snl  and  J.iiii'l.  for  universities. 

('iiuistia'.vu.  at  Ihe  head  of  a  long,  narrow  bay,  is  the 
chief  cily  of  Norway,  /icr'tva  has  consiuendile  commerce. 
Ih-iiti'lliam  Cdron-iime),  the  residence  id'  the  old  Nonve- 
gian  kinjrs,  and  /I'eivcs,  are  noted  fir  cop[ier  mines. 

More  than  half  oi'  the  Jews  in  Klirope  are  wilhin  the  :      (furxliii)is.—\.  For  what  are  Sweden  and  .Vorway  noted  ?     2. 
limits  of  micieut  Poland.  ]  Where  is  the  population?  :i.  products  >  4.coniinenv  !  .-i.  irovem. 

'  incut  1  reiiL'itai  !  a 
St.  Pr.'TKUsiiiuo.  Ihe  capital  and  largest  cily,  founded   ,,1  Ncrway  '  ii.  ol  ll 
bv  Peter  the  (treat,  on  a  low  iilain  upon  the  Neva,  which    Sim  Khelin  ' 
t 


famous  in  history  for  their  martial  exploits 

K).  I'm  ANii.  formeily  ihe  lar^'esl  kingdom  in  iMirope. 

and  inhabilecl  by  lo. mill. 1101)  souls,  has  b i  divided  since 

177.T  beiween  Russia.  Austria,  and  ''nissia.  Uvo  lliinls  of 
Ihe  population  and  territoiT  falling'  to  llussia. 

M.  The  present  kiugdoin  of  Poland  is  the  central  part 


ofohl  Poland,  and  . 


upi 


vlti  p.n't  ol  II.;  lenitory. 


■diiciilion  ?  7    cluinieler  ?     H. 
!■  Marlstionll   10,  l.ii|ilaed  ! 


MiHiiit  Jtiilit  mill  nil  fii'ji^iifi  III-  Hilt  .•<iiriii^s. 

uiniis  of  boiling  water,  to  the  height  of  101)  to  501)  feet. 
The  Icelanders  came  from  Norway  nearly  10(10  vears  ago, 
voluntary  exiles  from  oppression,  aud  are  noted  lor  love  of 
learning  and  bin  riy,  aud  lor  r,^id  morality  and  piety. 

Qiiriliim.i.—\.  Forwlmtis  Denmark  noted  ?  5.  rank  Bs  amar- 
W'liiii  h  siiiil ,  itiiiie  power  !  3.  foreicn  possessions  >     4.  How  connected  with 
Where,  ^c, '  (icniiany  ?  5.  L'overninenl  t  li.  reliuion  ?  education  >  7.  surface  t 
1  Where.'nnd  for  what  noted,  ropenhnu-en  '  ,\e.-   Iceland  I 


I  HI 


i 


4 


(V?r.rncllni1pO  ilHastfrnm  /llWilsIMnttrnn/tt 


QUESTIONS  AND  EXEROISES  ON  THE  MAP. 

ENGLAND  AM)  W  AI.KS,— ll'A,;/  hr„,„lni„Hll„:l  nrrr  />'!«,■<  Ini  r-.m,lim  in  the 
8.H;.!  Hiill.iiiiiiL'N.K./  LiviTpcHil,  inrlii'NAV.  I  niMu-Hn«hpl,iMtlii'S.U'.  /  Wlmt  Hvit 
risfSlii'iirttinri'iiti'rdfKliuliiriil,  luiilruiiriiiii;.N.I':..)i)in.stli('C)ii»i'  |()nzl  Id  tiinii  Ilii-  lliim- 
IxT  I  Wliiit  Kri'iiti'iHiiity  isilniini'il  hv  tin' wiili'  n'liri'iiil  lirnrjrlirii  iif  ihu  Oiisi'  /  117/.// 
M  Ihr^  Ci7»'n// .■.)«(■.«•  of  1  III!  'riiniMi-n  ?  I'lf  till'  SrviTli  1  iiniiii  MiTKry  } 

W'iint  collii/iri  (n-nil  iwni  the  liiilfi)  hnnlrr  on  Hi'iilhiliil  ?  nil  thi-'cawt  rnnHt  ?  nn  thrt 
English  rhiinni'l  f     ^^■hllt  »ix  I'liiinlii'n  in  Ni.rtli  Willi's  .'     Wliiil  six.  in  .Snilh  Wiilrs  .' 

WliiTi!  i«  Iliilyhnnd  f  St.  Diiviil'a  H.nil  i  thi-  1  Jiiwn.i  \  FhinilKiriiilL-li  lliiiil  '  tin'  Wiish  ? 

W'liiit  is  thi'  ini'o  iil'tlii nifi-y  '(     ,!;;«.  [,ii\v  niniuitnins  I'xtiMnl  lliriiiii.'lj  tin'  wrstini 

iniinties  ol'  Kni^liinil,  IViim  Ciirnwull  to  Ciiiiihriliinil.  iiml  ov(r»|iri-iiil  tin'  wlioli-  of  Wiili'i,, 
I'lio  ivst  (if  Kii'-'liuiil  is  ii'-rri'i'iilily  ilivi'rsitli'il  with  lii'inltiriil  liills,  viilos.  iinil  iiiiiins. 

In  whnt  pnrt  of  EnL'hihii  iiri'  tliu  rtmufifn  nf  Ititiliuiit  nnii  Si'illniniltirlmul.  liinion.H  fiir 
roiil  mini's  (  ('iiiiilifiliitiil  m\i\  HV,<^ro»,'i'/«/irf"  tin' romilry  of 'ii'iinlilnl  hilti'S  f  Cuniwull, 
niitL'il  tlir  tin  mini's  f     S/'iJimis/iiii',  fiimons  fur  piilli'rii's'f     l.inciilii^liin;  noti'il  Uir  fens  ? 

ENGLAND  AND  WALES. 

^|U11^I•  iniit's,  55,100.— iNipiiiiitioii,  iii,(nr),no().— i'up.  ti)  ocj.  III..  ;{(>:. 

1.  En*rl:iiul  is  the  hiri^est,  most  cnltiviitod,  most  jvipulons,  nnil 
I)V  far  the  wealthiest  |)nrt  of  the  United  Kinirdom. 


U  inasur  (<;.-((«, 

X*.  Till*  cliiiKitf.  rrmlrnMl  miiisl  .ind  U'ni|it'nile  hy  tliu  siirrniiiurnii.' >t';is,  spmids 
ii  rich,  suit  vrnliiro  over  the  liiiuisciilK'. 

It.  Tln'.'ictil,  csiH'ciiilly  in  llH'sniiilM-ni  iiml  niiilliiiiil  cniintii's,  is  ;:ciUMaIlv  fertile, 
1111(1  inily  al'iml,  nti  eii.'litli  part  U  iiicii|uil)ie  nreiilliviitinti. 

4.  Au'i'icnlliire  i.i  ciHHtiKleil  wilh  w  skill  unrivaled,  except,  jxtIihih,  in  TleU'ltini. 

5.  The  cliicrcnhivali'(]  pnnhicliiirts  arc  wlii-al,  hafh'V.  oat.H,  lieaiis.  and  |)ea.sr. 
f).   Miilc-*  ol'  inm,  ntpper.  tni,  h-ad,  itnd  coal  aro  wruiiylil  to  u  ^'realer  extent 

than  111  any  nthcr  counliy  in  i'.inopc. 

7,  IjiL-'iand  is  llic  jir.-*!  niaiuiiiiclnriiii;'  connti-y  in  ihewinld.  The  chief  articles 
ari!  cotton  ^'oods,  woolen  L'oods,  harilware,  earihen-ware,  silks,  and  leather. 

W.  Tlicse  six  arlicU-s  L'lve  einplovinent  to  ahont  *J,0(KI.(liM)  ))i'r.soiis,  who  niann- 
facture  them  1o  the  vahic  of  ahont  501). 1)00. Illill  dollars  aniinally. 

U.   I'liiiiland  has  incu'e  sliips  and  more  nien  in  i(nnnier<e  than  aiiv  otiier  land. 

10.  KiiL'hiMd  is  intersected  in  everj-  dii'cctioii  hy  canals  arul  railroads  of  ihtj 
most  costly  and  perlert  constrnction. 

11.  The  Chnrch  of  Knu'laiid  is  estahlislicd  hy  law;  l)nt  IMethudisIs,  Iiidej.eiid 
ents,  Haptists,  niul  other  dissenters  are  nnnierons. 

I'.'.   Tlio  kitii;  is  the  head  of  the  Chiinh;  and  nnder  him  arc  ^  archhisliops, 

I'i  hisliops,  ()))  arclnh-acons,  and  more  than  10.0(10  deans,  vicars,  rectors,  \c. 

'■\.  The  education  of  thi'  lower  classes  was  tormerly  Lrre.allv  iieL'Iected,  lait  in 

fjOl  'Ik'  I't'*^  50  years  mncli  has  been  dom*  tor  their  lienidit  hy  Sand  ay  and  other  srhnols, 

14.  The  nniversities  of  ((.vfnrd  and  Canihrid^'e  are  the  hest  emloweil    in  tln> 

world  ;  .lad  in  no  connti'v  ;n"e  the  children  of  the  hifzlier  classes  lietter  edai  ;iled. 

l.'i.   AinoiiL'  the  line  hridL'es  are  tin-  A''  //■  f.ou.hm  hri. !•:,■.  \yl\\  feet  haiL'.  wilh  livo 


AVr.— Tlir  i.-!aa4  wnWh  t'tuhn.i'fs  Kiul.-iini.  W;i!>-.  ninl  Hi  otL.tiii  i-  <  ;i'.!'-.i  ( Irrr.t  ['.retain.  Scolliinil  U  ponirtimp?* 
Cfillerl  Nortli  lintaiti.  auii  Kii^iiUnlaiiitWa!.',-^  t.>j.  Ill- c  ar.'  .--(.uth  llntaja.  (.n  ,.t  linraai  aii.i  hvlianl  ((»■:' tluT  run.-ti- [ 
tut--  '■till'  Laiifii  Hiau'iloai  m  (ircar  liiitaja  aa«i  In-lhail."  , 

lUUTI.^H  h<h  VXDH.— Wliifhisthohiri'e.sf.CrnfirBriminorlrclnad?  IIV"^' "'^r/^/v/v/.s/zcnlie  enfitrrn  ■ 
roast  of  (j.  IJritain  ?  tliu  southrni  ^■o;^^t  '  tlie  western  cnii'^Isof  In'iaial  aa<l  Scut  land  \  WUal  diitnnd  or  \ 
.s/i'fif  separates  Wales  iVinu  Irehnul  .'    Irehoid  tmai  S.-nthind  ?    l''.HL'laait  lioni  l-'ranre?  j 

What  •.■map  uf  islands  separate.l  tnaa  .^cotlaml  hv  Penilan.l  frith  I  What  L'rnu|..  X.E.  (jf  the  Ork- 
nnvs?  WhatL'ioip.  ntf  th.-  wvst  ciia^t  nl  .-^  (.iImihI  ?  'Wliirli  twi.in-e  the  laru.jst  of  the  Helni.l.'s  '  What 
isiaa.l  neailv  eipii  dislaiil  tniin  i:iiL'lintii.  .Seotlaiiil.  Irehnid.  ami  Wales  /  What  islinid  at  llie  X.W.  e\ 
treniitv  of  Wall -^  .'  What  .liahnel  hetweeii  the  sctatli  r.past  of  Wales  ami  tin-  S.W.  part  ut  Iji-lan-l  f 
What  is  thr  S.W.  polal  of  Ka;l:ni.l  ejiMerl  .'  What  i.-Iauds  ull'the  hand's  Kiid  ?  What  tVirh  h.  I  ween 
KiiL:laaa  aadri-dtland  ?      ll'.'i.it /.-■  ff.>  /.■;/////,/.■  ..f  ih,.  L;,.,d  s  Ka.l  :  of  S.>Kvay  Irilli  !  uf.-?h.!l  md  islands? 

BRITISH  ISLANDS.  j 

Hiiiliirc  milt'fl,  tlii.TDO, — Population.  ','ti,Mi;i.;f.'i7. — I'op.  to  pi|.  in.,  '-:iO.  i 

1.  Tlieltritisli  empire,  which  liiis  its  hoiul  tind  heiii'l  in  tiio  Fii'ili.'^li  islnmls, 
is  tiie  must  puworl'iil  empire  on  the  irlnlie. 

•2.  ll  eiiilii'iiri'i  I'oNiuii'S  anil  iiiiiMni',~ls  ill  Ijiriipc.  Aini'i'ii'.'i.  Al'ricii.  Asi;i.  iiinl  Aiislrnlii-iii.  i  Am  i.,:ii,i„i,it,„fv,  .,      . 

■J.  It  .-x-r.-ls  nil  olhi'i-  iMiinin-s  in  ciuii 'cc  1  iiniiiulm'liin's ;  anil   ils  iiiivy,  a  ll'w  yoiirs '  ■"■'"'"■  'I'liii  I.!0  to  I.,'-'  loot  span;  ami   11  r./,  Won /.n./n-r-.  of  {.'niiiilr.  witli  niii 

sini'o.  was  iiiori'  iwiworfiil  lliaii  ll ninliimii  mivie,'*  nf  ilio  civili/oil  wuilil.  "  "  i  •"'"■'"■"■  •■"'■''  '-I*  ''''■'  ^P''"'  '""I'  n-ciMitly  oroctoil  iivcr  llio  I  liainos  at  I.on'lnn. 

•I.  Tlio  oiivoriinioiil  is  n  liiiiitoil  hon-ilitary  imiiiai'i'liy,  the  siiprciiie  piiwcr  bolng  vestoil  in  a; 
KiiiL'.  or  *iili'i'li. -tiiil  I'nriiaiiiont.  I 

."i.  Tho  l*arliain"lit  I'liiislsis  of  two  liimsps.  viz..  a  tfoit.tr  of  I.criln,  rotliposed  nf  liislinps.  ninl  I 

lo't'i'ililarv  I 'i  "f  livr  iliiVoroiit   rrink-i  (iliikos.  iiniripii^t'S.  oaris.  visciniiits,  anil  liarons)  ;  anil  i 

^^^<'in|,,,^^_^  ^.-HflfllTH^n.-.^^  '•   //ol^,r   of  Cinnni'ftiSy   coiiiposoii    iil" 

"^'li'"*!-"?^^'  F"^^- '■    ■''■^^'ITfcBlir— Q-f        """''  tliiiii  'iilll  i-i'pi'oseiiUitivos olcctnl 

.y;,^;;-,'A  1  iV  '"'■"*  '^"32.4  i  iiSt'  >'■  Till,  iialiotinl  .1,'l.t  is  aliimt 
•'^eSii-'iALi,^  -'  "'  ^rC  -  I  jk.^  $l.ni)0.0(in,OI)0;  anil  tlio  anniial  iii- 
' " "    ■      '"-  (iTo.'itnliinitifiriO.i 


'\:. 


I ;  X  ( i  L  A  N  1)    A  N  I)    WALE  ti. 


47 


*ft« 


M 


>s,  in  Il<'lL,'iiiin. 
IS.  iiiul  |irii><'. 


M.J 


Por/u'nicntth,  oil  tlin  Hnullioni  cniiMt,  with  the  \wnt  Imrbor 
ill  (irfftit  Hrilain,  hikI  iirar  tlio  tiiiiioiis  n  lulNti'tul  ol'  Spit- 
iiriiil,  in  till?  ^rvHl  urKriial  iiiid  rriiil<-/viirirt  4)t  tliu  navy.  ')'hi.> 
Ihcr  iiuviil  Hlatiiins  nY\)  l'liim'oiitli,\n  l)i-\Hii,siiiiT,  imtt'il  for 
ill  lirriiliwiilcr,  uhiiiicii"!  nicii-i'  llinii  .*.j-llili)  000;  uml  Vital'- 
'mm,  iioar  llio  iiiniiili  of  tin;  'rhaiiirs. 

Dii'ier,  ill  Ki'iil,  is  llu>  ululiiiii  ol'  |Biiki.'t«  for  Kninrc  j 
llnl'!)hrail,  iipur  Iho  N.W.  |i(iiiit  of  WmIcs,  liir  Diililin ;  jl/i7- 
I'ord  Uunni,  at  llio  S.W  cml  of  Wali-s,  for  Wulorliinl,  in 
Irflaiid  ;  iiiiil  Ful' iiifnith,  in  ('ornwiill,  is  a  8io]>i)ing-placo  of 
stcainurti  for  ISjmiii  iiiid  tiio  West  Jutlietf. 


Tiljijlru       I  I'i'invli  li  |[  ol    Enst  Iroiii      lU;rppiiwlih 


T.oN'iir>\'.  on  llii'  Tliiiini-s.  (ill  nuirs  Ironi  it^  nioulli.  is  ihe 
ciipitiil  of  tlio  Uriti.sh  cinpirc,  tlic  i/n'Mli's!  cily  in  f.nroiic. 
mill  in  roinini'rri-,  wcaltli.  iirls,  litciiitnii'.  iiiiil  rliaritablo 
iiislilnlions  ilic  first  oilv  in  tin/  woilil.  It  iMiiliriiii's,  lic- 
nidi's  Ilic  lily  |iro|M'r.  ulii'rc  iiro  llir  rliiof  sliops  mnl  waro 
lionsfs,  n>j('m/ii»/(i-,  coiitainiii!^  the  royal  [lalaccs,  honses ] 


to  Si.  I'oter's  at  Hoint'.  tin/  tiin'st  strnctnri/  in  Clirislt'inloin; 
Wcslminntcr  Abbi'y,  a  ^raiul  Gutliic  edilice,  tlio  saiu-tuary 


hIkI 


iiot'tr  Coftttc, 

Miin'-rki'.i/rr.  H7  mill's  K.  of  I,ivorpool,  is  tin;  prcat  ci-ii- 
r  of  tho  I'ollnn  inannfarliiro  ;  I.inh,  on  llio  Air.  of  tliii 
Vork^llirl;  woolen  iiiannlin  Hires;  anil  Itlr'-mhiglinm,  half 
way  liotwi'on  l.onilon  anil  Liverpool,  of  llio  iiiainifai'tnre  of 
liarilware,  iiiiliiiliiii;  liic-arins,  nU'iiiii-eii'.'inos.  locks,  sirows, 
liiiltons.  aiiii  sni'li  a  varii-ty  of  small  iiriiili's  tliat  it  lias  lieeii 
slyleil  "llie  toy-shop  of  I  ;urojie."  ,S7;(;/'7ii/<'.  in  llio  soiillierli 
part  of  Yorksiiire,  i.s  notoil  for  ciitli-ry  ami  [ilaleil  floods; 
Cuo'-iiilii),  near  the  ceiiler  of  .South  Hrilain,  liir  waulii-s 
•  iiid  rililioii.s  ;  Nol'linehum  and  l.ciccsli  r  (les'tor),  for  slmk- 
iii^'.s;  lf(i/rr»/('r  (woos'lor).  fiir  poivi'lain  ;  Mrr'llnir  Tijii- 
I'lV,  the  lai-fiest  town  in  Wall's,  liir  iron-works;  Swnu'srii, 
die  second  town  in  Wales,  for  copper-works,  and  also  lor 
coal  and  sea-halliiinr. 

The  chief  waleriiif.'-pliices  are  /(((///,  on  the  Av'on.  I'J 
miles  aliovo  lirislol.  and  Cliil'Uiiknm,  near  (iloncesler 
two  of  tile  most  heantifnl  towns  in  I',lll.'lalid  ;  Srirr'fior- 
oin^h,  on  tlie  coast  of  Yorkshire;  /Jri>/(7»«.  on  the  I'.iif;- 
lisli  channel,  :«inlli  of  Lonilon  ;  Hums' mil,-  and  Miir'gnte, 
im  tin;  coast  near  llio  monlli  of  Ihe  Thames;  Tiiii'lirhlfie 
Wells  and  Ki'som,  a  littlo  south  of  Loiidoi.;  and  llur'-row- 
S'ifi\  in  Yorkshire. 

Cini'lcrhuni,  in  Kent,  is  tlic  pcclesiastic.il  metropolis  of 
Kiiylanil,  liein;;  the  residence  of  an  arililusliii|i,  who  ranks 
next  in  iliL'tiiiy  to  the  royal  family.  y<irh\  also  the  resi- 
dence of  an  archliishop,  lind  noted  for  ils  spleinUd  cathe- 
dral, is  the  second  cil\-  of  the  kiliu'doin  in  rank.  Kl.  Da- 
ii,r.H  is  Ihe  ecclesiastical  capital  of  S.  W  ales,  Siillx/,iirii 
(salz'dier-re),  in  Wiltshire,  is  iioled  for  ils  elcfianl  (lothie 
caihedral,  the  spire  of  which  is  .1111  feet  hii:li ;  and  (Ihix- 
loiiliiiri/,  ill  Somersetshire,  for  the  rnius  of  u  inona.slery 
which  covered  sixlv  acres. 

Uj-'J'oril.im  llio  Thames,  and  rnmV/ri'./t'c,  ."iH  iiiiles  N.of 
London,  are  tlie  seals  of  the  principal  nniversiiies.  liii- 
versities  have  also  been  recently  established  in  I.oihIiih  and 
Vurhiim. 

Wind'snr.  on  the  Tliames.  is  noted  for  its  inajrnificeiit 
caslle.  one  of  ihe  royal  residences,  ir./r'iric/,- (wor'-ik).  in 
Warwick.shire,  -Mni  tilirties'hiirii.  in  Sliro|ishiie,  are  also 
noted  for  ensiles;  and  Ti'irks'liurtj.  in  (ilonceslersliire, 
llitsl'itiei.  in  Snsse.\,  Floil'Jcit,  in  Norlhiimberland,  i.tc., 
for  iireat  batlli'S. 

A'lir'ifirli  (nor'-rij)  is  die  finest  city  in  the  east  of  Kiipr- 
'land;  Sfic'miirhel,  in  Ciiiiibridp'shire.  is  noted  for  liorse- 
!  races;  r«r'm(Oi//i.  for  the  herrini.'  lislnn-y  ;  AVic'c«.('/c.  ou 
the  Tyiie.  for  a  more  exlensive  roal  trade  than  any  oilier 
Jiort  ill  llle  world  ;  and  (Irrriiirh-h  (i/re'-nij  ^.  on  ihe  east 
side  of  London,  for  its  superli  liospilal  liir  disabled  and 
snpcraiinnali'd  .sailors,  and  lor  ils  observatory,  from  which 
loii'-itude  is  reckoned 


of  the  ilhlstrions  dead  ;  the   Tuinit'l   titidrr  the   Tlinmea  (a 
carriaL'e-way ) :  .'iiid  live  splendid  liridL'es  over  thai  river. 

Tin'  olher  iirincipal  ports  are  l.ir'rrpofll,  on  ttie  >b'i'sey, 
near  iis  nionlli,  the  t:ie,il  dep.')t  of  Ihe  hade  wiih  America 
and  Ireland,  and  notetl  for  the  most  cosdy  docks  in  the, 
world  :  liiis'/'tl,  on  a  branch  of  the  Severn,  imled  for  ils 
hoi  \M'lls;  and  //;///,  on  ihe  llninber,  the  i^reat  port  of  ihe 
lialtic  luide  and  of  the  Hritieh  whale-li.-hery. 


>:virh  Ih^'iutal. 


Qiir.iliiiH.i. — 1.  For  what  ia  Kni;laiul  noted  ?  -2.  cliinntc  ?  :t.  soil? 
4.  st.iie  of  nariruitiire  '  ."i.  ciiUivnte.l  priulartions  ?  (i.  viihiah!.^ 
ininenils  ?  7.  |iniii'ipiil  nianuliictares  /  f.  How  ninny  persons  ilo 
tlicv  eniplin  !  !>.  coninierre  ?  10,  csiiials  mid  niilnmils  f  ll.rcli- 
i-'ion?  1','.  nliiciTSollhi- Cliiircli.'  l:l.euilcillioii  ;  M.  Ulliverf  Itu-s  ' 
1.1.  Wliiil  is  siiiilof  tie-  .New  Loiulua  briilue  .'  Waterloo  hridue  / 
Hi.  M'juai  liriiliie?     Where,  niul  for  wlinl  noted.  London  I  *.c. 


if 


QUESTIONS  AND  EXERCISES  ON  THE  MAP. 
SCOTLANIX— \Vh:it   cir.nuim  tlir  N'.  iiri.l  W.  ?  si'U  nii  the 
K.?  rouMtrj-  (lii  till!  SH.  .'  isl:iii.l  on  tli.'  S.W..  sopnniti-.l  IVoiii 
it  by  the  Niiith  rlmunol  !     ^Vhlll  river  Inniis  part  uf  the  buunil 
ary'betweeii  !-^ii-'hiiiil  ami  Scutlnml  ?     Tii. 

W'lmt  frith,  iir  iiiimnv  iinii  uf  tlio  sen,  in  tlie  P.E.,  sottiiii.'  up 
far  iiihiiiil  >  Fli.  What  liiii'-',  muilioii  tritli  nn  the  west  eiiast, 
iliroetlv  opiiosile  tin-  frilli  of  Forth  ?  Ce.  Wiiiit  InrL-e  river  en 
lers  tll'e  frilli  of  Koilh  !  Fli.  Whnt  lari.'e  river,  ihi!  frilli  of 
riy.lo  '.  Ce.  JIow  are  the  rivers  Forth  ami  Civile  eonnei'te.l  ! 
Ail'.  Hy  a  eainil  ."even  feet  ileep,  which  opens  a  way  for  sloops 
across  the  ishunt  troni  sea  to  sia. 

What  larw  fntli  |ieiietnitiiiL'  far  inlanil  in  the  X.E.  of  Sent 
innil  ?  .\Iy.  What  Ion--  aim  of  tlie  sen  on  the  west  coast  runs 
Uf)  far  inlainl  in  a  .N'.K.  ilireition  tinvaril  Murray  fritli  ?  Lb. 
he.  What  canal  opens  a  w  ay  for  liiL-iites  across  the  islanil, 
Irum  Murray  frith  to  loch  Liiinlie,  Ihrou^li  loch  Nes.s,  loch  Oidi, 
auil  locli  I.oebio  ?     Cii. 

What  niotintnin  rauL'e  runs  from  tholienil  of  the  frith  of  Clyilo, 
N.K.lliroii:;htliecenterof  tlieeonntrv?  Gn.  What  isthetaeo 
of  the  couiiln-  ?  .-I//.".  S  ollaial  is  llivirle.l  into  the  llijlilaii.ls 
mill  Lowlaiiil.s.  The  howlamls  emlirace  the  couiilies  south  of 
the  rivers  Tortli  anil  Civile,  ami  tlie  uTcater  [lart  of  each  of  tin: 
comities  on  the  eastern"  coast  between  the  frith  of  Forth  ami 
Murray  frith.  The  lli:.-hlaiiils.  farther  north  ami  west,  are  a 
hleak.'wilil,  roniaiuie  country,  ahouniliiiL'  in  lakes  aiul  mount 
liins.  ami  ileeplv  imleiiU-Ml  bv  loin;,  narrow  arms  of  the  sea. 

Into  what  soli  eiuj.lics  the  Doli  >  the  iJcO  ?  the  Tay  ?  tlie  Spey 
(spiii  '  Where  is  lien  .Nevis,  the  hiL:liest  luoiinlain  in  Ureal 
lirilain  ?     Where.  Ciirneoriii,  iiot,il  lor  its  crxstals  ! 

What  is  the  capital  of  .-■•■otlaml  .'  Wln'rc  i<  Ulas;:ow  ?  Pais- 
ley ?  Aherileen?  Dnmlee  ?  .^tirlin^?  Gretmi  Green  ?  Inver- 
nuss  ?  locli  Loinoiiii  .'  Iteli  Nevis  f 

■l;i 


Where  is  the  proat  coal  tlelilof  ."^cotlanil  ?  An/t.  It  o<Tupies 
both  siiles  of  the  frith  of  Forth,  ami  extemls  across  the  country 
ill  a  W.ti.W.  direction,  UU  miles  luliif  ami  on  uii  uverui^'e  33  brouii. 

SCOTLAND. 

Square  miles,  i-'O.llOO,— I'lipuliition  i.'.tl-J.'-.'.l.'iT.— Pop.  to  sq.  m.,  S8. 

1.  Scothind  is  I'anious  tor  her  schools,  estab- 
lishcii  by  law  in  every  parish. 

'J.  Scolluiul  is  also  fauiiiiis  tor  her  lakes,  tlin  largest  of 
wliicli.  I  leh  Lo'ununt,  is  unsiirpas.-eil  by  any  iu  Great  liril- 
ain for  stililime  ami  lieautiful  scenery. 

1).  The  little  islanil  of  Stallii,  hall'  a  iiiilo  in  (liiimelrr.  is 
reiimrkalilo  for  inio  of  tlie  ;;iealest  curiosities  in  tiaturr, 
called  Kill,;;ill'sCave.     The  cave  is  nioie  than  'JDIl  feet  lull!.'. 


anil  iMMituleil  cm  rneh  siilo  liy  spleiiilid  Inisiiltie  eiihiniiia  in 
lerpeiHliciilur  riiiiii"s,  snpiiorloii!  at  the  Ion  u  rimf  foniieil 
)y  til"  lirokeil  mils  of  iitlier  liiisiiltic  I'oliiilllis.  At  ihi) 
opeiiiiis  till  eavd  irt  IS  feet  wiile,  iiial  llu-  roof  hii  feet  nbovo 
tho  water,  wliicli  inorv  wliero  foriin  the  Hour. 

1.  Tlie  isliiiid  of  Ici'iia,  or  leiilnikill,  near  Sliillh,  in  iinled 
n»  tho  cemetery  of  iiiiiiieroMs  kiii^'n  of  Scotliiiid  iind  Nor- 
way, and  as  the  resiiloiice  of  luoiiku  wlio,  in  the  sixth  ceii- 
Inry.dilliiHed  llii!  li^ht  ul'leuriiiii^'  uiid  Clirisliuiiily  'lirouj^li 
llie'  iiorlli  of  I'.urono. 

.').  'I'lie  eslalilislied  re1if;ion  is  I'rpsliyleriauisin,  tlio  fiiii- 
damenhil  priiicipiil  of  wliicli  is  'In'  eipiality  nf  tlio  clergy, 
ill  npposilion  to  llpiseopacy  and  Frelacy. 

(i.  The  Scoteli  Lowlanders  are  ii  feiiiiirkalily  moml,  or- 
derly, well-eilncnleil.  and  eiiterprisitiL'  jieople.  The  IIif.'li- 
laiiilers  are  lirave.  lii'ily.  rinlt'  iiioiiiitaiiieers,  of  u  riico  en- 
tirely di.slincl  from  the  l.owlimders. 

7.  The  soil  ill  the  I lij.'hluni'ls  is  {jenerally  poor;  in  the 
Lowlands,  fertile,  and  in  some  part.s  liijihly  euilivated. 

Ii.  (I,it.s  1110  llie  staple  aLTictlllural  jiroduction.  Sheen 
and  caltlo  are  exported  in  i.'reat  mimliers  tu  the  Knylislr 
iiiarket.s.     Ciia!  is  the  most  valiialile  iiiineral. 

!l.  The  piiiiciiial  muimfacltires  are  lino  cotton  gomU, and 
coarse  linens. 

10.  Scollatid  and  Knslaiid,  previously  independent  kin;;- 
duins,  wei,'  united  ill  ililK),  Imt  iSeotla'itd  relaiiis  lier  own 

li^ion,and  U)  a  great  e.xlent  lior  nucieiitlawn  and  judicial 
institutions. 

r.ii'is-aLiinti  (or  rd'-in-liur-nO,  tho  ca|iital  and  literary 
motropolia  of  Scotland,  oeenpies  a  cominanding  situiition 
on  throe  rid<_'es,  separated  from  each  other  liy  deep  ravines, 
and  siiiToitiided  on  all  sides  except  the  north  by  lofty  liillii. 
The  New  town,  (11.  Ihe  north,  refiiilarly  laid  out  and  built 
of  IVeeshinc,  is  mil  of  the  most  lieautiful  towns  in  Kiirope. 
ICdiiilnirgh  is  the  chief  sent  of  the  law  courts  of  Scotland, 
and  the  high  clia.'aeter  of  its  nniversily  ami  schools  lins 
made  it  the  residence  of  genteel  families  liom  all  parti  of 
Scotland. 

dins' frnw,  on  tlie  Clyde,  and  in  the  conl  reu'lon,  is  the 
first  city  ill  Scotland  in  ])opulalion,  comineree,  and  iiian- 
ufactures  ;  and  is  especially  noted  for  fine  cotton  goodi. 
Piiixlni,  a  liltlo  west  of  Glasgow,  is  also  noted  for  tlio 
inaniifa'ctiire  of  the  finest  cotton  ^oods,  and  for  the  inlelli- 
uence  of  her  .|irratiye  weavers.  Dnihlrr',  on  the  frith  of 
■fav.  is  supported  chieliy  by  the  inaiiiifaetnre  of  sail-cloth, 
and  other  maiiufaclnres  of  lieiiip  and  coarse  linen. 

Alicnlecii',  on  the  eastern  coa.st,  lielween  the  flon  and 
Ihe  Dee,  is  noted  for  its  university,  and  as  tlie  chief  ship- 
liuildilej  port  in  Scotland.  St.  Aii'drnrx,  on  tho  eoa.st  be- 
tween the  friths  of  1'— li  and  T— y,  is  al.so  tlie  seat  of  u 
university-  Iiin-nims' .  at  llio  head  of  .M — y  liilli,  is  tho 
gay  capital  of  the  Highlands. 

I.nlh  (leetli),  on  the  frith  of  Forth,  is  the  port  of  Kdin- 
lmr;;b  ;  and  (1  rrr  iiiu-k,  near  tho  mouth  of  tho  Clyde,  the 
prilici|ial  seaport  of  Scotland. 

Slirliiia.  on  the  F— h.  is  iioteil  for  its  ensile,  anciently  one  of 
the  bulwarks  of  the  kinu'iloui ;  piinioiiiiDii.  on  the  C— e,  for  its 
castle,  the  ancient 
stroiiL'lioUl  of  the 
Itrilous,  lowerini; 
on  the  suniinit  of  a 
perpemlicular  rtM-k. 
DiinkrhV,  on  the 
T — y,  is  llie  priiie  of 
ycollanil  tiir  u'riinil 
anil  picturesque  see. 
nery.  i'crlh,  on  the 
same  river,  was  an- 
ciently the  resiiienco 
of  the  kiiii;s  of  Scot- 
Inml.  Jiihno'diuat's 
llousi)  is  the  iniist 
northern  resilience 
in  Great  lirilain.  <lr: 
extreme  soulb,  is  faun 
iMtulanii  ;  ami  i'urt  i 
tioii  of  packets  liir  I 
Ai/r,  on  tile  frith 
the  time  of  V\'alhi' 


I)umlnirtim  Ciiscle. 
rhiii  (liTcn,  on  the  F.nelish  tniriler,  in  the 
lias  liir  nian-iiiues  of  rimaway  lovers  from 
'iilni-k,  in  the  extreme  S.W .,  is  the  sta 
elanil. 

I'  C — e,  was  the  scene  of  uTent  events  in 
ami  Ilriiee  ;  ti'ni'iioi-khurit  is  noted  for  tho 
.loeisive  vietnry  of  liruce  over  IMwani  U.of  Kiu-'Ianil ;  Ditnbar, 
on  the  eastern  coast,  for  that  of  Cromwell  over  the  Covenant- 
ers :  ami  (^nth/iii'n  Mour,  near  Inverness,  tor  the  iiiial  defeat  of 
the  lOni-'hsh  I'reteiiiler. 

Clieriot  Hilh,  on  the  southern  lioiinilnrj-,  are  famous  in  the 
annals  of  liulililiL'  anil  bonier  warfare.  Ihe  LoU'thers,  hills  of 
inountains,  conlain  viihuibie  lend  mines, 

Thfioniitie^oJ  HlirHn!.',l.iiihlliU'i>ir,Eihnlmrsh,Iliiif(Hn!!ton, 
ami  llervick  form  the  (rrent  nL'ricultural  district  of  the  south. 
lipnfirir'  and  Ijiiinrk  eoiilain  the  chief  commercial  and  niaiin- 
lacturiui:  towns.  Ri-rlmrtsh,  Ititwfi-ir/,  Srlkirk,  and  Pcf^tles 
are  sometimes  called  Pastoral  t-cotland.  Aigylif  ia  the  county 
of  the  Campbells. 

Qiie^tii.-n!'. — 1.  and  9.  For  wh'it  is  Sccllnnd  noted  7  3.  For 
what  is  the  island  of  Stalla  noted  (  4.  For  what,  lo'iia  ?  5.  reli- 
Liioii  ?  11.  cbiiracter  ?  7.  soil?  H.  staple  yo'jetahle  production? 
aiiiinal?  niiiieral  ?  9.  niaiiiifneturcs  ?  10.  When  were  Scollan  1 
and  Knudaud  united  in  one  kingdom  >  Where,  and  for  what 
I  noted,  Edinburgh  .'  ikc. 


lie  I'liliiniiia  in 
u  riHil'  toriiH'il 
niiiH.  At  itio 
1'  (i(i  lort  above 
ir. 

lliitlh,  i»  iinlpd 
IiiikI  iirjcl  Nor- 
llic  nixlli  rcii- 
iuuily  ilirouj^li 

iiiiiiiT),  tiin  full- 
(if  llio  clergy, 

l)ly  moml,  or- 
-.  Till- Ilifili- 
,  of  u  nice  cu- 

f  i)n(ir ;  in  tlie 
■illliviitcil. 
iclidri.     SllPL'p 
tu  tlie  ICn^lisir 

Itnn  go(HU,  unJ 

^pondrnt  king- 
luiMa  llLT  "Wll 
\ti  uiid  jiidiciiil 


i1  iind  litiTiiry 
idiiig  Hituiition 
y  (ItH'p  ravines, 
1  by  lofty  liillfl. 
1  nut  anil  built 
rtns  in  Kurope. 
■Is  of  Si'iitland, 
ud  Bi'linoU  liiu 
iini  uU  purti  of 

;  rof:irtn,  is  the 
I'lri",  and  ninn- 
!  cotton  goodi. 

niitt'd  for  tlio 
I  I'ur  tlin  intelli- 

nn  llic  frith  of 
re  of  sail-clotlj, 

linen. 

u  tin'  Hon  and 
till'  cliii'f  «hip- 
n  tlio  const  bu- 
ll till*   PI'Ilt  of  u 

-y  frilli,  ia  the 

I-  port  of  Kdin- 
the  Clyde,  the 

anciently  one  of 
liie  C — e,  for  its 


usile. 

lish  iHirilcr,  in  the 
liiwiiy  InviTH  from 
SAV .,  is  the  Kta 

:jf  LTCftt  events  in 
rn  is  iiotoii  tor  the 
MiL'liinil ;  Dunbar, 
.er  tlie  Covcnimt- 
tlic  tiiiul  defeat  of 

ire  fiimnus  in  the 
iMU-tliern,  lulls  or 

irffh,If(i<itlijis:t(yn, 
trict  of  tile  south, 
inercial  iinil  Uisnii- 
7,(M-,  ami  iWUen 
^ylt^  is  the  county 


il  noted  7  3.  For 
.'hat,  io'iia  ?  5.  reli- 
lahle  proiiuctiiiu  7 
hen  were  J^i-otliin  I 
lere.  ami  fur  what 


QUESTIONS  AND  EXBHOISES  ON  THE  MAP. 

niKb.SNI).— Wliiit  wiitiToii  the  N.  7  oil  the  K.  7  H,  7  \V  ' 
What  rhaiiiiel  iiii  the  N  lO.  seimniles  Ireliiliil  froiii  Siothiml  ' 

In  vhdt   li,irt  nlfnliiiid  M  Me  imicime  i\\    IJl'nter  f    ('.ni 
nllu^ht7  Muii'slerl   beili'st'rf      H7m(  rim/i'e'.i  (reail  Ironi  Ih.' 
liiilii)  on  the  ennteni  coast  7    siiilthem  ciinut  /   western  ciiaul  ' 
northern  const  7     ll7/<//  rniiiihrn.  nut  on  tlie  euual,  in  bister  ! 
beinster?  (■oiinliuiihl  7  MuiisIit  /  ,,    ,     ,  ,       , 

In  irhiif  iKirl  I'f  Irrliiml  is  loimli  nnh  (Ink  lie)  7  the  lake  "I 
Killiir'iiey.ceh'liriileil  for  heaulifll  eliery  '.  tlie  (lilllil's  ciiiise- 
way  '  IJouemil'  liny  >  I^Wm  hiiv'f  V  aterliinl  ami  Wextoril  liiir 
hors  7  ca|ie  Clenr  i  louuli  (Ink)'  b'liyle  !   llowth  lieail  '. 

Whrir  iloes  ihe  |J|uiiiiioii  ri»c,  run,  anil  rmji/i/  I  the  lloyn.-  / 
the  Harrow  /  the  lliiiiii  7  .  ,    ,      ,       ,  ,    , 

What  is  the  capital  7  /»  rrli.l'  ptirf  of  Irrhiud.  iiml  on  wli.it 
liiiy  nr  rirrr.  is  Uiihliu  I  Cork  (  biuierick  (  Hellast  7  Ualway  I 
W'literforilf  boiiiloiiilerry  7  SliL'o  7 

What  is  the  liice  of  the  country?    An'-  ^|•ar  tlie  hike  ol  Kil 
lariiey,  intheS.W.,are  nioiintaiic  nlMiilt  MIllJOIeethiL'li ;  the  rest 
of  the  count rv  is  aerccahly  iliversilleil  with  hills,  phiiie 
levs,  ami  hoils  cover  ahout  an  eielilh  part  iil  the  sililin 

'III  what  pan  ol  Irehiml  are  the  hoes  f  .!«.<,  l.iiies  ilrinvii 
iicr.HS  the  island  IVoni  Wickliiw  liciiil  to  llalway,  ami  Inmi 
llowth  head  ti>  tjliKo,  iiicluile  hetwceii  theiu  nearly  all  the  hoijs 


mill  VII 
.l«.<,   I.iiies  ilri 


IRELAND 

Bqnwo  miles,  3'.',000.— I'lipuliitioii,  f.-'OillKXI, 

1.  Ireliim 


cause  o 


f  till 


Pop.  to  aq.  in.,  'J.'il. 

is  called  the  "riineialil  isle."  be- 
)rilliaiit  veriliire  of  it.s  vegetation, 


The  (iiiinCs  Cttueeica'j 

o.  'I'ho  dimale  i.s  more  moist  and  inild  lliin  that  of  Kug- 
laud,  iind  the  soil,  on  ihe  whole,  more  liTlile. 

;t.   I'otatoes  and  oals  furnish  the  chief  food  of  thn  inlialii 

tunts;  and  butter,  pork itton,  beef,  and  other  provisions 

are  raised  in  fireat  (|uaiilities  for  the  Kn^'lish  markets. 

4.  The  principal  manuliiclure  is  linen,  especially  in  I'l- 
stcr,  where  it  is  made  in  almost  every  villii;;!'  and  liimily. 

,'i.  Ireland  was  c luered  by  the  llnudish  in   IIT',',  and 

tlio  two  countries  were  unileil  in  one  kiii^'d in  liKII. 

(i.  The  established  religion  is  llii^  same  as  lliat  of  I'.iii.'- 
lund  ;  but  four  lillhs  of  Ihe  peo|ile  are  lioinau  Culholics, 
and  nearlv  one  half  of  the  other  liflli  I're^bylerians. 

7.  'riie'rreshyleriaus  are  generally  of  .Scotch  orifiiii,  and 
reside  I'hielly  in  t!lsler ;  while  t'oiiii'iiie.dit  is  the  mu.stlbor- 
oughly  Irish  and  Calliolie  part  of  the  inland. 

H.  the  proprielors  of  ihe  soil  are  chielly  rrolestants, 
many  of  whom  are  absentees  liviii;;  in  bomlou  and  I'aris, 
and  lliero  spenilim.'  the  moneys  got  from  their  poor  ten- 
ants often  by  di.slniiniiig. 


1  11  !•]  L 


l)L-a'i,l.v,  at  the  head  of 
fr,'st  cilv,  and  f-siiil  of  ihe  i 
of  the  liliest  cities 


,  lieauliliil  hay,  the  capital,  hli- 

Iv  universilv  of  Ireljilid,  is  one 

in  the  lirilish  empire,  and  is  e.-peeiully 


'luin  of 


ston  trade ; 


lHnlrtiininifJnr  Itrnt. 

'.).  Ireland  has  been  liir  centuries  severely  oppressiMl  by 
its  Kn^disii  rulers,  but  iluring  the  present  century  many 
concessions  have  been  made  for  iUs  relief,  and  more,  it  is 

loped,  will  soon  be  made. 

10.  The  comrniim  of  the  peasantry  in  some  lariio  dis- 
tricts is  e.vtremely  di'snided  ;  llieir  hou.se  ••  being  connnon- 
ly  mud  Inivls.  and  their  limil  poor  and  scanly. 

11.  The  Irish  are  brave,  cheerful,  witty,  warm-liearted. 
and  hospilalile,  and  especially  generous  to  their  aged  and 
Ulifortimate  relatives,  who  are  often  supported  from  their 
acanly  earninu's. 

lo.  The  Giant's  causeway,  a  great  natural  curiosity  on 
llie  north  coiust,  consists  of  many  ihoiisand  pillars  of  ba- 
sallie  rock,  each  pillar  from  l.'i  in  O'l  inches  in  diameter, 
iM.il  cniiiposeil  111'  Joints  of  various  lem;lli.  vviili  n  regidar 
shape  on' the  sides  (commonly  pentagnual),  ami  liitiii:;  into 
each  other  at  the  ends,  like  a  ball  into  a  socket.  These 
pillars  rise  per|ieiiiliculiirly  from  -JOIl  to  100  feet  above  the 
vviiliM',  are  comparled  lo^'clher  over  a  space  tlOO  feet  loni; 
bv  about  liiO  liruu.l,  and  pi'iijeel  into  tin;  eea  an  unknown 
di-'iaiico. 


i>(i/iA  (*/  Ireltiiiii  {  old  I'arLutment  Ihiisc).  Dublin.  „■ 

noted  for  the  grandeur  and  line  t.iste  of  its  public  buildings 
among  which  arc  the  liuuk  of  Ireland  and  Four  C'omt.s. 


]irjllltir|.*iJlJ 


^S-ri.y. 


Cork,  the  second  city  in  population,  is  tlie  i 
the  south  of  Ireland,  and  chief  marl  of  the  pro 
and  its  harbor  is  one  of  the  best  in  the  world. 
\      I.im'crirk.  also  largely  engaged   in  ihe  proviMon  trade 
(was  formerly  noted  tiir  the  .strongest  forlre.ss  in  Ireland, 
'and  for  its  llrm  s*.i'..l  in  the  cause  of  the  Catholics. 
I      l'„lf,isi'  is  the  emporium  of  the  north  of  Ireland,  and 
!  center  of  the  linen  tnnie. 

'  (I'lt'wnf/'ifi  noleilas  aresortofthe  irentry  for  sea-hnthinc:;  \V't 
!  /,',7;)/-,/,liii- its  trade  in  pi-ovisioiis  ami  N-  wiiiuiKlliimlllshery  ; /)«» 
;  !;,'ir'rnn.n  little  west  ol' Waterloril,  as  the  hiraest  lishiiii.-  tow* 
ill  IrehonI;  Luntiomltr' n/,  for  its  siei.'e  hy  ,liiiiies  II.  in  1C90-1  , 
;  l)„nitt.'hilii,i''.  lor  the  ferry  hetween  it  iili"d  Port  Patrick  in  Scot 
Ilnail.the  shiii'test  mat"  hy  sea  to  (Ir.'at  Hiitaiiii  ami  Dou-upal'- 
\rirk.  in  the  sniiie  cnuiity.'as  the  hiirial  place  of  Si.  Palrick,  the 
I  patnin  siiiiit  of  Irchiml."  Droeli'r.h,.  at  the  iiioiuli  of  the  Boyne, 
IS  near  the  spot  where  was  fouelit  the  hiillle  of  the  Boyne. 

M,ii/nni//i',  a  litli.-  west  of  Dehlin.  is  iioleil  liir  a  colleef  en- 
iloweil  hy  the  uovcniiiieiit  liir  the  eilacation  of  Itonuiii  Catho. 
lies  ;  Tu'itm,  near  (jabvay,  as  the  sent  of  an  archhishop  ;  II, il'- 
liuii'liir',  in  the  smiie  viciiliiy,  for  Ihe  erentest  cnltle  fairs  in  Ire- 
land  ;  Arma'jh  lar-nini''),  im  the  ecclesiastical  nielropolis  of  Ire- 
laiiil  ;  anil  Duw.'ininon'.  in  Tyrone,  as  the  cliii'f  sent  of  the 
O'Neal's,  the  must  foriniiluhle'enemies  of  the  Kni^'Iish. 

Qiifslinns.—\W'\\y  is  Ireland  called  the  Kmeralil  i.sle  7  2.  ell 
oinle  '  n  pn-fcliLtioiis"'  4.  nimiufactarea  7  :■■.  When.liil  the  Km.'- 
lish  compier  Irelnml  7     When  were  the  two  cotmtries  urited  7 

II,  lb'li'.;io!i  '.    7.  Which  pi-oviiii oiitniiis  nio..t  Presbyterians  7 

Which,  most  Cnlliohcs  ?  i*.  What  is  tiiiil  of  the  owners  of  the 
soil  !  II.  of  the  oppression  of  Irelnml  '.  10.  conilition  ot  the  peai- 
aiitry  '.    11,  chnrni  ter  of  the  Irish  !   12.  (iiant's  cnilscway  I 

Where,  ami  for  what  Hotel,  lliihliii  '  Ac 


i' 


i'f 


m 


I:ii 


anil  runiiiii^  nmili.  f.irm  !]»■  ilivi.liiii.'  i-iiiu'c  liit«iTi]  tlil'  vdllrys    ""'  ""'",  niuunl.iinf,  aiid  otlicr  uutural  objorts  within  their  liniiN.| 
of  IliH  Klioii.'  nnil  J.cii.i:  '     \V  Imt  incjnmains.hrajiiliniL'fniintlie 


F  It  A  N  C  K.    S  I'  A  I  \,    A  N  I)    I'  (j  »  "I  V  (i  A  L. 


.'lO 


/•iUfIi 


N  1; 


SSlr/i«liij 


f.lh 


%'^    ttn.'Xn'f^—^ 


/1(Vl 


«'?: 


"«•<■« 


Idvs* 


"    >lila 


r     ■ 


:fil^\ 


3& 


gJI-JI 

lirll   L'llVl'llll'lllI,J 

iicncc  (  lii  »  liat 
,  litiii.M,.-,  I!ir  tln'ir 
IlijritH  ili'lit'litlul 
1  J.or-r/tiitf^  l)nr* 
■iijist,  Pii^-iiriii/  t 
I'  fDiitli  iin]  I'l'ist, 
T,  (liviT.sitird. 
r  roHst.  is  I'niis  ? 
X  '  Ihinv  ( 


Hl'AIN  — W'lut  Wlltor  nil  tlm  N.  nl'  Hpiilii  ?  cmililiy  ou  tlli' 
N  H.  I  rtiiliT  nil  llii'  HK,  mill  S.  I  ciiuiilrv  iiml  wiitiT  nil  lliii  W.? 
\Vli;it  inniintiiiiiM  m-|mi!itc  S|Miiti  ti'niii  Knihn*  \  W'ltiil  ■Iraili* 
ni'imriili'  iHrniii  Aliirii  I    Wlua  lwnrii|H'«  III  lliii  N  W.  cxlriiii 

ilv  \     Wliiit  iali'*  III  III.'  M.ilit.MTiiiirii ir  till-  iMiHtiTli  I'liimt  f 

Wlii.'h  urn  tlhi  IhriT  liirt'i'itl  nl  llir  lliiLiiiii'  IhIi'i  \ 

W'hiil  riii^'n  nl  liinuiilitiiiM  riiiiit  wcmI  iilniii{  till'  w  I  mill  tiortliiTii 

rniwt,  tmiil  lllit  I\\ri'i HlmiiiK'  l''iiiiHtt'n'n  \    Cn.    Wlml  riiiiu'n 

li'ilvi'H  ihn  ('iiutiiliriiili  liitn.  ill  iiliniit  lnll^^  4  '  VV.  iiinl  riiim  Hniitli, 
ill  nil  ilTi'ijilllir  linn,  In  rilpn  lilllil  nil  llm  .Mi'ilitnrrilliiMWi  \  In. 
Willi!  twii  Inii^'  riiiii^'i-H  H|t|■ill^'  Irniii  tlin  llifniiii  i*i\iiL[n,  unit  run 
ill  II  W.H.W.  ilirnrrtnll  ililn  I'nrlllMlll.  tiTliiiliiiliiii<  iiii  tlin  rnilHC. 
nun  ill  tlin  riH'k  nl  l.iiilKili,  mill  tliu  nllliT  lll  rll|M'  Ht.  ViiK'i'Ul  \ 
U'llllt  twn  riiliu'i'H  Mjirilu;  rrnlil  llln  HniKlu'l-li  puit.  nt'  till'  llinriiili 
riitiwn.  mill  run  iit.-iii  in  u  U'.SAV,  ilii'iTtmii,  nuiliiiLr,  nun  m-ur  tlin 
HK.  unrilnr  nl  I'nrtumil,  liiiil  tlm  nllmr  ill  tlin  nn'k  nl  (Jihrallill'  / 

|N.it.  'riit'rtc  inniiiitiunH  t'liriii  wliiit  iluiy  lie  I'lilti-il  tiin  akt-lutun  ot  titii 
pi'iiiiiiiulii,  mill  liuiiMil  tliii  viitlryii  nl'ilM  tlvn  uri'iit  rlviTH.] 

W'hilt  rinr  ilriiiill  tlir  ril/lii/  liilin:rn  tlin  I'yri'linnil  mill  tllu 
Ilii'riiiii  riitiun  /   Kn. :  tlin  ('luiliiliriiiii  rliuili  lliiil  liinuiiluiiui  n| 

(la.itiln  7    l)n.  ■  l liituiiin  nl  ('iiHliln  unil  lliiiHn  nl' TnlniliW  '!'«.; 

liiniitituiiiH  nl'  Tnli'iln  uiiil  Sinrru  .Mnrniiu  /  (Jii. :  biumi  Miiri'iiu 
mill  Sinrru  Niviulii  t  (ii*. 

Jn  irfi'il /iitif-  I'j  Siiiint.tnitl tmn'hitt  ri>mt,m>mtifniii  rtiiti^p.nr 
rin-r,  in  tlm  |iniviiii'i' nl'  Cn/u/./ii/r;,  uiitnil  liir  iuiliistry  niiil  ln\u  nl' 

liliiTty  /    Siiiarn'.  Iliriimrly  uii  iuili'|i lint  kriu.'iln'in.iimimrli'il 

Willi  Krni f     Vali  nriii,Miti-'i-lfl,Hlui.inilil/>ishi.t\u)  lilnut  linuil 

tilill  mill  t'nrtili'  lun:  nfrtjiliiirf  At^tujiin  illiiUin//'«n/,  rili;i;iMl  mitl 
iiinuutiiitiniiH  |iniviiiri'H  f  /l;i/H'M/M,"wliirli  i^ivn  tlm  title  ntpriiirn 
in  linirs  111"  till!  S(iiiiiiMh  tlinilm  I  Iti^rni/,  tlm  I'nilutry  nf  tlin 
ltii.li|Un*(liu«kHl,a  Imrllliiir  |mn|ilnnrCi'llli-(lliL-ill/  I.'i'MiiiiiIiii, 
till'  nnilutry  nl'  l)n,i  Unixnln  mill  liiti  ilnuulily  Hi|uiri',  l^mil'lu) 
I'aiizit  /     I'lisfUf  mill  J.fnii,  a  rniiiitry  nl"  i  Invii'tnil  [ihiiim  t 

in  nhitt  pi.iritt(r.  mill  on  whiit  i-<ni\t  or  nn-r,  Im  Maitriil'  /  Bar- 
celu'nii/  Cii'iUi!  Mura^ii?  Hillin'a.'  (IrmuiMa?  (.'aitliai{u'iia/ An, 


<illi«i'  iiiililic  .•ilili.'.'-   I'aii,  i.  ^ivi.ily  i.ii,i,.ii,,r  I..  I..IIH1.II1,   „,,,ir.,,irii,in,l  i, 
iillliniifih  ilH  hiii'^t  iliimli   (Si.  (ii.|i..\inM.i   ia  iiiCnriiir  |i 

St,  I'liiil'*, 


m 


III"  cni.-l  I'sliiliiiioii,  till.  pniiilK  nf  linfli 

».'»i'«llll.'iiilliiK  III  uri'llt  liliiiitmrx  I.I  wjtli.'»»  it.      Tlin  liilll 
w  I'lillilniilily  liiKl  li'tiii  knil  liy  liiMNniiinii   Willi   npilirH,  liliil 

I 


I'OirrrOAL,— Wliat  niimtry  nii  tlm  .V,  nn.l  H.  7  What  wa- 
ti'r  nil  tlin  ri,  miil  W.  (  What  ra|iu  at  tliu  S.W.  nxtrninity  ( 
What  twn  u'rnat  riviTH  llnw  iiitii  tlm  Atlantic  I'liiui  tin)  wmtLTii 
rnii.st  >     What  liniiinhiry  rivni's  in  ilin  f>.V],  and  N,VV.('nnmrg  I 

hi  wh>it  pttii  iif  I'lirtHiftil.  ftnd  mi  irhnt  rinr  nr  mntjif.  is  Li.s- 
Ixai  I  ()|ii)rtn  !  Ijrauiilizu  (  fit,  lilms  I 

FRANCE. 

Squaro  mllc»,  IKH.i'W,— l'n|)iilniii,ii,  ;;i,(»Hi,oio,_Pnp.  tu  »q,  m„  ir.ri, 
1.  Fraiife.  a  tine  cruintiy,  in  ii  fiiiniii,inilin!,r 
piisiliiiti.  lias  hei'n  liir  a  lliiiiisand  years  onenf 
iJm  most  imwerfiil  liiiigdoins  in  (.'liri.stendnm. 


//(irre  (liiir'-vni'),  at  tlm  immtli  '„(  llin  Nnihi.  (.im,.),  i.  ||„ 

jiiirt  111'  I'liriH,  anil  cliinf  nuI  nl'  llin  ciiiii ii  n  Willi  ,\inriii  11, 

llri'.il,  nil   tlm    ,\lhllilir,  anil    Tmihnt  (lnii'.|i)ii).M,  nil   llin 
,\li'ililnmiimaii,  inn  tlm  iliinl  laiMil  nlaiiiiiin:  inul  iinxt  In 

llll'lll  urn  llmhr  fort  (l'n»lr.|nll)  mill  l.'Oriiiil  ( Inl'l'Hin^), 
nil   tlin  laiy  111    lllMliy,  llllll    Clirrhoiiril  («llnr'.|lll|-K),  nil  tjm' 

Ijii/lluli  ihaiiiu'l,  liiiiiniM  liir  ilH  Ini'iikwuini'  unil  ijia  kn. 

Ainniin  tlm  ntlinr  i.nitn  urn  lliri/otinr',  imar  thn  Hpniiiuli 

InaitliT,  »liniiflv  liiitilii'il,  ami  nnlml  |l,i-  tlm  invi'iilinii  nl  laim 
lii'la;  Hiiidoirio:  lUilnnn'l,  niillm  KllL'li«ll  rliuiuu'l,  tlm  rnniilinir 
nl  iiimiy  KiuiliHli  laiiiilinii  i  Col'oit  ikalliii),  nii  tlm  mraitii  nl 
1)— r.llm  Htataiii  nf  pimkntii  Inr  Kiii<l|iiul  ;  ami  l)uiikiik',im  tlm 
.Vni'tli  ni'a,  nun  nf  tlm  sin  lumt  harlHa'a  in  Kiirnp,., 

I. ilk  (li'i'l),   Valrnrieiiiira  (val  aril  «•  in'),   Vrnlitti', 
(iiiaan)  am  strimifly-fiirtilinil  tnwiiH  nu  tlm  ,\,K,  frnulinr, 

Uiiuni  iru'  aiii;,!,  nil  tlu'  S— c,  in  tlm  laimipiil  m'ut  nf  tlm  ml  ' 
tnii  iiiiiiiiiliu'tiirnii,     SoiitiH  iuaiith!,  nii  tlm  I.iarn,  is  iintn'l  Inr  an 
uilintnl  lliaiiy  1  V,ri'i!p.'itiiin  llm  l'Mti'«laiit»,  » liirli  wan  rivnk 
I'll  ill  lliH.'i,  I'triotiitint  i\iur- , 
pi'i'ii  yarut:';  is  a  itlrnui;  li.r- 1 


II, 
III  tliii 


ll'llllnil, 

.Sjiiiiii  uiminiiily  l..'|i,iiu.,.,l  t„  i|„.  f'lirilianiiilaiiK,  limn 
Uniii.iiK,  iiii.l  iiltnrvuiiil  In  tlm  .\I.a,r»  or  ,\riil)H,  wlui 

WiTM  i'«|n'lli'il  lit  tlm  rlniii'  nf  tlm  llfl l|i  inliliii-y. 

1'.'.  (llMllAI.'mt  Imii  wi'll  klliUMl  |iriilllnllliily,l|i|i'i.  niiln* 
iill(.',  Illllf  II  llliln  Willi',  mill  I  inn  In.'l  hiyli.  ;,„  ,1  KpiiiiiuH 
liuy,  III  llii-  wiiitlmni  rxliviiiiiy  nf  .S|iiiii,.  imar  llm  niilniiicii 
111  llm  .Mi'ilili'rniimiiii,     It  lalniivH  in  (iicut  Itritinn.  wliii 

liiylily  iin/i-«  It  im  ii  iihmiI  hIuiI niul,  al  iiii  iiniin-iiH)'  nx. 

I"' ■  'i"»  iniiiln  it  llm  ulriiii^n'nt  fnitiii.H  in  tlm  wnrlil. 


,  mill  Mil: 


M  llm  r<paiii«li 
lii'rimarllii'.Mi'ilitiniiui'aii, 
Monloithiiii  lllinlif.'-ln-tiiirii;.'') 
in  laiunim  Inr  ii  I'rnti'lilant 
■rhiNilnfthcnlni/y,  MoiiI/mI'- 
III,  au'ir  tlui  Ub'Uitvi'niiii'ali, 
is  tlm  riKiirt  nf  iliviiliila  Sir 
Us  miiiilirinuN  air,  tJirno'lUr, 
in-iir  thn  Italian  IVniilmr,  in 
nnti-il  liir  ilM  xi'iil  ill  prniunt 
iiif  llm  I'Vi'iiih  lliinihitaui, 
Arii'iioii  (liv'-ili  )nli).nli  tlm 
Ulliaii-,  w  ,'IN  at  nun  liliiu  ttm 
lafiilal  nf  llm  |>npi'ii, 

Siio>'/iini,',tm  llm  llhirm, 
i.l  lintnil  li.riUnpiri',  i;illi'nt 
hi^'il  ;  Ji/irtiiiH  (n-Ill/.i,  Inr  ittt  j 
Hpli'iiiliil  ratlin  Iral,  in  Mliirli ' 
tiin  KillL'dnl  Krmil'n  Wnril'ir  ■ 
ini'ily  irnwiii'il  j  ['irmiil/ri  ] 
iVi'r-m.li'H'i,  Imar  i'ar  in,  Inr 
llm  iiiiiLiuilii'i;iit  paliii't'  anil ' 
L-arilnuH  nf  Lniii«  .\IV.,aial!  ISillio'ii,  tin 
i'lOltiliiirhlriiii    liiu-ti'li  llin'), 

*aH  II  rnyal  liiiiiiinq  Nr|it, 
QuenUioi.i.—\  Fnr  what  i.s  rrnian  luiti'il  I  2,  Imr  |iimilinii  iin- 
ilor  llniiii|>aitn  .'  ;i.  rank  in  scii.'ui  n  anil  tlm  arts  /  I,  I'llinatinn  1 
.■.,  lau^niai;!'  /  li,  iliarai'tiT  7  7,  nliL'inu  7  f.  i;nvnriiiii,.i,t  /  |i,  ,  |i, 
luato  7  vi'iii'taliln  i.rnihiitH  7  III,  kiiiI?  1 1,  iuiiutuIi  f  I'.',  iiiaiiii 
fattures  7  (.'.ximrts  I     W Iiltu,  iiml  fi 


ILM^UiSUI 


Cm/iiilnil  iH  l/hi, 


/'.ir, 


nf    111, 


CI,uir/iii/SI.  Hi 
rniiiiimiu'niiu'iit 
it'.'*,    llllilnr    .\ll]inli'nli 

'  llian  liulf  iif  Kiii'iipi 
liliMiilure,  anil  Ilin  art.i, 


pii'M'iil  ri'iitui'y  llin 
IliiiiiHniiln,  DVL'rruii  unil  '• 

thn  Kri'lu'li  liiivn 


iill'ts  and  pi)' 
,.1, 


':.  At  till' 

Fi'i'imli  aniiit'.'* 
L'nii(|iii'ri-(l  iiiiir 

■I.  Ill  [icinu'i 
loii^'  iimknil  Willi  tlin  iiiii^t  t'iviliz.-il  aiiii  I'liliiilili'imii  .... 
limn;  mill  in  natural  |ihilii.in|.lu ,  Imllcs-lnttfe^  iiiul  iiiilita- 
ry  sUill,  timy  urn  Kiii|ia>,~i'il  liy  nnnn. 

■1,  Killm.itinii,  till  ri'i'ciitly,  wa,-*  iiliiinst  confiimit  tn  tlir 
hiu'linr  ('la.-isi"<;  unil  u  lai';;n  part  nf  tlm  piipiilutinli  nvnii 
linw  run  imitlmr  r I  nnr  wriln. 

■I.  Tlm  Ki-c'iuli  laiii,'iiai.'i'  i.-t  mm  nf  tlm  must  rn'ini-il  nf 
tlm  lunilnni  lanniiuuns,  anil  i.-  iiim'n  iiMml  in 
liln  sniii'iy  ilii'iiM^'liiint  laiii^ii'  iliaii  aiiv  ml 

11,  'I'lm  rri'iu  li  an-  li  piy,  I'lulfli'uiis,' j^ullaiit  pniipln,  auil 
pus,-imiuli'ly  liiiul  nf  iiulima.l  fihirv, 

7.   '.''Iii'in  in  nil  nst.ililislmil  ri'lijjimi,  all  sni't,')  Imin;;  nipiitl 

in  'I y  nf  llm  law  ;  IhiI  llm  i;ri'ut  lim.ss  nf  tlm  pnnpl.- dm 

Kmiiim  Cutliiiliii.  anil  almnt  a  Iwriiiinili  part,  I'liili'.siunt.^, 

H.  Tlm  fiiivi'mnmnt  was  a  llinitnil  iiimianliv,  with  pnnrs 
nanmd  liy  the  kiiif;,  anil  dnpiilii's  cliiisnii  hv  tlm  pniiplc  ;  luit 
ill  1H18  tlm  kill;;  anil  \\vrrH  wi'rn_  di'pnsnd.  iiiiil  Fruiiin  is 
mnv  iiri'pirlilii'  with  an  cli'dnil  pi-i-Nidi'iit  uml  ii>»i'inlilv. 

II.  Tlm  cliiiiatn.  ilpniially  in  llm  smith  nf  I'rui i,« 

nf  tlm  liim-^I  in  tlm  wmlil  ;'favnnililn  tn  Imullli.  ami  In  tlin 
must  valiiiililn  |ihiiits  of  tlm  tnnipcnitn  zmm,  iinliidin;; 
inui/,e,  llm  viim.  llm  niiilln'iTy,  unil  llm  nlivi', 

10.  Tlm  soil  in  tlm  I'ustnni,  nm-llma.slnni.  uml  i-nnlrul 
prnviimn.s.  anil  in  llm  vallny  of  llm  (iuronim',  i.s  n,.|„,n,l|y 
Inrliln;  lint  in  tlm  nm'thwnsli'i'ii  prnviiiii's,  [inor  and  stiiiiv. 

11.  Tlm  iiinst  iinpiirtant  niilmials  an    irmi  unil  riial. 

1'.'.  Tlm  iirini'ipid  inannfartnrns  ami  n.xpnrls  inn  silks, 
liimiis,  wnnl.'iia,  win.',  anil  l.ntn.ly. 

J'.dtis,  nn  tlm  .Si'iiin,  is  tlm  capital  of  l-'raiicn.  llm  siivnst 

citv  ill  Knropi'.  and  tl I'lilni-of  f  ishioii  and  opiiiimi'of  llm 

riyilizi'd  world,  ll  is  inlnrinr  to  l.ondmi  in  iiopulatinn. 
width  of  sti'cnts,  nndconvi'iiiniicns  for  Inisiimss.  lint  in  pub- 
lic lilirailns.  gurdnns.  ijulli'rii.s  nf  paintinu',-!,  pulacns.  ami 


fnr  ttluit  iii.li  .1,  Pans  /  iV.' 

SPAIN. 

fqunrc  mill'/.,  17IUP0.— l'n]iiiliit.()ii.  I.'.IIIIIIIKX).— Pn|i,  tn  «i|,  in.,  li'J, 

1.  Spain,  yoo  ycar.s  a;ri>  the  most  puwerCiil  of 
the  Einopean  .states,  is  imw  mie  ol'tlie  fcelilesl. 


iiiniintaiiis 

I' ii'wi' ;  mill 

I'm  inipriivn- 


iniiim 
lanils 


li;:ht. 


ll  Ci 


hiiit-iiuhi  1,1  .V/„n/.. 

2.  Xiilie  nf  tlin  fivnis  am  tin-  liavii'iililn;  tl 
urn  li  imliinil  liaiTlnr  tn  cnniiimmn  and  iiiim 
canals,  railrnads,  sti'iiinlioa's,  anil  iitlmr  liiiu" 
iimnls  ill'.'  ulinn.si  unUnown. 

•  I,   Ayriiiilinm.   niuiiiil'aclnms.  ami    cnninmni'    lan^nisli  I 
also  iimlnr  llm  alisiiid  mslriclions  of  Ihn  ^omtiiiiii'iiI.  1 

■1,  .Spain  is  lain,, lis  for  lii'i-  iin'rim.  slmnp.  winch  li'cil  in' 
Hocks,  dinlii;.'  sinnnmi-,  ini  llm  nlniali'd    liiMn-j 
ililn  ami  l.i'ini.  ami  urn  ilrivmi  in  wiiil.'r  in  llm  | 
low  plains  of  Kstri'iiiailura  ami  th IJoiiiiiiL;  pi-ii\  iiiccs. 

.'i.  'I'lm  diiMul,'  is  ui'ncnilly  iniM  and  pl.'awinl,  lint  lli.' 
Mi'dilcrrancaii  |>ii)\  iiiccs  iimol'ti'ii  visiind  \,\  a  Niii'cliin;; 
anil  I'lifni'liliiiL'  wind  froin  Africa  <'al|,',|  lli,'  ,Si,!:i  nn. 

li,  Tlm  B,,il  ill  th,'  nnrlh  ami  in  tlm  iiiicrim'  is  (.-I'lmriilly 

lint   in    111,'    ,\l,'ilil,'n'aimuii    provincs,   v,'iy    H'rliln, 

prniliicin^'  tin'  vine,  the  nliv,',  and  rich  liiiiii  in  alaiiiihinci] 

7,  Tlm  principal  exports  am  wool,  win,',  ami  I'niils, 

!1.  Hnll-ti,;;lits  iii-i-  111,'  liivm-iln  nmiiBiMn.'iil  in  uH  piirts  of 
Spain,  uuit  in  sonm  pluccs  tlm  jurat  si|iiar,.  of  ihc  citv  !•. 


I tif  Itiiik  III  IJihriillilr. 

.Miiiiiiii',  llm  rapiial.nn  a  hram  h  of  llm  Tii'(.'iiii,  iipiir  the 
ci'iilnr  nf  ,1m  pi'iiinsnlii,  on  lalindaml,  nlnvuti'il  '-'(Hill  font 
'iliim.  llin  sell,  is  11  snjii'rli  lint  f;looniy  citv.  ll  has  liiiln 
liuili'.  uml  prospi'i's  cliiclly  frmn  thn  pri'si'iicn  nf  thn  court, 
llnricln'nrt,  on  tlm  const  of  Caiiiloiiiii,  is  tlm  principal 
'Mtiiifiicliirinn    unil   coimnnrciul    town,     Co'iliz,   slioiiL'ly 

fiirlilii'il,  lit  ll ml  nf  11  I, Hi;.  toii;;im  nf  laml.mi  u  (in,.  |,av. 

was  liirnmrly  llm  center  of  thn  rici  triiilo  with  Iiuliii  iiiiil 
America,  lint  is  now  (.'mully  ri'dnceil, 

The  nlhnr  principal  seaports  am  Al'irnnt,  n  strmif;ly.foi. 
lUieil  town  i  ('iiiHiiini'nit,  niih'd  llir  the  lu'st  harlioi-  in  tlm 
.Medilnrraiieaii ;  Mol'nuii.  fainons  for  its  wines  un.l  I'niils; 
Coriin'na.  the  stiilion  of  packets  for  Kn-lunil  mid  Aini'rica  ; 
h'rr'riil,  llm  |irincipiil  slalimi  nf  the  Spanish  navy;  mul 
plirt  friiMi  which  ih.'  w.ml  is  I'.vporlcl, 
Oronii'ilii,  lit  llm  foot  of  llm  Sii'l'la   Nivuila,  Sirille'.  on 

till'  Oiiailalipiiv'i.',  mill  Cnr',1  n-o the  same  i-iver,  woiu 

llie  (..real  anil  splnmliil  ciiins  of  tlm  .Mnnrisli  kiii;;s, 

/'iirii/«'/ii', III,  t\ii,  cajiilal  nf  .N'livarr,',  S,iriii.'n.i'so,im  the  lOIirn 
aii.l  /;././  II  jo,',  lai  tlm  li— r:,  near  thn  frniiticr  nf  linrlin;al,  nre 
Imiinus  fnr  siei,','H, 

{'oli'ii'iiiim  nnti'il  for  ils  silks;  -V.''/'.".',  ni'nr('ailiz,fnrthcXcri>g 
nrSlmrry  wiin's;  ,s',//,„i„/„',n,  in  I. ,011,  liir  its  iiniversilv;  In/In 

././/../',  as  tlm  capital  nf  Spain  111  llm  I  i nf  Charles  V.:'  Tuli'ilo, 

on  th,.  T  - »,  fnr  its  swnni  hliiiics  ;  .llniii'iliii.  ill  l.n  ,\Iniicha,  Inr 

il«.|in.kiiiKer  iiiiues;  I'li'/og arl.'ailiz,  as  llii'  |,nrt  I'rniii  which 

I'liluiiiliim  saif'il  nil  his  Hist  vnyai'i'  In  AlmTica;   /'„)•/  .Million, 
111  th.'  islan.l  nl  .\Iiuni-',ii,  fnr  its  line  harlinr,  rmumrlv  tlm  ,nili- 

Jill  I.l, 'Hi;, 'r  ciiiiiM  aiiioii'.-  tlm  imiriti powi'rs  ,if  kurnpn, 

7'/'. /..//./,■.•.///,.■/■,■„■„■,/„/,  ill  tli,.nii,iiiiiaiiis,','(l miles \V,.\,W. 
I.l  Mii.lriil,  IS  the  fan.rite  resi.l.'uce  nf  the  Spanish  luouari'lis, 
.(/•./«'///i:,nii  tlm'l'-  s,  is  minlln'r  nival  resiilcii,','.  (',)//,•  Tiof. 
iili;iir',  II.  nr  Cii.liz,  is  fiinous  li.r  N, 'linn's  vuii.rv  nvi'r  th,-  uiiil,',l 
Kreliili  iiii.l  Hpanish  ll.'.M.  Mioil^irnil' .  a  'siiiL'ie  mniiiitaiii 
iii.iri'  tlinii  aiiiiii  li'i'l  lii;h.  IIII  iiiiL's  ,\  \V.  nl' Itarc.lnna,  is  la- 
in..us  fnr  its  heniiils  anil  tlm  iiiiiulii'r  nf  pil.'riius  whu  visit  it, 

lliirilii,ii,.—  \.  Past  nn.l  pr.'».Mil  rank  nf  Spain  7  'J,  slate  of  in- 
ternal iiilercniirse  .'  ,1,  stale  nf  auiii'iiltiire,  cnniiiiei'ce,  ami  man. 
lllii.'liir.'H7  I.  117,.//  (»  .../„/  ..,.'/,.',•  im-riiin  slicp  .'  o.  I'liinale  '  li, 
s.'il  '  pnsliictiniis  '  7,  isporls  '.   s,  hull  li-lits  /  !i.  L'nv.'rnm.'iit./ 

in.  i.ln-'i.ai  f    II    What  p.-npl.- ii.r riv  rul.'.l  Spain  ,1    I',',  Wiint 

is  HI. 111., I  IlihrailarJ     \S  inr,',  iii,.l  liir  what  i.ot.'il,  Madii.l  \  Au 

PORTUGAL. 

S.pii.r..  mil.-,  ;il„1ni)— l',,piiluii,iu,  li.llin.niKl.— Pop.  to  ^q,  ni.,  n«. 

1.  I'orluiral,  iimv  weak  mul  ilecliiiinu,  was 
iiiiet!  the  iiiiisi  enterprising  maritime  stale  in 
I'liiriipe. 

•7,    \t.riciiliiim.  inaniifiii'lnms.  llm  iii'Is.  eiliicalinn.   ami 
iiiiprov.'iimiils  nl  i-very  kind  are  in  11  lia.kwaid  ..pile. 
II.  The  ino.st  not,', I  prisliiclinns  am  wine  anil  sail. 

I,i«iiiit,  the  capilal,  in  a  coinm  ,ialin.;  jiositinn  on  the  Tn- 

Kns.  is  mm  of  llm  fn-.,!  cniiiiii,'r,i,d  cities  in   Ijirnpp, 

I",'..',  an  earth. jiiuke  linri.'d  :in,niin  nf  its  inhaliilunls. 

j      Ofior'to,  on  III,'  Diiero,  (dii'-i-o).  in  the  iimsi  th 

lof  l'orlil;;Hl.  i>  ii,.t,'.|  li.r  its  Iriile  in  port  wine, 

I      .SV.  I'lirn,  on  the  coast,  sdiilli  of  Li-lioii.  is  noted  fnr  in 

sail,  mud.'  from  sea  waler;   I'oinilnit.  lor  ils   imiversitv; 

l-.h-im,  as  th,.  sirniip  It  fnrlress  in  |h,'  kiliplnni;   llrngim'- 

j  :./,  liir  (jiviiif.  l!m  ntlp  of  ihike  to  the  kin;;.-,  of  Pni'iiiiral. 

I      (Jiir'lionii. — 1. 1'ist  iiii.l  prcs.'iit  rank  of  I'nrlin.'al  !  'J,  stiite  nf 

nn«.  A,'  '  :i  sinph's  '    U  li,r.'  im.l  li.r  what  nul,-,!.  Lisliin'  Ac 


In 

part 


d 


H 


QUESTIONS  AND  EXERCISES  ON  THE  MAP. 

GEHMAN'V.— \Vlii\t  is  .iiM-MiiUiv  >  Alls.  lU-rmniiv  is  tlio 
poitntrv  uiiilL'il  liiidiT  tlw  (irniiiUMr  ruiiiViliniliiin.  It  ••jnliracfs 
tljL-  irriMiter  part  ol'llii^  kiiifilipin  of  I'mssiii ;  nlmut  iiiif  tliinl  (if 
tlio  empire  iif  Anslriu  ;  Hulstiiii  iiii.l  Liuu'ulmr^-.  hflnnuiiii,'  to 
tiic  Kiiiu  of  Deimuirk  ;  Lrixi'ijiliiirL'.  licloiiLniiu'  tn  the  Kini,'  nt" 
Hullnnii,  tiiu'i'tlior  '..  iiii  tliirty  iiiilepi'iidont  stiites,  guviTiiuil  by 
liJllive  CitTlimii  princes,  jiikI  I'otir  Iree  ritii'S. 

C^  J'ur  llii:  iKimrs  oflhc  sirilis,  xie  Tiihlc. 

A(t(r. — fnTmiiiiy  wiw  Innn.Tly  nn  cinpire,  iiinl  diviilril  into  ninp  cir- 
cIps  mill  tilt'  tliHM!  c-niiiitri'-M  of  Hulirniiii.  Muntvin.  (m-l  SileiJia.  The 
nine  eirclen  were  Ati.-tri'i.  Iliiviiriri,  iiiiil  SwHl)iii  in  tin-  i^nmh  ;  I'pper 
Rliine.  Lower  lUiine,  unil  Fnuii-onin  in  tlie  nmlille  mul  we-t :  \Ve!.tplm- 
Ha.  Lower  .**iixony.  iiikI  Upper  .-'axoiiv  in  tlie  imrtii.  'i'lie  empire  wita 
«l»o  Billi-diviileil  into  more  tliiin  mul  imlepi-nili  nt  »tiit<'.H  and  free  cilien, 
but  tliese  lire  now  reduced  to  tie;  numlier  f^nven  in  our  taltle. 

What  two  Dens  and  wlint  hini-'diini  on  tlie  X.  ?  What  provineen 
of  Prussia,  llus.sia,  and  AuBtriaiin  the  K. .'  What  twoeoiintries 
anil  what  sen  on  the  ,-<.  ?  Wliat  three  kinu-ilunis  on  the  W.  ? 
What  river  separates  (Jerinaiiy  from  .■Switzerland  ami  Franee  ! 

In  what  jiart  of  Oi-rmuny  are  Hanover.  Holslein.  and  l.auen- 
linv._''  in  w'inl  purl,  Hieien  and  \\'irremlH'ri.-''  in  wiint  part, 
Austrian  (Jemiaiiy  '.  In  wliat  part,  tlie  lartrest  division  of  I'nis- 
aian  Germany  '  What  kinL'dom  in  tlie  east,  between  Prussian 
and  Austrian  (ieniiiuiy?  .-^y.  What  kinL'dom  in  the  south,  be- 
tween .\ustrian  (iemiany  and  Wirlemheri:  >.  Ha.  What  u-rand- 
duehy  in  the  north,  on  the  Haltie.  between  Pniiaia  and  Laiien 


nins  neross  Wirteniheri.'',  Bavaria,  and  Austrian  fiennanv  into 
llum-'urv  (  Wiiiit  is  the  ijeneral  course  of  the  Oder  /  of  ihu 
KIbu  ?  Weser  (  llliino  ?  Muvn  /  i>anuhe  ? 


!     PWITZKHLANI). 
S.  NmtiieW.?    What 
nioniit.iins  on  the  Italian  border 
on  iIh-  (iernian  border  '.     What  u'reat  lak 
V\'hat  is  the  fiiee  of  the  eounlry  I     An^ 


Wb;tt  eountrj'on  the  N.  anil  K.?  nn  tho 

untaiiison  tile  Kreneii  border/    What 

What  LTi  Hi  i.'ie  and  river 

ill  Hi 

Th. 


W.  f 

Alps  rover  the 


hnri;  ?  Ml'.  In  what  part  are  Hossc 'Dannsladt.  Nassau,  the 
Prussian  provinees  on  tlie  Rliine,  and  Luxemburi;  ?  Wliat 
kini-'dom  almost  surronnds  the  L,'rand-dueliies  of  Uldenhurf,'  and 
Bninsw  iek  !  Win  re  are  the  other  small  (Jerman  sllttes.  Ans. 
All  but  two  or  three  lie  near  the  eenter  of  (iemiany. 

Deseribe  the  inoiintain  eliains  in  Gennuny  .'     An.i.  A  braneh 
of  the  (,'arpatliiaii  rani.'e  separates  Moraiia  fnini  .Silesia,  and 

then,  dividini.' ni|deteiy  eneireles  Holieniia.  from  the  west  end 

of  Hhieh  eomitry  one  lirani  h.  ealled  the  Hartz.  pilieeeds  N  W. 
into  Ilaniiver.  and  the  other  S.W.,  ainiss  Havaria  aial  W.iteni 
berL'  to  the  Ulaek  forest,  near  the  S.W.  corner  i.d  (lennanv. 

Describe  the  live  chi 
these  moiiiitain  chains.  Aits.  The  /^//rii//»'draiiis  all  the  conn 
tr\- south  of  these  nioiintains.  The  Mni/ii.  a  braneh  of  the  llliine 
and  the  WVscr,  drain  the  country  between  tlie  .<.W.  and  N.W. 
branches.  The  Klhr  ihaiiis  Hol'iemia.  and  Ihr  I'Jbe  ami  (J'tkr 
drain  llie  whole  conntrv  norlli  of  the  mountains. 

What  is  the  face  of  tlie  coiiiilry  ?     Iii.s.  In  the  north  level,  and 
near  the  ,  oimt  hiw  and  swampy  ;  in  the  soiilli.  mountainous.  .    i 

What  river  runs  tlirouL-b  .Silesia.  Hrandeiiburu.  and  Pomeraiiia 
to  the  Haltin  >.  What  river.  tliroui:li  Bohemia,  Saxony,  and  Prus  Zurich  fzn'  rikl.  and  nearly  all  the  small  lakes  of  Switzerland, 
ma,  to  Ihu  .Norlli  st.a/  What  river  from  liie  eenter  of  (ierniany  \  (In  which  side  ol  the  vaiiev  of  liie  Klione  are  those  noted  sum- 
enters  the  North  .sen  near  the  Elbe?  What  river  from  Switzer-  niits  of  the  Alps,  Mts.  Blalie,.^!.  Bernard,  Uosa.  and  Simplon?  On 
land  runs  throui.di  the  western  rlivision  of  Prussia  into  Iloliand  ?  which  side,  the  Sbreklioni,  or  Peak  of  Terror,  and  Wetlcnhoni, 
What  branch  of  the  Ithiiie  rises  in  Bavaria,  ami  runs  a  westerly  or  Peak  of  .Slornis  ?  In  what  part  of  Switzerland  are  the  four 
zn-'zai;  course,  cnissim;  the  parallel  of  .'.O-  N.  Int.  sewn  or  eialit  forest  rnntona,  Sciiweilz.  Uri,  l.nderwnlden,  and  Lucerne,  the 
times  I     What  river  rises  near  the  S  W.  corner  of  licrnianv.  and   eradli.-  of  Swiss  libeilv  <    In  what  pnit.  the  canton  of  Vandivol? 


southeni  half  of  Switzerland,  and  tliu  liuffliem  half  ia  n  land  of 
ef  rivers  of  (iemiany  with  reference  to   hills,  lakes,  and  cultivated  plains. 

(live  the  outline  of  the  ri\ers  /  Ang,  Four  rivera  rise  iti  Mt. 
,St.  (lot'hard,  and  run  to  four  omiosite  (mints.  I.  The  h/iiiir, 
N.K.tolake  Conslance;  V. 'I'lie  ycei/ni.or  VWm'in.S.K.  throuLdi 
lake  MaL'eiore  iniad  jo'rei  to  the  Po  in  Italy  ;  :i  The  Itlioiii;  S.W. 
,  between  the  liiLdiest  summits  of  the  Alps,  to  the  lake  of  (Jcneviii 
and,  '!.  The  Aur,  N.W..  and  by  a  cireuiloiis  course  tliroU|.dl  the 
'  west  of  .Swilzerland.  to  the  Itliine,  into  whieb  it  carries  the  wn. 
f  lakes   Neuli-batel  (nii  «ha  tel),  Tbun  (looni,  I.neemi;', 


IS 


rinn  rjiiniiany  iiilo 
the  UiIlt  /  ot  lliti 


'  N.  nnd  K?  mi  tho 
irhlMinlt-r.'  W'lint 
iiir  ir\v  uinl  rivur 

I  lli."  S.W.  ? 

'Ill'  AI|tH  cover  tho 

II  liult  ig  a  land  ol' 

p  riviTi  riio  in  Mt. 

9.  I.  Th<!  lihiiiP, 
«*t"fj,  S,K.  thnMiL'h 
;  'V\\rUhom:ii.\\. 
Iir  lllkt'  nr(ii'lli>vil ; 

■niirMc  thruu^-'h  th») 
I  it  cHiTics  ihi-  wn- 
i  (IcMin),  Ltn'i-nii.'', 
'H  (if  SwitzrHiihfl. 
V.  tlioNi-  iiotcit  Nurn- 
,  unci  Sirniildti?  On 
,  uml  W'cllriilupni, 
:rliin«l  nw  iho  t'uiir 
fiinl  Lurcrnp.  the 
itfui  (if  \*itu(l  (vnt  7 


Z  K  R  L  A  N  D. 


03 


SWITZERLAND. 


fiiuiirr-  rnllr.,  17;.tM  _l'"|iiilHi.iii.  ■,';.'i)ii i««i  _|'„|i,  «o  a.^.  m„  Vtt. 

I.  Swil/.crl.'iiiil  is  iiotcil  till-  its  uMiiiiil  iialiirul 
sccnciy,  mill  its  I'lee  |)i)lilii;ii|  inslituiioiis. 


GERMANY. 

1.  Gernianv  ranks  uilli  tlic  niost  civilizeil 
countries  in  liinojii',  and  is  the  iiithur-land  ut 
must  of  its  soverei;,nis.* 

lADlLMl    VUW    UY    TlIK    IIKIIM\N    KTATKS. 


fltiilr* 


Xui'trlii  (OL-rinun  purt)  • 
l'riH»iii  do.     • 

llitviiria 

HMxoiiy 

Hniiovit 

\Vift<  lIllMTg     .  .  .  . 

Itmlrn 

Ilt'BW-CllflMI'I    .  .  .  . 

llc(!»f-I)iirm''ttuit    ■ 
Ilfpurlluintmrii 
Mi'fklt  nliiir^'  HfhwcTin  • 
Mi'i-klc  ii^urKflruliU!      ■ 
HulriU'in       I   .        .       .       . 

I.HUtnliurgj   •        •        •        • 

Niumau 

Luxi  iiilnirg  .... 
Olilfniiuri;  .  .  .  . 
Bruniiwic'lt  .  .  .  . 
Hiixi'-Wfimiir-Eiflpnfirh  - 
Hnxi'  MriniiiKin  nililli'uliounL'n 
HaXf-l'oluir^-Uolhd 
HiiXi-  A!t»iibiir:i 


^1  Mil    |J^"^«lij^|  «££. 

fl.lHlili  ll.l'illU.IIUIl  I'ntli. 

7 1. IKK)    n.lH)l),OI)0|l'roU 

•ifA\\:>,    4,:illlM«)llif;nth. 

l,iinii,iKi|i|l'rot. 

l,li7IM)lll)    ill.. 

l.WII.IIlK)    ilo, 

l,3IO,l»lll|CHth. 

(ilW.IIIH)  I'rnt. 


7IW.IXK) 
'.M.HliO 
47'.'.01X), 

e3,:iix) 

4v.'U,IKlO 

i.'i.miu 

:17-.',7IX) 
l.'7.'i.lH)l)' 


llll. 
lll>. 

ilo. 
ilu. 
ilo 

llll. 

ilo. 
Cnlh. 


,iupi 


|l.tllM>l,| 


Hrliiiui'nliun,'-I.i|i|)(> 
Hrlnviirl/liurj  Kiiilulft.idt 
HiliW(iruKiir.j  .■^.uitU-rnliimrti'ii 
llfUPC  I.ulKll^lrin    • 

Ili'u.'s  llreilz   .... 

Anhiill  lli'>9nu 

Anhiilt-lti-niliurg     . 

Aiitiiilt-Collii'n 

WaWi'ik  ... 

Holirii/oHrTn-Hi',Tji(irim;in     • 

Holu'ii/Dlit'i-ii-ilL-chin^'i-ii 

Lirlltrn.^U'Ul     .  -  .  . 

Ilnmliiiri;         .... 
Kninklbrt         .... 

Brt'iiirn 

KulM      .        .        .        .        . 

f/«c<rioii».— W  hii-li  livi'  «t»|j'!"  rniik  ii»  kiiiciloiiiA  )  WlUrli  upvin  ar.' 
C'nlliolli-  I      ll'liuk  it  the  lar/imt  ul  lIli'  IVt'e  iitic»  (  uf  llic  »lnlf»  I 

2.  Karli  uliili'  is  iiiilr|ii-iiili'iil  in  iniiiiiuMiifi  its  Innil  i-nn- 
ccnw;  lint  ihr  i-nmiii.in  inli'ipst.s  uml  ili-friisi-  mv  rrgiilii- 
ti'il  liv  II  Dii-l.  in  wliirli  Aimlriii  iiKviivs  (uvrtiilrs. 

:i.  Tlio  u'oviM-niniMii  wiisiihsdluln  iiiipiiiiirliy  ill  .Austria  nnd 
I'nissia,  anil  miin-  or  Ics.i  i)|i|)rci.sivi'  in  iiins't  iit'iln-  siniillrf 
stall's,  but  in  1818  tliiTi'  \va.<  a  rrvuliuioii,  ami  free  iiislilH. 
lions  lire  now  nnivi'r.'ialjv  rstalilinlinl. 

4.  Thp  Kninan  r'alliulii;  rrlifiicin  prrvail.s  in  Ihr  sniitlM'.n 
half  111' (iiTinany.  ami  llir  l'ri)ti',iliiiit  in  ilir  niii'tliri;i. 

5.  Tim  soil  i.s  ■iiMirnilly  frrlili',  Imt  i Ii  j:,  tin-  norlli  is 

•anily  anil  iiiar.-iliy,  ami  in  iIim  wintli  riHi;;li  ami  nicky. 

6.  (irain  i.s  ilir  .siaplr  in  iho  iiiirtli,  and  Uii'  vinr  iit  px- 
tonsivoly  ciillivati'il  in  tin-  winlli. 

7.  Till'  inoiinlaiiis  in  llanoviT  anil  Saxonv  aliiininl  in  sil- 
ver,  ropper,  li-ail,  ami  iiiIiit  iru'lals. 

8.  Thf  Ciin-nians  inannliutiiri'  tn,„i\.  plain,  soliil  nrlii-li's 
of  alniont  I'very  kiiiil,  liiil  arc  I'.vii'lli'il  hv  Ilu-  l-rcncli  uml 
KiiKlisli  in  niiisl  of  tin-  fnii'i-  niannfartnn-s" 

!l    In    I'.'Hnii'il  I'ritii-isni.  ni.-itistiis.  iMink-inr.kiii';,   useful 


invi'iili'iiis.  aril  iiii-  »cit'iiee  of  mining,  tho  (iiTinans  ixrol 

I'vi'i-y  iiiIu'c  I plf. 

11).  Tlii'ii'  ail'  01  iiiiiviM'silii's,  iliH  most  ci'lrlinili'il  of 
wliiih  iiir  iliiisi'  of  (iiit  iiiii.'1'ii,  l.i'ip'sir,  llal'ii',  .lii'iia,  Hit- 
lin',  ami  Vim  na  ;  anil  in  llio  miriii  umM'uI  li'uriiing  is  Uif- 
liisi'ii  anions  all  i-lassi's  of  llir  propln. 

11.  In  llio  ci'iitii'  of  Ijiicipi',  lioiiliiin;;  on  ihrpp  sens, 
ami  ili'i'ply  pi'in'initi'il  liy  iiavi:;aMi'  rivurs,  (iL'nnuny  has 
tiiii'  natiinil  ailvuntiiLirs  for  roniinrri-i'. 

\-i.  Till'  tiix  ii'vii'ij  liy  null  slalo  on  ),'oi)il8  passinf;  tlinni;,'li 
its  li'rrilory,  tiiriiu'ily  a  fjirat  liinili'miice  tu  cunimurcu,  liiia 
j  hi'i'ii  aliolislii'il  liy  iniitnal  iiLTfi'iiirnt. 
j      l.'J.  .'<\\os»  Htamls  al  tlii'  lii'ail  of  llip  ficrmnii  slates,  in 
|a|,'rieiiltiire,  inunnfactiires,  iiiiniiij.',  anil  liti'nilnre. 


rillKf    TI)W.S«. 
N.B.— For  I'itirm,  Prrliii,  ,Vi'.,  bit  ArsTSlA  aiul  PnifSlA. 
Havahm. — Miiiiirli  (inoo'-nik),  on  the  l.srr  (e'.ser),  is  the 
enpilal  of  liavaria.  anif  one  of  the  luimlsoniest  lilies  inder- 
niany.     Aiina'lniru.  im  ilu'  l.erli.  is  noieil  for  the  l.iitlu'niii 
eonfession  of  failli  presenteil  to  (.'liarles  V.  in   l.'iHI);  Su- 
n'mlirre,  for  its  toys,  liiuik-lraile,  ami  inventions;  uml  lllcii- 
,  Ariiii.  ni>/ifiitiii''/t  n,  uml  Kfk'tinthl,  liir  liattles. 
I      Saxonv. — Ihm  ,ltii.  on  the  Kllie,  the  enpilal,  is  a  lieaiili- 
hil  lily,  ami  has  the  (inesi  piitiiie-L'allery  north  of  Ihe  .'Mps. 
^/.d/i'sir,  mi  the  rii'is.se,  is  noli'il  for  its  fairs;  .Uiii<'.<i'h,  on 
lllie  |;ihe,  for  ihi'  lini'st  iiori'eiain  in  I'.nrope;  aiul  [■'nt/herg, 
snrrounileil  liy  'Jiill  niiiies.  for  its  niinini;  aeaileinv. 

_  Manovkii. — litin'ovtr.  on  the  l.eine,  is  the  eapiial  of  Ihe 
kin^'iloni;  I'.m'iirn,  at  the  inonlli  of  ihe  Kins,  tin  ehief 
por..  (tottiiiffi'n,  on  the  l.eine,  is  noteil  fa-  iis  nniversttv. 
iViKrMMiiKiii,. — Sliilfn'iiil.  near  the  Neekar,  is  the  eaiii- 
tal.  ',"ii  lihiL'iii.  on  the  N — r,  i>  noteil  for  its  iiiiiversity  ; 
anil  rim.  on  the  I) — e,  for  its  strong'  foriilieiilions. 

lUnKS. — ('iirhn'hr,  the   lapital,   near  the  Hhine,  aiul 
Mnii'lirim,  on  the  .Seekar  ami  Hhine.  are  heantihil  towns. 

Smai.i.  Ukumam    Statks. — Mmlz.  in  llessi-DannMailt, 
on  the  Itliine,  ojiposilu  the  inoiiih  of  the  .Mavne,  hiw  tlie 


Mijiiiiihr:/  oj  Muunl  .M.  ttcriiuril. 


'  fl n  \'iitcirin  iif  flri'iit  Ilritiiin  ia  of  tlie  Home  of  Hniusivii'k 

IIiT  con-ort  AlhiTt.  laiil  Kiiia  I |>nl,l  of  Heluiinii,  nre  Iniiii  Hiixe  Cii- 

iiira.  M.'ikli'nIiiire-.-'triliiz  Iih8  mvi  n  two  i|iu',  u»  to  llritnin.  uilm, 
k!n:  of  (Ireii'e,  in  Irom  lliiviiriu:  and  llic  Kiupei-.a-  of  liu,6i«  is  con- 
lUTtfl  tiy  tiimily  alliancf  with  tiin  imnrpe  of  OM.  nlmro'. 


I'lliJ  rij  Mrnr.,  or  .V.enn. ,. 

slroniesi  fortress  in  (ierniany.  W'ri'mar.  the  nipital  of 
Siixe-Weiniar,  has  heen  the' resiilelu'e  of  liiuny  learnril 
men.     Jni'i,  in  Saxe-\\  einiar,  is  famous  for  n  hattle,   in 

lllDIi,  whieh  overthrew  for  a  ti the  rnissian  inoiianhv. 

Itninx'virk.  in  the  iliiehv  of  llriinswiek.  is  noteil  for  fails, 
iie.xl  in  i-ank  lo  those  of  I.eipsie  anil  Krankliirt. 

Vhw.  yiT\v.^.—-l'nnil;f,;l-:>,t-llir-Miiiiii.  ilie    sent  of  the 

(ieniianie   l/et.   is  noteil  for  its  fairs.      Uam'burjr.  m\  the 

r.lhe.  is  the  tirst  coinniereial  eity  in  Germany.     Hrcm'ni. 

on  the  We'ser.  is  akso  iioleil   for  eonimerie,'    I.uhrc\  on 

\  the  Haltie,  was  ome  the  ehief  eity  in  the  llaiiseulic  leiwie. 

(fill's/ iiiii.^. — 1.  For  whtit  is  (liTiiiniiv  iii'tein  *?.  covernnu'iit  ? 
:i.  L'overiiiuiiitofllieiiiiiiviiiiiiiUtiili-s  .''4.  rehjioii/  ."i.soil  (  il.  ii^- 
rii'iilliinil  proilui-ts  ,'  7.  iniaerals  .'  ,-.  niiiiiuliiiiures  >  !l,  |u  wliiit 
ilipllieli.'rniiilisexiel?  10.  universities  '  eiliii-iiliou  .'  II.  nilv.'inlii- 
fesliireiMiuneree  .'  I'J.  ilisftilviiiitni:e  .'  l:l.  Wlmt  is  siiiil  llf,Snx■ 
.  nay  '     Where,  niul  lorwhal  lu.l.'.l,  I'niiilvlort  cm  the  .Mavn  '  Ae. 


I  lllltiam   Irtt  timilntf  ll,r  A/ipIr  un  Ihr  llril,!  ilj  hit  Kill. 

\  2.  Ili'i-e  are  lofty  mininiains,  heaiililiil  lakes  uml  wulet- 
lulls,  extensive  (.'laeiers,  ami  lerritie  avalamlies. 

•I.  filaiiers  are  imineiise  tielils  of  iee,  often  l,!  or  'JO 
miles  lout',  forineil  on  the  siiles  of  iiuiiintuins. 

■I.  Avalamhes  are  vast  masses  of  iee  uml  snow,  whiih 
oeeasionally  lireak  away  from  ihe  fjlariei.,  ami  sliile  down 
the  llll  livities  \'\\\\  ft  liemendoua  lour,  ovuiwhelming  in 
a  moment  the  villa^'es  helow. 

.'j.  I'oiir  yreat  roads  rross  the  .\lps  from  SwitzprlamI  to 
Iiuly:  one  over  .\ll.  .'Simpjon,  one  over  .M;.  St.  (iol'hard, 
one  over  the  Hernarilins,  and  a  fomlii  over  .\li.  .Splu^en. 

Ii.  By  the  pass  over  the  ((real  .St.  liermnd  (at  one  point 
flilili)  leet  ul'ove  the  sea),  the  Kreneli  urniv,  wilh  all  iu  ar- 
tillery, piisned  inio  lialy  in  lllili). 

7.  The  road  over  .M  unit  .simplon  (at  one  point  111)01)  feet 
liij:li)  in  a  line  niiliiary  loail.  Iinill  hv  Mnnaparle  in  lllil.'i. 

II.  At  the  lop  of  Ihe  road  over  .Ml.  Si.  liernurd  is  a  lleii 
edielini'      inonas- 

teiy   where   Imv- 
elers    are    hospi-    :         ,  _ 
tiihly  entertiioed, 
and    from   whieh 
Iriisly  ilofjs,  tniiii- 
ed    (or    till.'     pur- 
pose, are  sent  out 
on    the    approaeh 
of  iislonn,  losave  - 
any  who  may  he  ' 
in  ilani.'1'r  of'per- 
ishini;  in  the  snows. 

!l.  The  ','■.'  cuntons  are  imlp|1«'ii(lpnt  repiihlics,  imiied  fir 
eominon  defense  in  a  loufedeiiiey.  >.'overneil  hv  ii  Diet. 

III.  The  Swiss  monntieiieers  me  iioieil  for  their  simple 
nianners  ami  for  their  n'dent  love  of  liheriy  and  home. 

11.  A  majority  of  the  people  ure  rroles'tunts,  but  neuily 
oiu'  half  are  Homaii  Catliolies. 

I'-'.  The  (lerman  lani.'nai.'e  jirevails  in  the  north,  tho 
rrem-li.  ill  the  west,  and  the  Italian,  in  the  soiiili. 

I'l,  The  Devil's  hriiU'e  is  an 
airli  built  at  n  fjiddv  lieit'lit 
over  the  Hi'Mss.  a  rapid  torrent 
whieh  rises  in  .Moiml  St.  (lot- 
hard,  uml  pa.sses  Ihroiifih  the 
eaiiton  of  I  ri  to  lake  I.neerne. 

1  I.  William  Tel!,  the  hero 
ol  .Swit/erland,  was  an  expert 
areher.  ami  al  the  eoimmind  of 
a  eniel  Austrian  pnernnr  ,^hoI 
from  a  ili>taiiee  an  apple  on  the 
head  of  his  invii  son.  Inder 
ihe  impulse  reeeived  from  his 
dariii'..  spirit,  the  Swiss  llirew 
olf  the  Austrian  yoke,  and  at 
the  hattle  of  .\iiirj;arleu,  in 
liUJ,  i:)Oi)  Swiss  runted  an 
army  of 'Jll.DOO  .\iistriuns. 

(itXK'vA.  the  largest  eitv,  is 
beaiilihilly  sinialed  on  tile  lake 
of  (l"iieva,  ut  its  ontlet,  in  full 
view  of  .Mninit  lilane.  IScrnr 
on  Ihe  Aar.  I.ini.iiiiiiif  {lo-/an  ). 

Zuin-h  (/li-nk),  on  the  lake  ofXnrieli.  al  its  outlet,  uiv  all 
noled  for  Ihe  heiiiily  of  iheir  siiiiation  ;  /((/.i/c  (bale),  on  ihe 
lilline.  for  ils  university;  Cin.itanrc.  for  an  eeele.siastieal 
eonmil ;  Schciiriinii'srii.  fir  the  raturui-t  of  the  Hhine ;  Fn'- 
hin-i!,  us  the  eliief  eitj-  of  the  Cutlmlies  ;  and  Lii-Cfme\  ua 
ihe  laiirest  eity  in  the  fore.«t  eaiitons. 

Qiii\-iri<iii.t. — ).',»,  Forwlint  is  Swiizerliiinl  noteil '  .'i.  Wlint  are 
t:Iaeiers  .'  4,  avalaiieiies  .'  .",.  What  roiuls  eross  the  Alps  !  ti. 
ll'/o//i.< .«»((/ of  the  roiuloverMuMul  Si.  Ileniaril  !  7.  of  the  road 
mer  Ml. nut  Simplon  !  f.  What  hmise  on  .\hiuiit  St.  Ueilianl  I 
11.  L'oveniini'iit  !  ID.  ehiirncler  ol  the  Swiss  f  11.  reliL-ion  ?  1-J, 
himriinL'e  ?  I'J.  llVir// ».«««/ of  ihe  Devil's  briike  ?  14.  otWill- 
iani  Teii  '     Wher,',  unci  li.r  wlmt  n.ileil,  11,'ne'  n  '  {if. 


n,  Ihrilt  Hrulgi. 

on  ihe  lake  of  Heiievii,  and 


" .  i 


,11 


hciiia;  iiciii'il  tin-  ^'cild,  silvrr,  mid  cuiipor  iiiin 
(|uicksilviT;  Slyria.  liir  iriiii;  (iMlii'iii,  tui'  salt  niiin 

1-J.  Then'  ail!  Ii-\v  iiiiliinil  tiirilitii's  I'cir  i<iininiTC 
tnicli-  is  ciiiTii'il  (in  rhielly  Ijy  fairs,  lii-lil  iicriuaicaliy  in   iii>, 
•^'"inc  (it  tiic  lame  cil-"  ■ 


AUSTRIA. 

Square  miles,  a53,')00.— Populiition,  :r.,lll)il,UOO.— Pnp.  to  sq.  ni.,  137. 

1.  Austria  is  tlie  second  in  iJoiRilutioii  of 
the  five  great  powers.  •     Vi.  Ttic  ^'ipsios 

2.  Tho  cnipiro  is  (■(uiijidsfi!  ot"  iiricr(i;:Hnpf>u.s  inalcrials  : 
the  people  in  (litl'.'rcnt  parts  licin^'  (ifdilioreiit  races,  ditl'er- 
ent  religious,  and  diHcrciit  lan^'Miii.'i's, 

3.  Nearly  one  hall'  are  iif  Silavonian  nrisin;  one  fifth, 
German;  one  sixth.  Hiniirarian;  one  seventh,  Italian,  i^-e. 

4.  Aljnnt  thieii  timrths  are  Ruijiaii  Calholies,  one  eijilitli 
part,  Protestants,  and  the  reinaiudcr.  Creeks,  .lews,  i'C:c. 

.").  Aiislriii  IVoper,  or  the  An  lidiieliy  of  AiWria,  is  the 
basis  of  the  empire,  Iliinu'ary  was  aciinired  liv  inairiau'e 
in  inS;  Galieia,  by  the  p.iilition  of  Poland  in'l7!l-J  ;  and 
the  Italian  province's,  at  the  f;eneral  peaee  in  11)1.5. 

fi.  The  power  of  the  eni|ieidr  ill  some  provinces  is  ubsu- , 
liit<",  and  in  others  more  or  less  limited.  i 

7.  In  Himuaiy  the  (.'overiiment  hius  a  stron;;  infusion  of 
nristocraey;  the  peasants  liein;.'  slaves  of  the  nobles,  and      ,.        --    -■ 
the  emperor's  power  limited  bv  a  diet  of  nobles,  prelates,    '-i'i'"l"'i  '""  •"'< 
and  repriwentatives  of  free  inwiis. 

8,  The  bomb..r(lo.Veneiiaii  kinf/dom  and  (ialiria  have 
si'parate  ronstilntions.  and  are  t'overned  by  viierovs. 

it.   A  strip  of  ciiiintry  alon.-  the  Turkish'  border'is  under  centre  of  comnicn-e  and  maniifactun'- 
n  military  eonslitntion  ;  the  people,  in  lieu  of  taxes,  beini;        /',«t'>„' (|irai;.'),on  the  .Moldau,  is  ll 
red  la  art  a-  s„),ii,>r-  in  lie-  |„,,l,-,(|,,„  ,,f  ||,,-  fninlier.    llniini  is  the  capitid  ..f  ,\!..i„ 


lllyria,  liir'      HrsoAiuAS  Sta  tks. — /in'./i/,  tlie  eajiital  of  HuiiKan,-,  isa 

\e.        fortitied  town,  liiiill  cliielly  on  the  to|i  of  a  loftv  rock  lai  tho 

and    west  hank  of  the  Danube.     /'i>7.  opposite  Ituda.  imd  con- 

■(  ted  with  it  liy  a  liriiL'e  of  boal.s.  is  the  laifjest  and  nuist 

immercial  town.      I'ns'hurg.im  the  Danube,  near  the  Iron- 


,  «  I'loiiiiMi  lai  io\\  n.      1  r 
a  nice  of  vagabonda  who  subsist  chiefly  !  tierof  (ierm.inv,  wusoi 

■nilz  and  Krnii'uifr,  in  tli 


the  capital  of  1  Imi!.'.-  -y.      Srhem'- 

mountains,  are  noted  iiir  piild  and 

I  silver  mines;  and  Tokni/',  in  the  .N.i:.  of  llunpaiT.  fur  its 
wine.     //•■I'minixliiiU  is  the  capital  of  Tiansylvanin. 

(iAI.lclA.  or  Al  STiiiAN  l'(U,»Mi. — I ,i  m' I, r r'u  is  the  capital 
and  larL'est  town;  and  \Vi,lie:k,i  is  noted  for  salt  mines, 
which  have  lieeil  worked  for  mole  tliali  IIIMI  \  i-iirs. 


■  t'l  

10.  Ill  Ilun^'ary  ard  (iaiicia  the  arts  are  in  a  rude  state:    is  noted  tiir 


by  beL'i.unL',  forlune-tellinj;,  and  theft,  infest  the  whole  of 
umA  nimierous  in  thi.->  emjiiie, 

CUTKF    TOW.VS, 

Vifx'na,  on  the  Danube,  is  the  capital,  largest  town,  and 

rnpital  of  Dobemiii. 

■iu/*'/tiit/z,  near  Ib'lmu,  i 


lint  Bol: 


lieiuia, 


and 


ture;  and  manufactures  Hi 


esiie'iallv  I.omliardv. 


a  i.'reat  victory  of  Honaiiarte.      O/'i 


urish 


i  I  ■  The  empire   abounds   i 


1  the  ( 


seel   in  a;;ricu|.   castle   in  wliidj    I.afavetle  was  inipiisoned ;    'J'ri-rx/, 


for  ,1,,'.   ''nipii'ecoiiipi 


Sill  Millie  (ij  II  iilii:kii. 

. — \.  Fur  what  is  .\ustria  notcii  ?     •,'.  ttf  w  tint  im  lliu 

ll!     :i.  Wlint  iiices  ?   ■!.  relii-ioiw'     .'"■.  IIihtIiih 


n   minera 


lermaii  proviuci 
.1  rii.'hi 


the  Adriatic,  as  the  chief  port  of  the  einpii 


the  empire  uTowii  I  (i,  u'livcniiiieiil  '  7,  pc'iTiiiiirii/nf  Htumary  ? 
if  (iiilicia  ami  l.uiiitiaiily  !  V.  of  the  coiuilrv  on  tlie  Turki'sh 


■y    Tric-sle.  for  the  richest  (|uicki.Hver  mines  in  the  world 


"'■'"■''"'   fnaitier?  lu.  ails  anil  aL'riculturu  .'  1 1.  ininenils'!  1'^ 


i  ll).  jjipiies  !     Where,  and  fur  what  noted,  Vie 


ilinu  '  iVc. 


oinniercu  / 


mo 


if  Hniii,'an-,  is  a 
illy  link  cm  tlio 
Miiil'i.  itiid  ciiii- 
ir^'i'st  and  luugt 
t',  iii'iirliicl'nm- 
;.'' 'y.  Sfht'in'- 
I'll  ilir  giilil  Hiiii 
[inifjaiT.  fur  its 
yUaiiia. 
a  in  tile  ('a])ital 
liir  salt  tiiiiiert, 


(II  »liiaisihti 

;//  (irHiuiuiiry? 
(Ml  lilt!  Tiirki'sh 
I'^.  ciiiiiiiierct'  / 


■ . -_Z.?  U^AL^'    HOLLAND.   AND  BELGIUM 

QUESTIONS  AND  EXEHOISES  ON  THE  MAP~~ ~~~ 

AUSTKIA.— Wlint  fiiiir  rcmnlrii'S  cm  tli.'N.  f  Sv.  I'll    P,l    It-,     wi,,,!.,, i     ,.-  ,   •■.r.    . 

8.K. )     What  liiur  Imliai,  srati.«  „„  tin-  S.W.  !    W  , ,    ■,  ,  il"  ,  ,„,  ,   i  vv    '   n ,'     i    i      )^^''".'  '=™.''"T  on  tlio 


58 


dc; 


,        ,,..  ,,     ,        .  'Miilrics  fai  Ihc  VV.  f 

vl««.  Ot  iiarts  1,1  haly,  bciiiuaicy,  a.id  aiu'ic'iit  I'dand,  and  tiiu  wli 
Aotr.—Aii,lria«  /m/y  c-mlirac-rs  I.oiiil.ar.ly  unci  V.miIcc.,  ,ui,1  ia  ci,lli.,|  tl,,.  I.,i„,|,„r,l„.v 

cnihriic-c'B  llcihciiiiii,  Mciraviii,  Aii.-triic  iircinr,  the'  Tvrcil   lllvriii.  SIvn,.  ,„„l  .\  ,  .ri  V,  J  i"' ■•■••s^."."-    .-."-r™,,  .„™i„i,v 

kinsdua,  c,f  0-alicii.    The  y/„„^aWa„'.J„,,  iirc  llun,.ry;''ir™;yS:;a;i;'"d;:v;;i™"c™;ur  '"  '""'-■''  ""■ 

III  irli'i/ par/,,/ the  Aii^e,  iannn/iir,',,  Bohemia  I  (Jalic-ia  ?  Ti-ari»vlvai,ia  f  tli,.Tvri,l'     JV/„it  nr,,,-;,,,;:  I    -I 
(read  frciin  the  map)  iiii  Tcirkcn-  (  llii«Mn  .'  I'claid  '  I'riis.sia  I  Siiv„i,v  '  11,1  ..i,.  )  J   ■    '    i      ii  Hi""  '""'"■ 
m.Uv,o,u,,.,,,s  ,ri,,,r.^  iUr  Haii.ariaii  S s  fiZ^lalii'in  1    T  X"7  V^tr^ ^  , ,     "  t™   ha  v  7 


and  B„„e„.i„,  and  u,nu  ^io^-^i^!i'^^jj;:^Io:^::^:^::::tz:^ 
^Saii-^^^-ii-iiCsir^iil^lu^^rii^JS^ 


nELOILM.— H7i«/mKH/,v/ontlie\,  ?  E.?  S.  and  S.W.  ?     What  water  on  ilcc  \v  )     iiv/ 
lS,^^um  .read  IVci,  til,,  iiia,,)  l,or,l.r  n„  Fraare  I  (JcTiiianv  ?  Hc.lland  (  the  „  "/  '  '      "  '""  '""'■" 

\\  hilt  nvcT  Iniiii  !■  nineo  rcm.^  tliriumh  the  east  <.f  Beliiinm,  hv  .Vannir  and  Ura,-  intn  Hc.llniid  ?     Wl,„ 
from  |.  riMiee  niiis  tlimi,..!.  the  west  of  Uelduni,  by  Ghent  and  Aiitwc-r,,,  and  iiv  hi  i:  n  in    a  cT.    •  at  it 

W  hat ,.,  the  lace  of  the  ecu.itry  ?     Aus.  Generally  level,  with  Bum.!  hills  and  Ic^w  ,i,,„"m  "in,  in  the   S.l' 

PRUSSIA. 

f  c|iiiirc!  nnlc..«,  inii.OOfl.— Population,  14..")()0.000.— Pop.  to  «q.  m.,  137. 

1.  Prussia  has  risen,  in  the  last  1  j(t  years, 
from  a  small  stale  to  the  rank  of  one  of  the 
live  trreat  [xiwers  of  liinojie. 


HOLLATTD 
I BELGITTM 


.l| Loicjihitle  Kccsl  4I  fminCrfciwiilisI 


IS  the  lin.si.s  cil' the  kinndciin.  Kast  and 
liist  adilc'd;  Silesia  uii.s  tllen  wrested 
n,  licm  I'clancl ;  and  a  part  iit  I'liiiie- 
JSaximy  and  the  provinces  on  tlic 


'■i.  Braii'diMilmi 
West  I'nissia  were 
Irciiii  .\iisiiia:  I'cisi 
nriiia.  troni  Sweden. 
Kllilip  weri!  milled  in  IHl.'i, 

:i.  .\;,M'ieiiltiir('  and  niaiiuliietiires  flnnrisli.  espoeially  in 
Brainli.nlinrs.  Sih'sia,  and  the  pnivinic's  cit  the  lihine. 

4.  The  liiiir  L'reat  riviTs  are  nil  ii.ivii,,al,le ;  and  with  the 
I'jinals  liiaii  tile  Vis'tilla  to  llie  Oder,  unci  the  llder  to  the 
lillie.  liinii  extensive  clnmnels  cd'  inland  eciiiinierce. 

5.  The  niiiveisilies  cil'  Prussia  rank  with  the'  lirst  in  Kil- 
nipc.  and  iier  syslcMii  iil'  iciniiiiiHi  «c  iimd  .■dneaticm  is  re- 
garded liy  scmie  a.s  the  liest  in  the  wcirW. 

ntiu.is',  (ill  ilie  Spree,  is  tile  eapitnl  of  I'ni.wa,  the  sec- 
ond  city  (if  rJerinany  in  p(i]iuhiticHi ;  antl  in  lilenitnn;  and 
beanlilul  architecture,  one  of  the  iirst  in  ICnrope. 


:'liinre  mil,  ■ 


HOLLAND. 

ll.no.-Pcpiilation,  •J,.'i4.-,,(l0ll._P„p.  to  »q.  m.,  253. 

1.  Holland,  the  land  of  the  Dutch,  is  noted 
or  industry,  perseveranct'.  and  conimerce. 

likes  alcin;;  the  coast;  canals,  aliiicst  as  fre- 
ilies.  nclcnic'd 
ens  lent  tci  fcir- 
Iry  iiiid  lliril'l. 

lectilcie    cif 


'J.  The'  vast 
(inent  lus  rciacis  in  mher  hinds;  inniic-niiis  i 
with  splendid  eclilices;  and  hnnclreds  of  iniij 
eiiiners,  are  aincimx  the  I'riiit.s  of  Dnicji  indii.. 
rile  canals  in  winiiM-  present  the  livcl 


:t. 


men  and  wcnneii.    sonieiinie 


heads.  lra\c'lin:,' 


with   lieavv 


rapidly  cm  skates  fnini  vil 


y  spi' 

loads  cm  their 

we  to  villiifie. 


it.s  (irjran  with  snno  pipes,  aiai  its  trade  in  flowers;  l.rir 
den  (li'-(hi),  torn  nniversitv;  r'/r,rl,/  (vn'-trel),  for  a  niii 
versijy,  and  two  treaties  of  peace;  linrf.  for  llie  Sviicd 
which  ccinclenined  Anniiiianisin,  and  for  its  vast  Hoa'ts  of 
tinii,.,r  Ircim  .S;viizerlaiicl ;  Fhi.hiue.  as  a  naval  station; 
the  Ilelilrr.  as  the  lort  that  conilnalicls  the  ontnince  toZlly- 
der  Zee  ;  and  Tc.n-1  i.slaiid.  as  a  rendc'zvcms  of  Dutch  fleets. 
Q,mli,m.-\.  For  what  is  Holland  noted  ?  3.  Wlmt  th.-its 
ol  Dutch  industry  1.  ;).  What  in  said  of  the  canals  .'  t.  chief 
caiiiil  !  .-,  sod?  produc'ts?  (i.  i:ov,.riiment  ?  7.  reliLOon  ?  8.  colo- 
nies (     W  here,  and  for  what  noted,  the  Hague  .'  \e. 

BELGIUM. 

."nuiire  mil,.?,  15,.Vlc)._p„pu|„ti„„,  .|,a:io.O(lll._Pop.  to  eq,  m.,  330, 

1.  Beliriiim.  fertile  and  hitrlilv  eidtivated.  is 
the  most  thickly-settled  country  in  Europe 

•2.   I'or  several  cenliiric's  HeL-iiini  lias  lieeii  more  ll 


any  olln^r  cciiiilrv  ih,.  Iiatih.-L.nunicl 

:i.  The  Ucd^'ians  are  a  iiii.\ecl  peopj 

niirs,  III'  (ierniiin  oriu'in:  and   in  tin 

trench  oxtraclioii.  and  s|lell;^in^  the 


11  more  than 
if  Kiiropo. 

';  in  the  north,  Fkm- 
soiitli,  Wiiltoons,  ol 
nch  lan-zuaije. 


ap- 
ed 
the 


ll,rh«. 

Ilrrs'/nii.  on  the  Oder,  is  the  capital  of  Silesia,  and  the 
centre  of  its  tnule  and  iiianiificliires.     Kon'ii:s/i,re.  in  Kast 
I'riissia.  cm  the  I're^cd.  near  its  iiioiitli,  was  once  tin 
illl!  cd  the  whole  kill;;dciiii.     Jhint'zir.  on  the  west  iirill  cd' 
the  Vistula,  is  the  einporiiiin  of  I'olaiid,  and  11c, led  ll, 
export  of  whc'at.      C/.i^me  (kodone').  on   the    Hhii. 
noted  for  the  manufactiire  of  C'olci;,'n(!  water,   and  as  the 
ceiiire  of  irade  with  Holland. 

I'„l/d„in.  near  Elerlin,  is  one  of  the  resi,|,.|ices  of  the 
koiL'.  /•><(/i<;';,,/.,)n.//,,-r>,/,.,.  is  noted  for  its  fiirs.  Sf,r/i,i 
cm  the  ()cler,  is  the  port  of  lierlin.  M.ig'di-hurg.  on  tin' 
i:ilie,  IS  (MK^  (d'  the  slroii^vst  places  in   ICiirope.      Wii'i.n- 

'"■'■»■' ll"'  Hhie,  was  the  residence  of  Luther.     Ai 

(7o,/,c//(!(«is'da-slia-p(d').  nearlheliciiiierof  ll,di:iiini 
'I'll  s,i,  near  the  frontier  of  Hiissia.  are  noted  Icii 
ol  peace.     Hitl'lv.  in  Saxoiiv,  is  |j,oi,,iis  for  it 
and  Thiirn,  on  the  Vistnia,  lis  the  liirl 

(iuf^tiiin^ 


I    O,...,,    .v,,„.  ,„  /,„„„,„ 

canal,  ,'iil  iiiiles  lonf;,  fnim  Anislerdmn  tc 
iis  linished  in  lii-j.-,.  „[  „  ^.,„|  „(■  ^,-,.(i|i||  ymj 
iialiirally  Iciirren.  is  so  wcdl  ciilliMileii  il 
aide.  Ac.  are  lari:ely  c'xporii.cl. 
iveniinent  is  a  liheral  coiisiitnlioiiid  nioimrchv 
that  of  Great  Hriiain. 
vailiiit;  reliiiion  is  Calvinisni ;  liiit  all 


liiitte 


•1.    1  hey  exccd  in  iiianiificiiires  and  aCTic-nltnre.  and  are 
noled  tor  Ih,.  school  of  paintiim  called  the  Kleniish. 

In  lill.'i  li(di:niiii  and  Iloilaiid  toL-ether  foniieil  "the 

lom  cd  Ihc.  Ncdherlnncls."     In  lii:)0  licdfjinni  revolted, 

Is  now  a  new  kinydoin  iindc'r  t-eopohl  of  ,Saxe  Cobnri'. 

I,.    I  he  prevailiiii;  ivli-ion  is  Ihe  lioinaii  Catholic. 

nil  j ,    lliiLs  sKi.s.  the  capital,  near  the  centre  of  the  kingdom, 

I  IS  iHieaiiiiliil  I'lry.  and  iioi,.,!  ti,r  its  hic-e  and  raqiets; 

/,.  on  the  S,  hcddt  (.-k(dl).  the  einporlinn  of  nel. 


kin:; 
and 


.  ,       .    ,         ,  ,  .    ,  I  relifjioiis 

are  tolerated,  and  one  third  ol  the  people  are  Catliolic-s. 
«.  The  Dutch  have  colonies  in  S.  America,  West  Afric 
and  in  .lavii  and  otli,.r  Asiatic  isles. 

The  1Iaoi;r  (haif.-).  in^ar  the  coast,  the  capital,  is  inie 
the  haialsimiest  cities  in  I'.iirope, 

Aiii'.ilrrdiiiii.  the  lar^'est  1  ily.  cm  a  river  liet 
lake  and  Ziivder  Zee.  licnnc^rlv  the  lirst 


All/ 
^'iniii.  and  caic 
Ihc^    resilience 


e  einponinn  1 

city  in  ICiiriipe,  was 

and   other  eiiiineut 


hlilacc 


Ireatie*. 

nniversitv  : 

!  of  Copeniieus. 

For  what  is  Prussia  noted  1  3.  In  what  order 
«,  ,.■  the  parts  a,l,lc,l  '  ;i,  ,<i„|e  ,.l  aL-ri,'nltiii-e  and  iininiirac. 
tiire.s  !  4  c'oi,,in..rc,-  ?  .-,.  stale  of  education  I  Wi.ere,  and  liir 
whst  noted,  It.-rlin  '  Ac 


-1. 


en  Marie 
ininierciiil  cit\ 


Kiii'ope,  is  still  noled  liir  iM-al  wealth,  vasi"shii',^\'anls",' 
I'Milt  cm  i:i,OOI)  pih.s,  and  liir  canals  wliich  di- 


m  the  .Mouse,  is  the  .sei d  ciiv  in  connne 

//.icVrm,  on  Harlem  lake",  is  noted 


painters 
Ihe  l,\s 

r 


of  th 
and  : 


-4H/iftr;j. 
I'leinish  srhcHil,  niirni,  at  the  junction  of 
Sche  hit.  is  noled  for  the  tn.alv  la'-tween  tho 
Slates  unci  (i.  Itrilaiii  in  Kill:  M.rh'lin  (niek'liiil.  in 
liraleaiil.  lor  iis  Iiice ;  l.ii-ei\  at  the' junction  of  the  Oiirlho 
and  .Meiise.  |or  lire-arms  :  Sim.  near  t.iepe,  for  mineral 
Winers;  11  «7cn'cici.  near  Unis.sels.  for  IheL'reut  leattle  which 
decided  the,  fate  of  Ijireipe  in  itu,',;  To'iiniai/',  Mons,  &i:., 

'  die  I'rench  Iroiitier.  for  strcmf;  Icirlr.'ssos. 

Qiiisli„i,s.—  l.  2.  Keir  what  is  IledL-iuni  iiedeel  1  3.  Who  Bra 
the  Hcdiiians  .'  4.  state  of  the  arts  !  :..  re'ceiil  liistorv  1  ircnern- 
aieul  I  .;.  relinion  ?    Where,  and  tor  wlmt  noted,  Bmssels  '  An 


;  'll 


it 


if 


111 


'  ti 


QUESTIONS  AND  EXERCISES  ON  THE  MAP. 
ITALY. — What  cimiitni'S  rm  the  W.  nnrt  .V.  !    ]\'linl  urn  on 


.').   No  country   imt   allciciil   <ii"( 
iiiii'i(M)t  It.-ilv  ill  lilci'iirv  tiiiiii*. 


can   coniititro   with 


(lllKF.Clv—Wlint  country  on  tlip  \,  ?    Il7i,i/ s.v,  ,in  llii'  K. '  M.   Iliily  Iims  llic  lolticsl  mountain^,  nlo^l  hciiiiliful  phiius, 

oliliicS.  ?  OMtlicW.;   What  islands  ollllic  H-csl  ciiasi  '    What  tincst  clinialc.  anil  ricliol  soil  in  l.iiro|ic. 

,,      .,   ,        .,      .  ,        .,     ..  ,,.   ,    ,.-i    ►  ■    .1       1,  .       .M,,!,  ;    pciiinsaln  liaans  the  MiMlhi-rn  part  nl  (ii-ci .'   Ma.     What  two  |     j,,   ,i;ii,|iji,^,,  si  nlplnrc,   aii  hilcclnic,  ami    nm...ic.  Iho 

the  b  ?  on  the  .^.  !  on  the  .-  \\    !    U  hat  i»  the  shape  .  t  Hal.  l    ',  |^  ,       |„,  .^.    ^.,,,,  „,  ,|„,  .^,,„.,,„  ,     ,,v,„„  ^„|,  „„  ,|„.  ,.;.  si.ic.  ,,.,|:.,,„  ',.,,,  .a,  ,„,„,,,'  „„„i,,,.„, 

.1,1.,.  It  rcseinhlcs  a  hoot      W  Imt  tlirc,.corncr..il  islaml  a    the    ,        .„„.,|  |„„„  ,|,,  ^„,||„|  i,,.,,,,,,,,,  l,v  the  isllMiins  olCorinlh  /  "'"''""  '  ""  '"'  """  '  '"""""•• 
Mcof  llio  bunt,!      It/,,.-/,  ";"//.":■'."',  '""/''c,'  "l-i'"';;. ''^'■""I''  '■'         What  is  the  lace  of  the  eoniilrv  '    j,,..-.  The  Nhiiea  is  a  tahl 

'-anl.n-.a  Mil  Corsica!  the  Lipan  isles'  Malta        '*"' ■<''■""»    |„,„|.  „.ith  slopes  nn  eierv  siile  to  plains  on  the  cast.     There,,  .                     .             ,,.,■>••              ir- 

.vc/)'Wi.  Corsica  fmm  >aroiina  ?  Sicily  iron.  Itnlv?                        of  Greece  consists  HhcHV  ot  vallevs  surroiiiiae.l  hv  mountains.  I'.   I"    coinineive    llie    ie|iul.lics   ol    \  enice    nial    (.eium 

W  hat  inountfluis  Inrm  the  hnun'laiy  on  the  sale  nt  trance.,                                            •                 •  once  took  the  leail   in   Knrope,   liiit  this  ulory  kmg  silico 

8»-itzerlainl,  ami  Geriniiny  !     What  iir.uich  of  the  Alps  sliirts  '                                            ITALY.  pa.s.seil  ovcu-  to  llollanil  ami  IliiL-laml. 

tiie  ifulfol'Gem.a  ami  runs  S.E  to  the  south  extremity  nf  Italy  ?     ^  ^^^^^  __^.|      Hsoon.-Popalntiim,  l'l.HOO,oeo.-p..p.  I..  >q.  m..  IM.  7.   AiiricMlliiiv  llonrislies  in  Loiiilianlv  niiil  Tiiscnnv,  Imt 

What  river  ilram.s  the  wide  luaiu  between  the  Ahis  anil  .\|ieu-  ,      ,       .  ,  ,  ,'     i        i»  :,.,i „ ik.  :..;.,..  l...,.l... I  ^t..i.. 

liinc»?  chief  river  oITuseauy'  chief  river  simth  of  Tuscany  !    i        1.  Itulv  IS  llOtOfl   HS  the    Seat   ol    tile   lioHiaU  i'''l;'-iV^,  S™;:';'''.^, '",;'l '.\',':'':^^^^^^^^^^                       oroilnction,: 

(if  ilicst'  urtiik'S 


iilf  of  Frnnro. 

ITALY. 

.Square  miles,  llsoon.— Popalntiun,  I'l.sOO.OOO.— Pop.  In  fq.  m..  IM. 

1.  Itulv  is  nritofl  ns  the  seat  of  the  lloman 

/ycWn«c/o/-/^,/vi.sth^kin...h.n.ofS,mlini,a?^  Ollipire  MUcl  (if  ihf    I'opeS. 

two  (iufhie.s  on  tin"  cuast  <n  tlie  MeilitiTrain'iiii  .'  W'liiit  xwa; 
(liicliies  extend  iVom  tin*  AiiPiiiiinos  to  iho  I'o  ?  In  -.vliat  pfirt  1 
nt  the  kinurilmn  ut  Sunliiiin  is  Savoy  .'  In  wlmt  jiiirt.  Piodnionl  ?  j 
In  wlmt  ^runp  ul"  islumLs  is  pJti'ouilKjli.  the  liuninis  vuli-uiiu  / 


TrRKEY  IN'  l;rU(ll'F..— What  twocouiilries  on  the  N.  ? 
What  three  seas  on  the  K.  and.-^.H.  ?  What  country  un  the.-'  ' 
What  two  seas  on  llie  S.W.  .'  Wind  slfiii  ce«/ir,/«  the  Hhicli 
8ea  with  the  sea  of  Marmora?  the  sea  of  Marmora  with  the 
Arciiipelaiio  ]  the  Ailriatic  with  ih,'  Ionian  t  What  ii.  .iiiitains 
and  what  two  rivers  form  the  hoimdary  on  the  side  of  II  nu;aiy  > 
What  rivi'rs  on  the  side  ot  Uussiu  '. 

(live-  the  ireneral  luiliiu,'  ot  tin'  ninimtnins.  A<'^.  The  .Balkan 
or  HauniiM  ramre  enters  the  cmmlry  at  its  N.W.  conic-,  and 
runs  east  in  an  iircLoiIar  liiii*  to  cape  I!miueli  on  llie  Mlack  sea. 
it  throws  oil' in  its  ja-OLU-ess  two  ,'onsiderahle  hraiiclies  toi\'ird 
the  north,  one  dividiiiL'  llos'nia  Ironi  ."^ei-'un.  ami  the  olh.'r.  .-^i  r- 
viafroin  IliiL'a'ria;  an, I  iwolow.'trd  the  south,  one  dividiiiL'  .-M'- 
bania  from  |{,,iiine'lia.  nial  lie'  oilier,  lalied  the  llo.i'ope  mount- 
ains, crossin-,  lloiiiiM'lia  In  the  shores  of  ihe  Areliipeliii.'o. 

Give  the  eeneral  oiillin,,  iif  tile  rivers.  Aiis.  The  Dnniihe 
ilraios  the  provinces  .N.  of  llip  Mnlk.'in  monnlaiiis  ;  tin-  M^/ris's<i,  ,  '|„„,.„ny 

th istern|iarl  of  lloiinii'liii.  I„,|ween  th,'  liall-an  and  ilodope    p.irnni 

mountains;  the  I'tinhir'.  with  soiii,,  sninil.T  stn'anis,  ihe  western    Mn.l.im 
part  of  llouimdia;  and  the  /Irni  is  Ihe  clii,-f  river  of  Alh.ii.ia.        I. una 

Wlinl prr.rit:,;-  ,irpr!:ri:in^  ;r,-a,l  Irem  the  ninpi  '■,  '"Mv,  I'mtll    •-ii"  Mnraiii 
river  and  Car]iatliinii  innnntains  f   Daiiiihe  riv,,r  and  Carpalhian 


!{.   Silk,  olive-oil.  anil  wine  are  ihe 
anil  the  I'onniierce  is  i  iiietlv  an  e\ehanL;e 
for  niannfaelnres,  tisli,  ami  tropical  proiliice. 

fl.    The  lloiiian  Culllolie  reli^'ioii  nniversiilly  prevails. 

III.  liamlilli  infest  the  .\peiiiiiiies.  anil  phiniler  on  a 
L'l'eat  scale  lietueen  Koine  ami  Naples. 

II.  Sicily,  anciently  ihe  i;ialiary  of  Home,  is  tlie  most 
fertile  mill  l>e;tiitiliil  islanil  ill  Turope. 

I'J.  The  coast  between  Lei;lioni  and  Naplnn  enlVer.s 
much  troiii  inahiria.  or  the  Imd  air  of  the  inarslies. 

11!.  Italy  1ms  three  famoiis  volcanoes,  K/'iin.  in  Sicily, 
which  emits  its  tires  from  a  sninniit  coveieil  wiili  perpetii- 
:il  snow  ;    Vet^it'ihtn.  near  Najiles  ;    ami  Sfr'tiit'hi'li,  whose 


iiilmrily  tind  N'eiiice 
.S.'picp,  ur  the  Two  .■'ici 
."^iir.iinin 
,•^11111'^  1)1  r,;<,  t'liiiri-h  • 


Kinudoin  U^.'J'.n)  .i.uhmhki 

do.  II..VJ1    T.rO.MHIII 

do.  '.iH.HaO  4.i;ito.l>lin 

Popednni  llT.d.'ill  e.lllllMH") 

Gniii'liluvhyi  f.liilil  I.Iimmkio 

Dai'liy  '  '.Msll      l.-iil.oiKl 

do.  v;,(»iiii    nan, I  no, 

lie.  I       lln;      ll.VIll"! 


Il.pal.lie     I        l.'l|        7,.'iU0 

.  ,2.  The  prnml  fenliire  in  the  poliiical  coiiililiMn  of  Itulv  a 
ints,  !  Danube  and  Ilalkan  mtj.  !  Pave  rivi^r  and  Halkan  nits.  ;  |..^^,  ^.^..^^.^  ^■^^^^.^,  ^^..^^  n,,,  „,  ....^  Hehiiin^'  intlneiice  of  \iislria. 
Ualkaii  nils,  iind  Gieeet-  !  i  ,.t  "  ,. i  ..,,,. I,,t :,„>.„. ,.01,  ,„ I  i<>  I  M  w  t  the  s,.v,,iei,,nw  ,'.o/,„/,«(/. 

W'l  >  t  '     tl    .  1",      .      f  ll    >    >oni  tre  '        i  ii«     Mi  lln '\  i 'I    is    11  lid  1 1      llllt  It  U'lellt  I  e\  olill  loll  o,  i  111  1  eil  111  1  a  (.>.  ,11111  Itie  so\  i  I  ei:.'US 

liHin/i' WallVihiV^  and  Ba'lu'a'ria  coii.sist  of  ('xt'ensive  plains. :  of  most  of  the  llalinii  states  then  uninieil  their  jieople  Iivb  llaines  are  seen  at  ni-lit  lilii  miles  oil',  ami  have  flowed 
tml  the  iillier  proviiie,,.  ar,- .:;eii,ra!ly  rou^h  and   nil.iinnns     ilHlilntiolls.  .  mcessiinliy   lor  0(111(1  ye.irs. 


\4 


9$' 


r^ 


t4 


VJI7«H 


.M.1H.I1 


^% 


.'>S 


Ix'iuilil'iil  pl;tiu-s, 

liiiil    iim.-'ic,  Ilio 

inni|tiiro   willi 

ire  niui  frpiinn 
;I()iy  lung  sinco 

lut  Tusennv,  Init 

til'  proiltH'tiinit*; 
cif  ilicst'  urtick'S 

ully  prcvnils. 
I    plumU'r  on   a 

mi',  is  llif  most 

Niiplns   miiVers 
liir.slirs. 

K/'nii.  in  Sirily, 
J  willi  perju.'lu- 
'rom'/'uN.  wliiise 


ul  liuve  ylnwed 


ITALY,    TURKEY    IN    EUROPE,    AND    GREECE. 


67 


1 1.  Mnlta,  II  sniall  ialiinil  lii-lmiHin^!  I"  Grfiit  Britain,  is 
uoted  tor  lia  line  liarljur  aiul  .-.troMg  lintilications. 

CHIKF    TOWN?,  &C. 

SAnniNiA. — Tihtn',  on  tljc  I'd,  the  capital.  )»  a  licaiitifnl 
ami  htiMii^'  citv.  (irit'na,  Iiuilt  on  tin*  ilfcllvity  ot'  a  nionnt- 
ain  wliicli  liuir  cnciii'li'H  il«  liarlioi-,  was  llir  liirihplai-O  of 
('olninl)ns.  Alrsniin'ilriii,  lictwofn  (icniia  and  Tinin.  is  a 
Ktronj;  lity,  and  near  it  in  Marr.ii'nn,  fainons  tiir  a  fjrcat  vic- 
l<)rv  of  Honaparli*.  Sift;  (nrrss),  a  niaritinir  <'ily  on  tlio 
Kroncli  Itorder,  \a  a  iioteii  rcsiwt  of  (^nL'iish  invalids. 

LoMUAumi-VENKTiAN  KLN(iiioM. — .l///V(/i.  llic  I'apitid.  iicar 
the  wi'Strrn  frontier,  ia  noli'd  lor  its  splriulid  catliudnil. 


I  TfsrAsv. — 
1  one  ol"  the  tinf 
!  ))aintiii^'s  and 
I  tower,  11)0  let 
l.tf^'horu,  as  I 


M)!iin  t'nilinlnil. 

V^n'irp,  finre  the  greatest  eoinniereial  <'ity  in  tljo  world. 
iH  built  on  TQ  low  island-s.  and  at  a  distance  seems  to  Hoat 


r.  ■;.■•. 
on  tlie  sen.  }*'iiitin,  nenr  \'enire.  is  noteil  tiir  its  universi- 
ty; Verunn.  on  llie  \dii.'e.  liir  ihe'laru'est  aniphillieatre  in 
the  world,  exeept  tin'  (''>liseinii  at  Home;  Mr/nluii.:i^  the 
Iiirth|)lae«  ol'  \'ir^'il ;  and  Lu  <li,  tor  one  ot"  ilonapartf-'.s  great 
victories. 

SiATtis  OF  THF  rmm  n. — Uo^I^^  on  the  Tiher.  tnicient- 
ly  the  capital  ol"  the  Itoinan  empire.  :oid  still  the  capif.-d 
ot"  the  [lopes,  is  noted  t"or  its  temples,  eoliimiis.  ai'dles. 
palaces,  iMiil  other  moniinients  ol"  splendid  arctiiteetnre. 
ainoii^  which  are  the  C'n/tsr'um.  a  vast  fmiphitheatro  linilt 


Ki,oK'KS(  K,   on  the   Anio.   the  capital,  and'      1).  The  Turks  practise  polyfjamy,  eat  with  their  lingoia 
St  cities  in  Knrojie.  is  noted  Tor  its  gallery  ol"    instead  ol"  forks,  dress  ir.  loose  and  tlowiim  robes,  wear 
scfdptnre  ;    Pi'sti    (ptr'-za),   tiir    its    leanitlL' |  turbans  insteiul  of  hats,  sit  cross-lej.'i.'ed  on  iiial.^.  are  great 
t  hi^'haiicl  II  feet  trom  a  perpenilicniar ;  and  ,  opinm-smokers,  and  treat  Christians  with  contempt, 
he  lirst  commercial  city  in  Italy.  !l.  The  soil  is  aenerally  feilile  and  the  climate  delii'htfnl, 

but  afiricnllnre,  maniiliicHires,  and  commeice  lalifjni.-h  un- 
iler  the  oppressive  exac'tions  of  the  despotic  L'overnnient. 

Id.  The  Turkish  army  is  a  mere  rulilde  of  brave,  irregn- 
l.ir  troops,  wholly  uiilit  to  war  with  disciplined  soldiure, 

CossTANTisopLK,  the  capital,  built  on  seven  hills,  on  the 

Rosphoms,  which  here  tiirms  a  tine  iuirbor.  appears  mag- 

iiilicently  at  a  little  distance,  the  ;,'iMed  domes  anil  elegant 

.iiiiniiretH  of  its  .'tllll  nioKipies  ri.~ing  every  where  from  the 

lioMim  of  beautiful  frroves;  but  on  enteriii!;.  a.s  in  oilier 

Turkish  cities,  yon  find   tin-  streets  narrow,  crooked,  and 

I  ill-paved,  and  the  houses  low  and  gloomy.     The  most  no. 

led  public  buililiuL's  are.  the  Mns'/ue  of  Si'.  Snphiii,  the  finest 

in  the  world,  inid  the  Seraglio  (se-nil'-vo').  an  a.ssembliigo 

of  palaces,  inhabited  by  Ihe  sultan  and  liis  court.      Tlio 

\  city  often  suflt-rs  from  ilesolating  fires  and  from  the  plague 

I      A'/rianii'plr.  on  the  .Marissa,  is  the  second  citv  in  popu- 

;  lation,  and  Siilimi'rn  (iinciently  Thessalon'ica).  <ili  the  gulf 

,of  .Salonicii.  is  the  second  citv  in  commerce.     Snjilii'u,  at 

j  the  foot  of  a  pass  in  the  lialkan  inonntains.  on  the  rtiad 

from  Constantinople  to  liel^'rade,  is  the  rendezvous  of  the 

Turkish  army  in  wars  with  .\nstria  or  Kiisi.ia.     Flrlgrmle 

is  a  strong  town  on  the  Danube,  and  the  key  to  Hungary. 

;  Wid'din,  Sirnp'oli,  Ruta'rhuk,  and  Silh  frin,  a  chain  of  for- 

I  tresses  on  the  Danube,  fonn,  with  Belgrade,  the  bulwark 

,  of  tile  Turkish  empire. 

Qiifsfiniis. — 1,  For  whnt  is  tlio  Tarkish  empire  notnil  ?  2. 
j  government  ?  title  of  the  eijipernr  ?  :j,  iiiinie  of  the  prime  niiiiis- 

ter?  ofthecoiirt  !     What  is  the  illiil>i  (     Wljnt  lire  paclins  ?  4.5. 

history  of  Ih,- Turks  !     <i.   What  prowiices  merely  tribiitaiy  /  7. 

rcli-iiiiii  ?  ,-.  inaiiiiers  and  customs  of  the  Turks  .'   I>.  soil  ?  cli- 

mate  ,1  state  of  the  arts,  kv.  !  10.  amiy  I  Where,  aail  for  what 
!  noted,  L'uiiitaiitiiiupio  ?  Ac. 

GREECE. 

Sqiiarn  milop,  lO.iK)*).— Poimlation,  ?10,000.— Pop.  to  eq.  m.,  PO. 

1.  (Ireece  is  famous  in  history  for  the  iiighest 
excellence  in  litoriitiu'e  nnd  tlie  line  arts. 

U.  The  Kiicit'iit  (Jn-rk  [KKts.  pliilosnplu'is,  histnriniis.  anil 
nnilors.  and  the  remains  ot"  (ireiian  archilecture  ami  ftculp- 
Uire.  are  stnilieil  a.s  miuiels  hy  all  xlinlars  ami  arli.'-l.-*. 

:i.  Till-  litlle  repnhlics  (if  Greece,  more  ihan  iiOUO  years 
ago,  vanqnishi'd  the  iMii:htiest  ai'niies  ol' tiie  Kaat.  in  liberies 
of  liatlles  the  most  womierfnl  that  history  t?ver  reeorileil. 

■I.  After  liaving  heeii  tor  eetilnrie.'*  in  tlie  Io\ve.-t  stato 
of  liegradation  nmler  the  Tnrks,  (Jreete  revolted  in  ID','!, 
and  is  now  a^'nin  indepenih'iit. 

.').  Th*'  i:overnment  is  a  roiistittitionnl  monarchy,  and 
I'rinee  (  Uho.  of  lta\  aria,  is  the  lirst  kin^'. 

0.  A;irienllnre  and  the  arts  are  still  in  a  rude  state;  but 
nayii:ation  is  jirosetnted  with  irreat  aeliviiy,  the  Greeks 
heiiiL:  the  best  siiilors  in  the  Medileiranean. 

7.  The  seven  losrw  Isr.AMis.  viz..  Cur/u'.  Pax'o,  Sf. 
yfd'i  tit.  [//>', ini,  Ci  phiili)  uiii,  Zau  h\  and  Ceri'go,  arc  u  re- 
piilWic,  under  the  pi-utection  of  (ireat  Britain. 

Ath'f.ns,  near  the  sjnif  of  Ki:ina.  the  rnpital  of  modem 
fireeee,  was  the  niosl  renowned  citv  of  antiqnily  for  phi- 
losopliy,  eloipteiice,  poetry,  ami  the  jine  arts. 


Florence. 
SMAt.r.  Statk".  Sic. — Modi-.'na  is  the  enpitnl  of  the 
Duchy  of  Miidena.  Cdrni'ru,  in  Modma,  is  tiniiouH  Hir 
hue  marhte;  Vartna,  capital  of  the  Duchy  of  Tarnia,  for 
tine  cheese  ;  Aj>trrio  (ayat'-cho).  in  (.'orsica.  il-^  lionaparlif's 
ltirth|)lace,  and  tin?  island  of  Llba  us  the  place  of  lii^  exile 
aller  Ins  first  overthrow. 

Qifistions. — 1.  Fiirwiintis  Italy  iintefl  1  2. present politiciilcnn- 
(lition  .'  :i.  imturwl  features?  1.  r/ink  in  the  tine  arts  f  Ti,  in  liter- 
nturu  ?  (j,  in  (■oiniHei-ce  .'  7.  in  uuTicaltarc  nad  iaihiwtrv  tieiierully  ! 
H.  proiluctious  -'  exports  1  iiii[ioits  .'  '.K  rcliL'ion  ?  to.  W/int' is 
.s-./(,/ofl)iimlitti  '  11.  ol  Sicily?  Ivi.  ofnmlariii  ?  in.  of  volcanoes  ? 
11.  Maltu  /     Where,  ami  lilr  wlmt  iiutcil,  Home  .'  \c. 

TURKEY  IN  EUROPE. 

Pqunre  milcf,  IKI.UU.— I'dpiilatinn.  HMMKMKK).— I'lip.  to  sq.  m.,  .'').'>. 

1.  The  Turkish  empire  embraces  parts  of 
Mnrojie,  Asia,  and  Africa,  and  is  the  most  pow- 
erlul  of  the  Moiiammedan  conntries, 

V" 


Grand  Siii;niur.  A  foinmnn  'I'urk.  Mufn. 

2.  The  <'niperor  is  an  ahwdute  despot,  and  is  style 
Su/taii,  or  (iftiufi  SriiTttinr. 

'3.  The  prime  minister  is  called  the  (}rnn<l  Viiirr, 
the  court  of  tliir  sultan,  Ihe  l*urft\  or  Suhlunv  Porfe. 
Mit//t  is  the  chii'f  interpreter  of  the  law,  and  ranks 
in  iliL'nily  li»  the  >nltan.  (iovermprs  of  provinces  are 
ed  Pnrlms  or  /^/.vA///r.«,-,  and  are  of  three  ditVerenl  rank.- 
noted  hv  the  immliLM'  iif  liurses'  tuiU  on  iheir  standard; 


X  the 

,  and 
'J'he 
ne\t 
call- 
I.  lie- 


\ilii- i.'i',  or  .\mf'liillt<<l>r,    nj    i':sju!^ui;i. 

for  the  comhatH  of  gladialors  atui  of  wild  iiea.st.s;  .SV.  Pr- 
fer^a  Church,  the  mipst  mnL'niticenl  eilitici-  of  nupiierii  times; 
and  the  yafinin,  ,i  vast  palace  of  tin'  pope,  containin^x  the  i 
most  vjiluahle  lihrarv  in  ilurope,  aial  the  (ine^t  works  of  | 
Raphael  and  Michael  .\ni:eIo.  ] 

holo^uit  (ho-lnii -V!»).  near  tin'  ntu-theni  Iiorder.  the  m»e- ' 
ond  city  in  tin*  pope's  tlominions,  is  noieil  tor  its  university 
and  scluio!  of  paintiriL':   Aiiro'mt,  on   the   .Xdriatic,  t'or  its 
litu'   hmhor;  Sun  Miiii'tui.   north   of  .\nrona,  as  a  small, 
indepemlent  republic,  under  tin*  jMolection  of  the  pope.       ; 

TiiK  Two  Sieii.iK^. — .NAfM,FS,  tile  capital  of  the  kinijdom, 
ond  hirf£e.st  city  in  Italy,  is  noted  tor  its  heautilul  hav,  its 
Hwarms  of  bei:i:ars,  ami  its  vicinity  (7  mih-H)  to  Meant 
Vesuvius,  the  tiimons  volcano,  and  to  Ih  tmhi  n'  um  ami 
Pompi'ii  t  poin-pa'-i").  which  were  bui'ieil  mider  the  lava 
Udd  a-^hes  of  \esuviu.<,  nearlv  1!H)(1  years  auo. 

I'At.Fu'Mo,  ill  the  N.W.  of  Sicily,  is  the  capital  nnd  Inri:e.'*t 
citv  on  the  islatul  :  \l>ssi  //<;,  in  ihe  \.i:.,  i^  iioh-d  for  enii). 
merce  ;  S_'/r'iirnsr,  in  the  S.K.,  lor  ancieril  power  ami  splen- 
dour; .\ftiisii'/fi,  ill  ihe  \V.,  lor  wiin",  Cittn' nitt,  at  the'  foot, 
of  Mt.  Illna.  tor  i'in-tlii|uakes;  and  (t/nni'.'-i,  on  Ihe  strait 
whirli  ciJMiieetH  the  Adriatic  widi  the  Ionian  (*en,  for  it--* 
i'nst|p<). 


.1  i-d.hu  of  J/ni,    i.iu.-. 

■1.  Tlie  Turks  nre  of  tiie  Tartar  race,  ori^'inallv  frnni 
Central  Asia,  and  were  at  the  heiiiht  of  (heir  power  in  the 
l.'uh  ami  u;t!i  centmies.  wiieii  they  captnreii  Cuuslanlino- 
ple,  and  snhilneil  liarharv,  ll^-ypl,  and  Western  Aiithii 


.1.  1  or  two  cenlnries  they  liave  hei-iuleiliniri','.  (ireece 
has  recently  revolted  ;  Marliary  is  no  Iuiilmu-  tributarv  ;  and 
Ku-ypt  is  helii  in  only  nominal  •.ubjeciifui. 

':.  Mol-ia'via.  Walia'ciiia.  and  Servia.  arc  merelv  trib- 
utary provinces  governed  by  their  own  nrttu'es;  and  the 
pachas  of  the  Asiatic  |H'ovinces  often  revt>it. 

7.  The  Turks,  tlie  ruliuL-  people,  are  Mohammedans: 
hut  the  tnajority  of  ihi'  iahahilant^  aretinek  and  -\rmeiiian 
(hrisiiaus. 


/  /ii  .irroiuili.1  nt  .-iffwi.-i. 

Il/.hii,  on  a  little  rocky  i>land  olV  the  promontoiT  be- 
tween the  i,'ulfs  of  K-jina  and  Napoli.  is  noted  tlir  niarilime 
enterprise  aial  coura^'e.  the  exploits  ot  her  >ailois  Ijeing 
tlie  chief  L'iory  of  (ireece  in  tlie  iate  war  witli  the  Turks. 

N'i/-'o/(.  on  tile  ^Milf  of  Napoli.  is  noted  for  tlie  best  port 
in  the  Morea ;  Xnrtni  no.  tiir  the  rlesliuction  of  tiie  Turk- 
ish fleet  in  lilOr  by  llie  combined  i:iiiili>h.  French,  and 
Hu>>iau  sipiadnms.  Putms  ,  the  stronyhokl  of  the  (ireek.-*, 
atui  Mtssulfh  I'ht,  the  stron^jhold  of  tlie  Turk.s  durin^f  iho 
late  war,  are  both  on  the  ^ulf  of  I'atras. 

Qvf.ottons.—X.  For  whnt  istjrcreo  noted  .'  V.  Whnt  evirlenre 
of  her  superiority  f  If.  For  wlint  else  was  iincicat  (ireece  fa- 
llinas  \  4.  Wlmt  receiit  pnliliciil  chmiL-e  f  Ti.  i:i'\  enaiient  .'  )i. 
stiiteuf  iiL'riiullui-c  tunl  (he  ruts  .'  laiv  iL:ii(ion  }  7.  Which  nn-  the 
lour  tnrL'i'st  of  the  hiiiiim  islamls.  imd  what  is  the  ^overnim'nt  ^ 
Whi'i-e    ntid  lor  wl  ;ii  not.'d    .Mli.-ns  '   Ac. 


QUESTIONS  AND  EXERCISES  ON  THE  MAP. 
ASIA. —  \]%il  iiiniH  nil  llie  N.  !  on  tlm  E.  I  on  the  S.  '  Wlmt 
rimlitries  (in  tlie  W. .'  mml  sriis  brhn-en  Asia  ami  Kiiniiif  ]  A  sin 
niid  AtVii'n  ?  Wlint  live  sens  u-axli  the  enst  euiist  !  wlint  L'leiit 
liny  ami  «ea,  (hn  sciutli  i-onst  '.  What  eiilf«  "pen  into  the  Arnliinn 
sea  ?  Wlmt  mills,  intii  the  China  sen  ?  What  strait  nepnrates 
Asia  fniin  Ajiierien  '.    What  istlnniis  eoiineets  it  with  Al'rien  .' 


kii  ?  ('nmbiidia  ?  Irnwaihly  ?    Onni-es  ?    Indus?    Eilphrates '— 
Wlmt  two  Ini-Ko  seas  witiiniit  any  nutlet  in  the  western  iinrt 
III  Asia  '.   Cn.,  Al.    What  L-reat  river  eni|ities  iuto  the  Caspian  ' 
What  twd  Inrue  rivers  I'mptv  intii  the  sea  iif  Aral  < 
What  is  the  face  iiltlie  enu'iitrv  '    Ans.  Level  in  Siheria,  Clii- 

im,  MlniliKiatau,  ami   lmle| lent  Tartarv,  with  a  lliu'h  table 

loii.l  m  Cenlrul  Asin.     The  tnblelnnil  is  interseeleil  hv  InOv 


rr-,       ,  II,  It.        1  .   .. liiunT-umu     m     IIIlt-rNITI  eU     l)\      i(  H 

t\  linlriimilri/  l,t'tiivi-n\\\:-\ii_;\  sea  and  Pertinu  trull  f  Persian  [  imiuntuin  rain-es,  which  extend  into  Kanitsehatk     'u  tlieN.l' 


(.'ulfniiil  lllaek  Ri'n  ?  I'ersinii  i;iilf  and  Cnspinn  sea  ?  Aral 
sea  and  Day  iif  Ilenaal  >.  Hay  nf  Hen-«1  ami  China  sea!  What 
empire  euverg  all  the  nnrtli  part  ol  Asia  .'  Wlmt  empire,  the  een- 
tral  ami  east  parts  (  WImteniiiitry  between  the  Chinese  empire 
and  Cas|iian  sea  >.    What  islands  east  nt'the  sea  nlJapan  ! 

Wlnt  are  the  priiiei|ial  mnnnttiin  etiains  ?  Ati».  A  rauL'e, 
nnnied  in  dill'erent  |mrts  Thki-ns,  Kllmrz.  IlimliM  Kitosli,  and 
llimmnl.h,  ri.iis  IVnni  the  Mediterranean  nearlv  to  tin-  Paeilie; 
and  amither,  the  MUii/  (under  the  names  of  .<avanskcii.  Yaliliiii- 
nov,  .Staiiovoy,  i.\:e.|,  after  forminir  Tor  some  distanee  thi'  IkiuihI- 
ary  hetween  the  ilnssian  and  Chinese  empires,  niim  nearly  to 
Behrini/'B  straits.  Between  these  ranu'es  are  the  parallel  ehiiins 
of  Kiiriiluii  and  7V(m«-c'i«)i.  while  on  the  iHirders  iif  Kunipenre 
till'  I'ml  chain,  between  the  Ari'tie  ocenn  and  (;uspiiui  sea,  and 
the.  r::::,::siis.  l),.twr-i'n  the  r.ri..piari  and  Blaek  seas. 

^^'lmt  three  uTeat  rivers  empty  into  the  Aretir  ocean?  What 
four,  into  the  Pacilic  ?  What  four,  into  the  Indian  ?  In  or  near 
what  ciiiiniry  dn  the  IhmnL'  ho,  \i«n  kn,  Cnmbcidiii.  Iniwaddy, 
Oances,  and  Indus  rise  ?    Whicli  unu  ruiinUr  Iloanpho'  Kisil- 


Farther  India  in  the  !~.E.,  ami  Tiirkev  in  the  W. 

/«  n/i,ii  :onr  in  Turkey  '  Persia  '  llindcsistaii  ?  Farther  In- 
ha?  Arabia  I  Independenl Tartarv  >  Alldinnistaii'  the  Chinese 
.'iiipire  7  Japan?    Is  any  part  of  Asii-  in  the  frigid  zone  I 


mountain 
IT  pint 


IIT-.'^SIA  IV  ASIA  OR  Sllii:ill.\.-Wl,atncean.mth, 

);.['"'  "■' "II  'li''   '■■    '      ^\'h!it  iinrls  of  the   Pacilic  oci'mii  ' 

\\  hat  country  on  the  ,■<.  .'  What  coiiiitrv  on  the  S.W.  »  What 
niiiunlnins  sr/mmlv  ,l  fr„„i  Kurope  <  'What  inoiintailis,  Irum 
the  (  liinese  empire  ]     What  slriiils,  fnim  Aincricn  \ 

Which  are  the  thiee  -rent  rivers  of  Sihcria  \     tin  what  lake 
live  the   Itiiriits  '     On  what   coast,  the  .-^anaiieda  ? 
coast,  the  Tchutchi  ,'     Where  is  Kalntschntkn  <. 


Oe 


•N'.? 


vhnt 


CmXESK  EMPIKR.-What  cnnntn-  mi  the  N.  '  What 
sens  on  the  jC.  \  What  counliics  on  the  S.  '  Wbal  c,imiti-v"n 
the  \\  .  ?  W  hilt  niiiiiiilniiis  acjuirntc  it  from  lliissia  (  \Vlmt 
inounlnins,  from  Inilia  .'     What  sen,  from  .lupsn? 


oiifhiui  of  the  moiiiitaiiiH,  Ana.  The  Alinii  clmin 
runs  nIdiiL'  the  north. 'rij  border,  and  the  Himmtihh  aldn(;  the 
soiilliern  Imrder,  The  Kuenhm  ami  'n„in  rhiiii.  two  parallel 
chains,  run  fnaii  wesi  to  iMist  thiouudi  the  heart  of  the  empire  ; 
and  the  llrhuii-.  alonu- the  western  Isirder,  unites  these  two  chains. 

Describe  the  yreiit  rivers  with  reference  to  tin 
chains.  .!«.«.  The  Kinn-Kii  drains  the  caslcni  and  t 
III  the  valley  lietween  the  lliiniimleh  and  Kiien  lini;  the  Ihiainf- 
/<",  the  easlcni  and  uT.Miter  [inrt  ofthe  valley  belwcen  iheKiien- 
liiii  and  Thiiinclmii;  iiiid  the  Aiiiimr.  Ihe'eiislcni  anil  ereatcr 
part  of  the  valley  belween  the  Tliian  cliiiii  and  Altny. 

In  wlint  part  of  tl niiiire.  and  on  what  riveiv,  is  China 

Proper  '.  In  wlial  part,  lind  between  what  mountains,  Thibet  ? 
In  what  part,  and  bi'twecn  what  seas.  Corea  .'  In  what  part, 
Chinese Tiiilary  .'  ///  irhal  /iiir/  i,f  Cliinr^r  Tniliini  is  Mandjlhu- 
riu  /  (.■aaliLoir?  .Monijolia  f     Wliere  is  the  ijreat  desert  of  Cohi  ? 

IM)KPK\I)F,NT  TAHTAIIY.-Whnt  empire  on  the  M.  ? 
on  the  K.  >.     What  connlrics  on  the  .<.  >     What  sen  on  the  W,  ? 

n'hal  m-jiiii/fiiiiy  x,'/,iinilr  ,1  fnim  .\tL-\ islioi'  In  mi  Ihc  Chinese 

empire  !  What  ercnt  sea  in  the  interior  '  Wlinl  river  enters 
tins  sen  lit  tl.,.  N  !■;.  comer  >     What  river,  at  the  .-^.W,  cc.riicr  ' 

What  IS  llle  face  of  the  coi -y  .'      .!«.«.   A  vast  plain.  kiw.C 

Ihari  the  level  of  the  iK-eaii,  fertile  near  the  linnks  of  the  tvn. 
u'reat  rivers,  but  clscwber.-,  IVom  wimt  of  water,  alimisl  a  desert 

f  >ii  irhiil  nm-  IS  /l„  kiiiu'iloM  ,,t  l\uihm-m  f  of  Khiva  !  oIKnon- 
litxiil  of  Kokan  >    In  what  part  off  arlaiy  the  K  iifiiis  Tnrtnrs  ? 


Jffl 


ST"" 


--■^s 


;    as 

^1 


i'lu'  Ahnji  I'liain 
miihh  iiloiif.'  tho 
'///,  two  imrullel 
t  tii'  tilt'  empire  ; 
licHc  twoi-Iuiina. 
0  tilt-  luoiintaiii 
1111(1  Lri'iitiT  pint 

lull  ;  lllf  Uuan'jr- 

\\  I  I'll  iIk'  Kut'ii- 
vr\\  1111(1  meiiter 
Altiiy. 

rivt'iv,  is  Chirm 
iNtiiins. 'ritihct  ? 
Ill  wlitit  pari, 
nrii  is  Miindjiliu- 
Lilest'il  lilCubi/ 

pirc  on  Ilic  X.  ? 
wfimri  thf  W.r 

Vniii  tlltl'liJiU'Ki' 
lull  river  eiitiTH 
.■  S  W,  ri.rn.T? 
list  pliiiii.  lowti* 
nks  ol'  lilt'  twx 
iiltniist  II  (li'Si-rt 
vlii\  II  ,'  ol  Kiiiin- 
lirL'iiis  'rnrtiirs  ? 


ASIA.    RUSSIA    IN    ASIA,    CHINESE    EMPIRE,    AND    INDEPENDENT    T  A  R  T  A  R  Y.       fiO 


ASIA. 

Sqiinrc  uiilvR,  l.'l.TOn.lKW.— I'cpul.ilioii,  :illO,0(IO.Ofl().— I'np. to »q.  ni.,i.'5. 

1.  Asia  is  the  largest  iiiul  mf)st  populous  of 
tlie  grand  divisions  of  tlie  globe. 


Couiitnsfl. 

1  Hq.  MiIm. 

Fupulntion.  . 

fj.  ni. 

RH.jtion. 

Hurtrtiii  in  Awift  - 

:.,i(n).o(M) 

7,()*KM)0()] 

1 

(irrck,  I'lwan,  &c. 

riiiiii'Me  Empin> 

5,-]IN},(XX) 

lW),OlKI,U(N) 

:v> 

JtotxiliiHin,  i;<-. 

InilrjH-'nilt'ntTitrtHry 

700,(«X) 

7.IHX),IKHI, 

10 

MtilminniL'duniitm. 

Jtipnn 

IW.IHHI 

I-J,()(H),IHX), 

1(M> 

Huo.lliisni,  iVt'. 

'I'lirkcy  in  Aflin- 

■i:,(i.(KK) 

l'-',(HKMIiH)| 

'SI 

AntliiH 

'1.{H)0.()(HI 

lO.lHKIIHKI 

II) 

•  111. 

INfrtia 

-IHIMHK) 

1-J,(MH),(XH): 

ilii. 

AtuliiinLit.mund'looc 

-ir>1),IKH) 

I(M)IHMKM) 

'iZ 

Mohiiin.  imd  nraiiiii. 

IliiiiluDfitiin 

1,1()U,(NHI 

l'..'(M)IK)IMXI 

lit) 

Ilialiin.  ami  HoihIIu 

Furtlit.T  Imliu   - 

UOO.IXX) 

^.U'KX'.UlWj 

ill 

Bdodli.  uiiil  liriilun. 

2.  It  ciiiiliiins  oiui  tliinl  of  tin-  liiiid  sinliuo,  iiml  iii()n> 
tliiiu  OIK)  Imir  the  iiiipiiliilidii  of  tlir  caitli. 

3.  The  dense  popiiliilion  is  iliirlly  in  Cliiiiii  iuul  India. 
Silii-rin  and  Turtiiry  are  lliiiily  inliuljited. 

4.  Asia  wan  the  cnuUe  of  llio  Ininian  rare.  Here  the  ailt 
rested  after  tlie  Hood,  and  here  was  tlie  tower  of  liiiljel, 
built,  vvlieu  all  iiieii  spoke  one  liiiif,'ciiif;e. 

5.  Asia  wa.s  the  theatre  of  nearly  all  the  preat  events  re- 
corded in  tho  Dilile.  Here  our  Savior  was  boni,  lived, 
and  died  ;  and  here,  rliiellv,  his  Apostles  labored. 

(i.  In  /V.sia  originated  all  the  wich'-spread  relif,'ioii8,  .In- 
ilaisin,  Christianity,  Mohainniedanisni,  lloodhisni,  \e. 

".  The  f-'overnnieiits  are  (,'oiierally  absolute  despotisms. 

!i.  The  .X.siaiics  are  noted  for  transinittiii;;  their  in.stitii- 
tioiis,  iiianners.  and  iisapes.  tnialtered,  froni  iiu'i'  to  aue. 

!).  The  Western  .\siatiis  wear  Imij.'.  Ilowinj;  robe.s,  hir- 
bans  instead  of  hats,  and  .sandals  instead  of  sliia^s. 

10.  They  aro  fond  of  poniji,  and  of  a  display  of  jewels 
on  their  persons,  and  tlii'ir  military  lueoiitreinents. 

11.  In  their  writing's  the  Orientals  use  a  highly  figura- 
tive style,  abounding  in  e.\lrava;;aiit  hyperbole. 

VI.  The  beard,  over  all  Western  ,\sia,  is  allowed  to  grow, 
and  is  regariled  with  reverence. 

LI  I'olygriiiiy  is  general  in  \Vesteni  and  Sontheni  Asia, 
luid  the  feiniUe  sex  are  in  a  very  degiiided  state. 

f^w.</w«.«.— l.Forwliatis  Asiaimteil  ?  a.extent  ?  iiopulntion? 
ri.  What  parts  are  most  popiiloas  .'  4.  Ihm-  h  Asm  riiiiiiriinl 
with  eilriy  liistorv-  (  .'>.  with  Itihle  history  .'  li.  reliuiciiis  ?  T.  fov  ■ 
eniinents  '  H.  insiitutioiis  and  iiiiniiiei-R  }  n.  10.  dress  .'  11.  writ- 
iiigs  ?  1 -J.  beard  ?  la.  eoadilion  iit  f  iiiides  .' 

RUSSIA  IN  ASIA. 

1.  llussia  ill  Asia,  or  Silioria.  is  !ui  .ilinost 
unbounded  expanse  of  level,  I'rozen  desert. 


3.  Tho  rortiigue.se  formerly  tnuled  here  exteiisiv<dy,  and 
niado  many  eonvert*  to  Christianity,  but  wero  iinally  ban- 
islietl,  aiifl  the  new  religion  was  suppressed. 

'1.  No  ICiiropeans  are  now  allowed  to  visit  tho  empire  but 
the  Diileli.  and  they  ouly  at  a  single  iioint. 

.').  Houdhisni,  introduced  from  China,  prevails  extensive- 
ly ;  but  a  native  (iirm  of  idolatry,  called  Siiito,  is  the  relig- 
ion of  the  mass  of  the  people. 

(i.  The  dairi,  the  spiritiial  head  of  the  .Sinto  religion, 
fonnerly  h<'lj»ab,s.ihite  civil  |iowi'ri  but  the  ciibo  now  rules, 
and  pays  merely  nominal  reverence  to  the  dairi. 

.Ikd'do.  the  capital,  on  the  east  coast  of  Niplion,  is  one 
I  ol  the  most  |iopuloiis  cities  in  the  world.     Mcn'co,  farther 
south,  is  the  resilience  of  the  dairi,  and  chief  seat  of  liter- 
ature.     Atinf;asnk'-i,  on   Kiiisiu  island,  is  the  only  port 
which  Kuropeans  are  allowed  to  visit. 

Qimlinva. — I.  What  is  romiirised  in  Japan  7  a.  What  does  it 
reseiiilile  ?  11.  117;,//  m  aaiil  nl  tlie  Portuiniese  >.  4.  Dutch  /  ,'i.  re- 
li^'ion  (  «.  goveruinciit  ?     Where,  &.C.,  Jeddo  ?  &.c. 

CHINESE  EMPIRE. 

1.  The  Chinese  empire  is,  next  to  the  Rus- 
sian, the  most  extensive  on  the  glolie,  ;ind  lius 
a  greater  population  than  any  other. 


I  ft:ii,n,ii  unit  (Invs  III  hiniic^rliiil/ul. 

'J.  The  rivers  run  so  conveniently,  that,  except  a  few 
short  portnges,  there  is  a  eoiiliniied  iiavigalile  line  across 
the  country  from  l.urope  to  the  Pacific  ocean. 

Note. — Tilt!  nmtc  of  merrhnnls  is  liovvn  the  Tolxil  niid  Irti«ii  to  tlic 
Oliy ;  up  the  Oliy  iiiiil  tlie  Ki't,  iiiid  liv  »  sliort  porunir  Id  ViiM.j|.i...k  on 
the  Veiii.«ei ;  ii|i  the  Yenisei  mid  the  Aiimrn  to  IrkuUk  ;  ihi'iii-e  l>v  ii 
shoi-1  pnrtFi^'c  to  thel.i-im;  down  the  I.rnii,  iiml  up  the.Mdniil.riuK  li,  to 
Uir  Stiuiovuy  iiioiiiitaiii:!,  over  wiiitdi  is  ii  pi,rtiis;c  to  ii  rivi-r  tluit  lends  to 
okotsk.  A  ItniiH'ii  otihifl  line  runi*lroni  Irkutsk  uptlie.\iii.'itrii.  iicro^'s 
hike  Uaikiil,  mid  up  the  Seliiiiiii  to  KiftrhUi.  on  the  (.'hiilfse  tVoiitier. 

3.  The  ino-st  valuable  jirodlicts  are  gold,  silver,  ropper, 
aiul  iron  from  the  mines  of  the  Cral  and  Allay  inoniilains ; 
and  rich  furs  from  the  wihl  aniniahs  of  the  frozen  jilains. 

4.  .\  few  .savages  roam  over  the  vast  territorv.  subsi.siing 
by  lishing  and  the  eliiise.  and  payiiiir  tribute  iii  hirs  to  the 
Itiissians,  who  have  forts  iil  the  principal  points. 

5.  .Siberia  is  the  count!  v  to  which  the  Hiissian  govern- 
ment exiles  the  subjects  who  excite  its  jealousy. 

Tobolsk',  cm  the  Tobol,  is  the  chief  einporium  of  .Sibe- 
ria, and  princi|ral  residence  of  the  distinguished  exiles. 

IrkuLiI:',  (in  the  Angara,  is  the  em[ioriiim  of  iOastern  Si- 
beria, and  rival  of  Tobolsk  in  population,  wealth,  and  pol- 
ished society.  Kiiirh'tii.  on  the  Selinga,  is  the  oiilv  jioiiit 
at  wliieh  the  Chinese  allow  the  Russians  to  trade'.  Yii- 
kiilsli'.  on  the  Lena,  and  Oklmlsk',  on  the  eiustern  coa.st,  are 
the  chief  di'lKits  ol    the  liir-tlaile. 

Qiu-t/iiuis.—  l.  Fur  whnt  is  Silierin  noted  ?  5.  Wlint  fiieililv 
for  conniieree  .'  Wliiil  is  tlie  route  of  Irndi'rs  !  Ireml  liiuii  the 
iiiupl :  3.  |ipm1iicI»?  4.  iiihiihilaiits  .'  ■,.  Forwlmt  is  Silierin  used 
by  the  govenuneiit  ?    Wtiere,  and  for  whnt  miti'ii,  Tobolsk  f  &e 

JAPAN. 

1.  .Japan  is  a  small  but  very  populous  emjiire, 
comprising  Xiphori  and  theadjaceiit  islands. 

2.  Japan  strongly  rcsenihles  China  in  the  character  of  its 
people  and  iiislitutioua. 


t'l/ixtlain  iitua. 


nrntt    II  ml  i}j   i  iHH'i. 

■J.  It  embiaees,  1.  China  I'roper ;  2.  Corea  ;  3.  Chinese 
TarUn-y  ;  4.  Thibet. 

Qiieslimif. — 1.  E.xteiit  and  population  7  2.  divisions  ? 

Chi.vA    rilOPlMl. 

1.  China  I'roper  is  chietly  a  vast  plain,  wcll-wiiteiTd,  fer- 
tile, and  highly  cultivated.  The  climate  is  colder  tliiui  in 
Kiiropc!  in  the  .Ninie  latitudes, 

2.  Rice  is  thi.  staple  |irodiictlon  ;  but  the  most  noted 
product  is  tea,  of  which  niore  than  (1(1,(1110,01)0  pounds  are 
exported  aliiiually  to  Ijirope  and  America. 

3.  Agriciillure  is  iiifire  candidly  conducted  than  in  any 
other  coiiiilry,  lint  with  less  skill  than  in  Kurope. 

I.  In  the  iiiaiiiifaclure  of  line  porcidain.  rich  silks,  onia- 
iiieuled  work  in  ivory.  \c.,  the  Chinese  excel  Kuropeans. 

.'i.  The  art  of  printing  from  wood-cuts  was  iiractised  in 
China  prior  to  the  invention  of  printing  in  Kurope. 

(i.  The  goveniineiit  is  jealous  of  foreigner.s,  who  are  per- 
mitted to  trade  only  at  a  li-w  points. 

T.  The  Chinese  are  very  timid,  and  wholly  imable  to 
contend  in  w.ar  with  Kuro]'eaiis. 

II.  China  was  coniinered  many  centuries  ago  hy  the 
.Maiidslmr  Tartars,  who  still  ride,' but  have  left  the  Jaw.s. 
nianiiers,  and  inslitiilions  to  a  great  extent  unehanged. 

II.  The  einperor  is  an  aii.-oliile  despot,  but  rules  in  a  pa- 
triarchal .spirit  ;  and,  in  his  proclaniation.s,  blames  himself 
for  all  the  evils  which  alliid  his  people. 

III.  HeveriMice  for  parents  is  .slrcnigly  inculcated;  and 
allusive  langiiiige  to  a  liither  is  a  capital  oll'eii.s,.. 

I I .  The  ollicers  of  goverinnenl  are  i-alled  mandarins,  and 
are  di\ided  into  nine  ranks,  according  to  their  leariiini.\ 
which  alone  is  regarded  as  a  i|iialilicaiion  liir  ollice. 

12.  A  mandarin  is  not  alloweil  to  hold  ollice  in  bis  na- 
tive province,  and  is  rarely  sulVered  to  remain  in  one  place 
llKU-e  than  three  veiirs. 

13.  The  religion  w  liich  generally  nrcvads  is  that  of  I'"o,  a 
species  of  Itoodliism.  distingiiished  here,  as  elsewhere,  by 
niiinerous  idols,  |iat:odas.  and  priests,  and  much  miiininety. 

14.  A  eusloin  prevails  of  binding  the  feet  of  girls  till  they 
cea.se  to  grow,  small  feet  being  the  pride  ofChilie.se  belles. 

l.'i.  The  (Sri'iif  ir.i// of  China,  on  ils  norlheru  hiuitier, 
is  l.'iOi)  miles  long,  30  feet  high,  and  so  broad  at  the  top 
that  six  horseinen  can  ride  abreast.  It  is  carried  over 
ri\ers  on  arches,  over  mountains  and  valleys,  and  has  low- 
ers at  every  little  interval,  having  been  designed  to  pro- 
tect China  Proper  from  the  incursions  of  the  Tar:  irs. 

If),  'file  liiijiriiat  C>in(il  is  lilMl  miles  long  front  the  river 
of  I'ekin  to  the  Kian-kn'.  just  ladow  Nankin. 

ir.  CoaK.v  is  de|ienileiit  on  China,  bill  almost  iiolhing  is 
known  (if  the  eountrv  or  its  inhaliilania  :  the  government 
niaiiili'sting  the  same  jealousy  of  foreigners  as  in  China  and 
.lapan. 

rK'KiN,  the  capital  of  China,  near  the  Cceat  Widl,  is  one 

of  the  Inriiesi  cities  in  the  world.     A'fini-iii'.near  the  i ith 

of  the  Kian-Uii,  is  ih"  lirsl   city  in  maiiufacUu-es,  and  no- 


ted for  itn  porcelain  tower,  nini*  sto- 
ries high,  Ciinliin' ,  near  the  moulb  of 
a  river  in  the  S.K.,  was  till  lati-ly  the 
only  [Mirt  at  which  Kuropeans  were  al- 
lowed to  trade.  Maca'o  is  an  island  in 
the  estuary  of  the  same  river,  occupied 
by  the  I'ortugiiese, 

Quntioiit. — 1.  H7(rt/i>grtiV?oftliofneeof 
the  coiuiti'y  t  soil  ?  c-liniate  7  2.  prisluc. 
lions  7  ;j.  uio'icuitiire  7  4.  inHliuhictiires  7  .5. 
art  of  printing  7  (i.  foreigners  7  7.  Chi.jese 
sohliers  7  H.  present  rulers  7  D.  goveriilnent  7 
10.  reuard  for  prtreiits7  II.  12.  nuiiKhiriiis  7 
1:1.  rtdii-'ion  .'  14.  women's  feet  7  l.'i.  the 
Greiit  Wall  7  HI.  the  Iiiiperiiil  Ciinul  7  17. 
What  is  said  of  Corea  7  Where,  and  lur 
what  noted,  I'ekin  7  Jco. 

C'hi.vhsk  Tautaiiy. 

1.  Chini^seTartary  is  divided  iiilo,  1.  .Viin(7«/ii/no, ortlie 
country  of  the  .Mandshiir  Tartars.  2.  Mongolia,  or  the 
country  of  the  .Mongol  Taitins.     3.  Ctmhirnr. 

2.  The  .Mandshnr  Tartars  are  worshipers  of  the  (irand 
Kama,  but  little  is  known  about  them  or  their  country. 

3.  The  Mongols  c(aii|)rise  the  Calinucks,  Kliidis,  Sifans, 
So:.,  and  are  al.so  worshipers  of  the  (irand  Lanin. 

4.  Cashgar  is  a  tlourisliing  .Mohammedan  kiiigdum,  on  a 
wide,  fertile,  and  very  beautiful  plain. 

Mitiiiuifrfiin.  on  the  northem  frontier,  is  the  only  place 
at  wliiih  the  Russians  are  permitled  to  trade.  Ynrkniid, 
on  Varkand  river,  is  the  largest  city  in  the  kingdom  of 
CiLshgar,  aiul  the  chief  emporium  of  Central  .Asia. 

Qiii'stuiiin. — 1.  How  is  Chinese  Tartan,- divided  7  2.  Whnf  m 
.<«/(/  of  Maudsliiir  Tartars  7  3.  of  Mongols  .'  4.  of  Ciisligar  ' 
Where,  Jcc,  Muimatcliiu  7 

TiiinrT. 
1.  Thibet',  or  Tibet',  is  the  residence  of  tbetiriuid  I.auiu 
who  is  worshiped  throiighinit  Kaslern  Asia, 


'I'lic  Grciiiil  Ltiinit. 

2.  The  founder  of  this  worship  was  Bix.dli.and  from  him 
it  is  named  Hoodhisni.  In  China  it  is  called  the  worship 
(d'Fo,  and  iu  Tartary,  Slianrinism, 

3.  The  great  doctrine  is  the  traimnigrntiou  of  the  soul. 
The  priests  pretend  that  when  the  (irand  Kama  dies  his 
soul  pluses  into  the  body  of  an  infant,  whom  they  di.scover 
by  certain  signs,  and  imniedialidy  exalt  to  tlic>  llirone. 

4.  The  Thibetians  are  chi(dly  a  iiastoral  people,  but  in 
some  populous  districts  are  fur  advanced  iu  tlie  iirls. 

,'>.  The  ynk,  or  Thibet  ox,  lias  a  tail  of  long,  glossy  hair,  iu 
great  (leinand  in  India  as  a  Hap  :  and  from  the  hair  of  the 
Tiln^t  pout  are  made  tlu'  line  CashnicTe  shawls. 

/,n,v'.M.on  the  Sanpoo,  the  residence  of  the  Grand  Kama, 
is  the  resort  of  pilgrims  from  all  parts  of  Asia. 

(iuc^lioni>.—\.  For  what  is  Thibet  notiMi  7  2.  Who  founded 
this  worship  7  ;).  its  i.Tent  doctrine  ?  4.  occupation  of  the  Tliihe- 
tinas  7  5.  I'lunous  aainmls  7     XN'here,  vVc,  Lassa  ? 

INDEPENDENT  TARTARY. 

1 .  Independent  Tartary  is  that  part  of  Tarta- 
ry which  is  not  under  Chinese  or  Russian  rule. 

2.  The  norlbetn  par!  is  occupied  bv  Kirgnis  (Kirg-hese) 
{  hordes  ;  and  the  .southern,  by  the  kinydoins  of  Hiicharia, 
Khiva,  Kokan,  and  Kooud(Hiz,'all  ruled  by  Csbeck  chiefs. 

'.  The  Tartars,  both  in  Chinese  and  Independent  Tarta- 
ry. are  generally*  pastoral  people,  living  in  tenic,  and  wan- 
dering from  place  to  place  with  their  Hocks  and  herds. 

1.  Their  tiivorite  food  is  horse-lle.sh,  and  from  the  milk 
of  mares  tli(>y  obtain  by  fermenlation  their  favoiite  kou- 
1  miss,  an  intoxicating  drink. 

'i.  Mohamniednnlsm  is  the  established  n'ligion.  The 
peoph'  generally  are  taiiubt  to  read  and  write  ;  and  in  sev- 
.eral  of  the  large  cities  there  are  .Mohammedan  colleges. 

liok'hnrn,  on  the  Kohiik.  a  branch  of  the  Oxiis,  is  the 
[capital  of  Ibicbaria,  a  place  of  extensive  trade,  and  a  fn- 
nnais  seat  of  .Mohanmicilaii  leaniing.  So  nun  tun, i ,  on  ihe 
same  river,  liinied  for  tho  lieanty  of  its  environs,  was  once 
the  most  renowned  city  iu  .-Vsia.  JitilkliArmn  ils  antiipiity, 
is  called  "  the  mother  of  cities." 

Qiitvlitiii$.—\.  What  is  Indept  Tnrlnrv-  ?  B.  Hmv  divided  ' 
3.  occupation  of  the  people  f  4.  food  .'  .'>.  ri^ligiou  7     Where,  iVc. 


9  :    I 


■\r- 


T  U  R  K  E  Y 


A  S  I  A 


R  A  B 


ri 


I 


1 


isiiiin,  .li'wij;,,  mill   .M<ihiiiiiiiii'(hiii  |iilf;iinn.      lli-ru 

*  .M".si|ui'  of  nriiiir,  Imill  lui  tin-  .niii'  (if  .Suhminn'rt 

r.  mill  Ihi'  Cliurili   nl'   llii'  llnly  S(|iiilrliri',  wliii  li 

iiiiiiiku  iMcli'iiil  ciiiniiiisrs  ilii'  scriiii  ol'  tliu  cnicitixiijii, 

rritiiinlmn'iif.  mill  iTsiiirrcliiiii  nfChriHl. 

(iti' zii,  iiu  till'  {'iiiict.  iiciir  llir  S.W.  corner  iif  l\'i]p«1iiic, 
i-*  a  ri'>liiii:-|il;u'r  ol' ciinivmis  hrfiu'c  rrnssiii;,'  llic  (Icucrt  In 
r.f;y|il  mill  Aniliiii.  Jirf  J'n.  miriciilly  .liippii,  Ih  ilii'  pnrt  of 
Jcnisili'in.  Ai'rf  ()i  kcr),  on  Ilii'  cohs!.  tjirtlicr  imrtli,  irt 
iiciti'il  Inr  i\*  »lriMiu'tiirtirn-iiliiiii-:  l>it'-  '•l-Knmrr,  on  Mount 
l.i'limioii,  ii.s  till-  i'ii|iiiiil  111'  till'  Dnisrs;  miil  llfimot',  near 
it,  im  the  ci'iiHt.  as  till'  srat  nt'  111)  Aiiirricaii  I'rotfstmit 
iiiissioii;  An'linrh,  on  tin-  Orontr-i,  liir  its  mifirnt  splon* 
(lor  ;  Uiil'hrr,  in  a  valloy  at  llio  fool  of  MimnI  l.i'lianoii, 
anil  Piihuit'ra,  in  tiic  lii'srrt  liotwroii  Dmnascus  uiiii  tlio 
Kiipliratus,  for  pipinlic  ami  ^lll^llllill  riiiim. 


I-  ''"i"''iiVi':i" '>•  I.'   ••.'-~c:iii=S*  ''Cn'Y/'' 

.}//,V//  '/'/■■  f/ jM  i  1.  .,        'iri/,j,,,^-.'y.m.iifii.iii...   iiHiiisiii  '._  :  Aiiiutfi  \>,  ^  y 

;;  I   t  /.Hftd.\  K  lA       'n'^^«(i,..,-lK.i,ii,.,.    •i-..i.i".:»:,   ■■...    Jhi)^  ^T  h 


,iV-iif'-'"'-NJ)fi 


.ffitisati^ 
;tuitcHa 


TDRKEVlNASIA 


west  coast  of  Asia  Minor. 


iiilJiri-mMi  li 


QUESTIONS  AND  EXERCISES  ON  THE  MAP.    I   C.  }'ali-slino. 

TUIIKKY  IN  ASIA.— Wluii  two  son.s  on  tlic  X.  .'     Wlint ' '''"'I'  I"'''l""ii-.V 
two  countries  on  the  K.  ?     W'iint  ^'iiit  (mielies  it  on  the  .s.I-;.  .'  :  tiering  deserts. 
What  two  seas  on  the  \V.  ?      117,,//  s/nii/  cmiii-i-U  the  Hhiek 
sea  with  Mnnnora  sea  ?  Mnniiora  sea  wilh  tlie  Areliipeln.'o  .' 

In  n'httt  part  rf  fhe  nutiifiy  is  Asia  Minor?  ,S;.nil  nnii  Pules- 
tine  ?  Mcsnpotan'iia  nnil  Koimhsl.in  !  AnueiMii  i  What  famniis 
Dionntiiin  in  Armenia  on  the  hiinh'r  of  Persia  ? 

Wliat  chain  of  inoiiiilains  fiiiin  .\rniiiiia  runs  alnn;.'  the  whole 
soutlieni  coast  of  Asia  .Minor?  What  inoiinlains  aloiiL' the  coast 
ot  Syria  ?  What  two  i-n-eat  rivers  rise  in  Arnienin.  anil  niniiiim 
smith  many  hiiiulreil  miles,  anile  ami  empty  into  the  rersian 
L'lilf  J     \Vliicli  is  fnrlher  west,  the  iMipliriUns  or  Tigris  ! 

What  is  the  face  of  the  country  ?  An^.  .\sia  Minor  is  encir- 
cleil  liy  a  chain  of  mountains,  hetweea  which  ami  the  sea  are 
sometimes  narrow  passes,  aiiii  soniPtimes  hroail  anil  fertile  plains, 
while  tJie  interior  is  a  hidi  lahle  lanii  ahomiilim.'  in  salt  lakes. 
Ai-menia.  Koonlistaii.  anil  the  west  jiarts  of  Syria  are  mountain- 
ous. Mesopotamia  ithe  country  between  the  Euphrates  ami 
Tii-Tisi  is  a  hroail.  well-watere,f.  ami  very  fertile  plain- 

What  larw  islam!  in  the  Mediterranean  ei|ui-ilistant  from  .-\sia 
Minor  anil  Syria  ?  Olf  what  |iart  of  .Vsia  Minor  is  the  islanil  of 
Uhoiles  ?  Wliieli  way  from  Uhoiles.  anil  near  what  coast,  are 
the  islands  of  Pat'mos,  Sa'inos,  Seio.  anil  Mylile'ue. 


Syria,  and  Mesopotiimia.  also  sutler  iiiiicn 
incursions  of  tliu  liedouiu  Ainljs  of  the  boi- 


!li 


li;; 


!1. 


TURKEY  IN  ASIA. 

Square  mil,^«.  4-;il.0(Kl.— l'o]iuliitiiin.  l.'.OIIOOilll.— l'i.]i.  to  rq.  in..  27. 

1.  Turkey  in  Asia  liris  licfii  tiie  seat  n{  more 
famous  cities  and  empires  tlian  any  other  coun- 
try. 


licdoiiin  Ambif. 

ralesline  was  iinciently  faiiious  for  wheat,  wine, 
V.  and  oil  ;  and  .Mount  I.eliuiioii.  for  cellars. 
The  Dnisrs.  ii  warlike  people  in  the  niutherii  part  of 
.Moiiiit^  I.elianon.  mo  seceders  friiiii  .Miiliaiiiniedmii.sni. 

II.  The  M,inii,i/i'.i  are  a  sect  of  Clirislians  who  inliuliit 
the  southern  part  of  .Mount  I.elianon. 

10.  The.'lim,  ni,(H«  are  Clirislians.  and  are  the  ellief  iiior- 
climils  in  niosi  of  the  large  cities  of  Turkey,  reisia.  Tartu- 
ry,  India,  mid  i;^y|it. 

11.  The  Kii'inh  in-  /I'vr,/,?,  a  riiile.  fierce,  warlike  people, 
often  descend  from  their  stroii!.'hoiils  in  the  viounlains  of 
Koonlistaii.  and  ravaL'e  the  fertile  jilains  lielow. 

l'.i-  The  Tiirriimiiiis.:\  wiiiiderinf;  pastoral  nice  in  tlie  in- 
terior of  .Vsia  .Minor,  make  e.\cellent  caviilrv.  and  lliriii  the 
main  strength  of  the  Tnrkisli  ariiiv. 

Ki.  Syria  was  wrested   fioiii  the  siill.iu 
Pacini  of  Kgypt.  wlio  was  coiiipelled  hv  tlr 
of  r.uroiie  to  restore  it  in  18-11). 


Jiiiiii.i  11/  I'liiii 

Asia  Minor. — SiKi/r mi,  on  the 
is  the  chii-f  emporium  of  the  Levant,  or  easieni  coasts  of 
the  .Mediterranean.  Sriiln'ri,  (m  the  liosphorns,  is  a  siili- 
ilili  of  ('imstaiiliiiii|ile;  Tirliiznnii'  is  the  chief  enipoi'iuiii 
on  tile  lllack  sea;  llrn'sti,  near  the  sea  of  .Marmora,  wtw 
once  the  capital  of  the  Turkish  empire.  ,l,,irij'i-«,  in  tlio 
interior,  is  fai is  for  a  goat  willi  hair  like  silk. 

Mksopot.^mia  and  Akmkma,\c. — B,;.«.«„'r».on  tlieSliut- 
el-Amb,  near  the  head  of  the  Persian  gulf,  is  n  jilaec  of 
great  trade,  litts'tlmi,  on  the  Tigris,  was  once  the  seat 
of  the  caliphs.  .Mn'.iiil,  noted  liir  muslins,  is  on  the  Tigris, 
near  the  ruins  nf  Siiifnli ;  and  lliNnh.  on  the  Kiiphrates, 
is  on  the  siti'  of  the  mighty  lln/nilon.  Krzr.roum'  is  the  cap- 
ital of  .\i'meiiia  ;  Van.  on  lake  Van.  is  one  of  the  bulwarks 
of  the  em|iire  on  tlie  side  of  Persia  :  Dinrhr'kir,  on  the  Ti- 
gris, is  llie  centre  of  trade  between  Turkey  and  I'ersia. 


Qni's/lnnK.—  ].  I'nrwhiit  ii 
What  fanioiis  alieicnt  cilies 
soil  ?  ti.  U'lial  purls  siiH'er 
nV„(/  ;.<  .I,/!,/ of  Ihe  Ill-uses? 
Kurds  !  1-.  Turcomans  ?  KJ. 


Turkey  in  .-Vsia  noted  ?  2.  and  3. 
and  niiiiiarchies  ?    -1.  divisions?   .5 

from  Arahs  ?  7.  product  ions  ?  8. 
!-.  Manmiles  ?  in.  .-Vrnienians  ?  11. 
Syria  ?    Where.  iVe..  Aleppo  ?  Jtc 


viuare  milcp.  l.dOd.dOO. 


ARABIA. 

-l'n|Mll;itiiHi,  KMMIO.OiKl.- 


-Pnp.  to  pq.  ni,,  10. 


1.  Ar;il)i;i.tli('l)irtlii»!;irooi'Muhjimined.isu()- 

l('(l  lor  tlie  uiiclKui^i;inir  clKirncttT  of  its  people. 


[|    \V,:V2   i)y  till, 
jjreat  |Miwe|-H 


CHIKF   inwss. 
SVUIA    AND   rAI.KSTINi:. .\l,Kr'co.  HI  id  W.'IV  Itptwcpn    till' 

KiipIiiiili'.-<.  is  the  nicult'ni  (•iii)itJil  ol" 


Ci.'ij  iif  Jirn.^'tii  til. 

2.  Uvrp  were  Ualtvlon,  .Ninrvi'Ii.  Danin'-ruii,  nni'iliul.aml 
Jeriisalcin,  each,  at  stniio  iicrinti,  ihu  inn.st  splfMuliil  cily  jn 
the  world. 

3.  Here  wnro  HaThnr  and  Palmy'ra,  Tyre  and  .Si'don, 
the  cities  of  tlie  IMiili.s  tine.s,  and  tlie  momircliies  ol"  I'er'ga- 
nios,  Pon'tiis,  and  .\rnienia. 

4.  Tlie  coiuitt y  JB  now  divided  into  pa(;Iialir.'».  whieli  take 
their  Tiaiiies  from  tin*  priiu-ipal  eilii"*,  n-i  \Iej}'pf>,  Acre, 
&e.,  but  it  i.s  interesting  to  ns  rhicllv  niider  ilH  ancient 
names,  vi/.,  .-^..sia  Minor,  Syria,  Palestine,  Aniieiiiii,  and 
Mesopotamia. 

5.  Tiie  Koil  of  Mesopotamia  and  of  lari'e  parts  of  .\sia  Mi- 
nor and  Syria  is  naturally  verv  fertile,  hut  uiah-r  tlii>  arhitra- 
ry  cxactiiais  o(  uespiilie  jimeruois  ^■ulli^a!jon  i:»  neglected. 


Mediterranean  and  tli 
'  Syria,  antl  larirest  city  of 
I      Damns' cuii,m  a  tertil 

I  Syria,  once  iinled  for  the  best  swords  in  the  world,  Iiu-  \h 
j  silk  called  dama-k  and  for  the  |)lum  called  ■■dams(m"(a 
;  contraclinn  nf  I  laniaseene),  is  .still  a  lar;.'e  city  with  an  e.\- 
j  tensive  caravan  trade. 

Jfiru'salem,  the  Holy  city    in  the  interior 
I  between  the  Mediterranean  and    Dead  sea.i. 


Asiatic  'I'l 

well-watereii  plain,  in  tlie  S.K.of  ' 


of  Palestine.  I 
is  tlie  reWM'l : 


.\lol.\immi<i  prtachiii^  iifiauinl  the  It/oh  nj' the  hnahu. 

0.  The  Arabs  are  sons  of  Ishmael.  and  the  whole  lifn 
aial  maimers  of  the  patriarclis,  as  described  in  (icuesiri, 
may  be  seen  at  this  day  in  the  lent  of  the  Ara!)ian  sheik. 

.'i.  'I'll'-  Pedouin.  nr  uancieriuL'  \rab.  is  a  sini:uiar  vym\- 
poaiitl  (if  hnspilalitv  and  mbberv.  t!ie  slr.atiL'er  who  is  treat- 
ed witli  lavi.sli  kindne?*.s  in  the  lent,  beinij  nibbed  and  nnn*- 
dered  wiliuait  renita-.-ie  wImmi  met  in  the  opi-n  jilaJn. 

4.  Moliaumiedanism  (iri^iinaled  in  Arabia  in  the  seventh 
centnry.  and  Arabs,  nmier  the  name  of  Saracens,  soon 
spread  it  oxr-r  I.u^'e  jtarts  of  A>ia.  AtVica,  and  liurope. 

5,  The  \Sahabees.  a  new  sect  of  Moiiainmedaus.  spnin^^ 


n  u  i  s/A   - 


.   ■'"       !     r  ■••>'■" """'"ir  /^FlGHI/VNISTl 

7w  ",<f!^'«v''"fvwX5'^>* 


^'  '^.J  ,«;««►  -^.^^ 


?<<)cou;i 


li|i  early  in  Ihf  l:ist  ci'tiniry  in  tin'  iirurt  nf  Ariihiii.  and  at 
iMic  tinii'  cittltiiltTt'ti  wiili'Iy  "U  every  initio,  hut  liave  lately 
been  HiilMliieil  hy  Ihe  naelia  of  Mi/ypl. 

(i.   Arabia  is  iietei!  Inr  line  Inirses,  canielf*,  and  nssef. 

7.  Arabia  in  t'aninus  fur  exeellerit  enlVee,  but  the  mvrrli, 
f  jukiiirense.aud  spires,  ealled  Arabian,  are  inipurted  IVetn 
lllf  adjaeent  enast  nf  At'riea. 

y.  Tlie  Arabs  are  <livided  intn  tluiiiernus  tribes  fir  liillli- 
lies,  each  uncb'r  liie  (joveniinent  ol'its  own  sheik,  who  ex- 
ercises patriarchal  aiillntrity. 

!l.  The  Arabii^  lauLniUiie  ranks  ninons  the  dassic  Inn- 
pua'_'es  (if  llie  I'.ast,  and  is  extensively  written  and  apnkeu 
m  Mnlnuninedan  c  aintries. 

1(1.  The  inland  trade  of  .Arabia,  Persia,  Ttirkey,  Tarhiry. 
niul  Alric;i  is  carried  nn  chielly  by  caravans  of  merchants, 
who  Iraverso  tlio  desert  witli  their  goods  on  tlie  back.s  of 
cjiniels. 

1 1.  The  catnel  is  wonderfully  fitted  for  travelinu  in  the 
iiarchi'il  desert,  as  it  can  live  a  week  without  ilrinkin^',  and 
lias  feet  formed  to  resist  tin-  heat  of  the  sjind. 


01 


QUESTIONS  AND  EXEROISES  ON  THE  MAP. 

A  11  A  II I  .v.—  H'Ii,i/m„  x,/„inili  n.lni/iifi  I'nini  Allien  ( Iniin  Per- 
sia.' Wliiil  eoiuitryoiitlie  .N.  (  What  vviitir  011  llie  S.  I  What 
piutof,\riiliiaiBciilleilIleiljiiz,ort)loliy  Andiiii  I  What  plot,  Yii- 
nu'li,  or  Happy  Anihia  /    What  pint,  .\iiI.s.|im1,  or  Disci  t  Arabia? 

/«  irliiil  imil  I'fAnihiii  is  MiK'lm  I  Miisciit  ?  .Mecca  niiil  Mcili- 
aa  (     Wiint  port  near  .Mecca  I     What  poit  near  Mi'flina  / 

Wliiitistlii'  luce  of  the  I'oiuitry  I  Am.  A  drsiit,  cither  sanilv 
or  rocky,  with  siane  Icitili'  Iruclii  inlurs.MTscil,  cspeciiiliv  in  Vc. 
men,  \%'here  they  arc  considendily  cxtiiisivu.  Tliero  i»  acurcely 
a  pcrcnuiul  ittreaia  in  the  whole  country. 

I'KIIPIA.— What  cniintriea  and  whntsenon  the  N.  ?  Wlint 
coiuitrics  onjhe  K.  ?  What  water  on  tin-  .•*.  !  What  coantiy 
oil  the  W.  (     What  nioantains  on  the  Turkish  honlcr  / 

11  ■/„(//),7>mi(r,i/.e/i/ir  (read from  the  naipionthe  Caspiiiu  »en? 
on  the  Persian  uuiH!  on  Turkey  I  Wliiit  inoiintiiins  neparatii 
the  proviuccH  on  the  Caspian  tii.iu  Ailcrhi,iioi  anil  link  /  What 
mountains  connect  the  Klhiirz  cliniii  with  the  Ilinilno  KikwIi  .' 
Ill  nliiil  innrimr  is  llie  (jrcut  .-lalt  llcselt  f  the  citv  nl.il  hike  of 
OonKinii'ah  .'  lake  ltaklei;an,  which  supplies  I'ersia  with  salt? 

Whiit  is  the  lace  of  the  country  ?  /I(i«.  Lofty  mountain.s  run 
iilojiL'  or  near  the  weslern  aial  northern  front'iers,  and  kiwer 
uiountains,  with  Hue  valleys  hetwecn.  cover  niuih  of  the  western 
pi'u^il s.    The  rest  oftlickini.-iloui  is  chielly  a  |iiirclicil  ilesi'rt. 

What  rivers  I  y|/i.«.  No  lai-L'e  river,  the  strciiins  fioln  thn 
monnliiina  siHin  enilinij  in  suit  hikes  or  in  the  sanils  ol  the  desert. 

.Siil  anil  iiroiluctions  .'     Ans.  The  t'aspiiin  |aovincea,  and  the 
western  plains  and  vaUevs,  walerci,  hy  moinilain  streiims,  are 
very  fertile  in  Kni-dish  i:riiin,  rice,  the  vine,  iinil  many  ilcliciuuii 
fruits  1  but  two  thirds  ol  I'ersia  are  rwky  or  aunily  desert. 
-«- . 

AFGHANISTAN'.— What  ci try  on  the  N.  ?  K.  ?  P.  ?  W.  ? 

What  nioantains  sepaiale  Iroili  Tai'tiiiy  >.      Wliiit  river.  Pom 

llindoosiaii  I    \\'liiil  lulains  piinillcl  with  the  luiliis  '.     What 

lake  on  the  border  ol   I'eiBia  (      What  river  empties  into  lako 
Zurrah  f     What  province  and  desert  in  the  S.W.  I 

What  are  the  face  of  the  country,  soil,  and  produi  tinns  ?  Aiik. 
The  northern  half  is  overrnu  with  hiaiiclies  of  the  Inl'lv  Hindu" 
KiKish  moiiiitiiiiis.helweeli  which  are  hl-h  plains,  huti'le  in  V'n 
ni|jean  araiiia  and  Iniils.  The  .<.!;.  ■|iiiiiler  is  chielly  rocUv  ami 
harren.  and  the  ti,  W..  except  alllll^■  the  llilmauil,  a  siiinlv  ili"serf 

Iil•:l,(l(K'HI.■^TAN.-llo^v  hounded  .'  What  is  the  hue  ol 
the  eoimlry  >.  Ans.  In  the  west,  a  sandy  ilesert,  and  in  the  east 
roek.\,  harren.  and  deeply  fuiTowed  by  niouiitaili  torrents. 


PERSIA. 

."qanre  miles,  •li'O.OOO.— Popiiliitiun,  I'.'.IHKl.llOO— Pup.  to  sq.  tn..  S.'i. 

1.  Per.siii  WHS  anciently  tlie  seat  ol'imc  of  the 
most  powerful  and  splendid  Asiatic  nioiiaiThies. 

'J.  The  rersiansare  the  most  ^'av. 
poli.shed.  and  learned  of  the  Drieii;- 
iils;  and  are  uoled  lor  love  of  dis- 
play in  dress. 

y.  I'ersia  has  suffered  niueli  in 
the  last  hlindreil  years  fioiii  civil 
wars,  and  wars  with  the  Kii.ssiuiis 
and  .Vfi.'li  ,ns. 

■I.  The  chief  matmfiictiires  are 
beautiful  carpels,  silk.s,  aial  cottons, 
but  the  wars  greatly  impede  indus- 
try. 

■">.  The  reliu'ion  is  Mohamniedan- 
isni,  but  there  is  still  a  reinnaiit  ot 
the  ancient  lire-worshipers,  orCiue- 

bers.  I'lrsian  h/init. 

Tf.iikiian'.  or  Tkii-kvc\'.  the  capital,  is  a  strong'  city,  at  i 

the  loot  of  the  lol'lie^t  peaks  of  the  Klbiirzi iiilains.  i 

Isimhiin',  liunierly  ihe  capital  of  I'eisia  and  most  spleii-' 


prnrincrx  nf  I,;ik  (the  nncient  Media)  and  Fnrs  (Ihe  orig- 
inal I'ersia;  abound  in  ruins  of  splendid  cities. 

Qiii'aliiiii.1. — 1.  For  what  is  Persia  uoled  1  2.  character  of  the 
Persians  !  H.  Fii.ni  what  does  I'ersia  snU'er  >  4.  .Maiiufiii  lures  I 
a.  relii-'ion  ?     Where,  and  lur  what  iioteil,  Teheruii  .'  tVe. 

AFGHANISTAN  AND  BELOOCHISTAN. 

Square  miles,  4,'iO,IKK).— PnpuIiition,"ln,(K)O.OIlfl.— Pop.  to  «q.  m..  W. 

1.  Tiiese  countries  are  peojiled  liy  warlike, 
I  contendiii!,'  tribes,  and  are  often  chan'^nng  inus- 
'  ters. 


CaincU  itrinkii 


Mre'cA  is  noted  as  the  birlhplai"  of  Mohainnied.  aud  is 
annually  visited  liv  ]iilL.uiins  from  all  |iaits  of  llie  Moleiiii- 
medan  world.  M,'li'ii,i  eontuius  the  toinli  of  the  prophet,, 
uml  is  also  reirarded  bv  .Mohainmedans  as  a  holy  city.  | 

I'craVie,  on  tin'   liei'l  sea.  is  the  port   of  .Medina;   and; 


^Si 


hiKthii  'I 


J/i/ i/'f,  the  port  111  Mecca.     .N'.i'/n/.  the  capital  of  Venien, '..  .     ... 

in  the  inierior.  is  a  haudsome  and  populous  ciiv.     Mn'i-li,/.   '.'''  ''''.^'  "'  ^^'''sliu-n  Asia,  and  still  u  great  ciiv  in  popu 
on  the  IJed  sea.  is  noted  liir  the  linesi  colti.,.  ill  the  world'   """•  'i'"''''-  i""'  maniifacluies.  is  in  a  llu-tile  plaui  neur  tin 


Voorainire.  C/iiif.  .4n  .IJi^funi. 

I  Q.  The  king,  or  shah,  of  All;bani.stan  has  little  power 
I'xcept  in  the  great  cities;  each  tribe  in  the  country  being 
nearly  independent,  under  its  own  khan  or  chief. 

j      ;l.  The  pow  u- of  the  khans  is  limited  bvasM-niblies  eoin- 

i  po.ied  of  repre«"lltulives  of  tile  people,  the  only  ajiproach 

I  to  demoeralic  irovernment  in  .\sia  ! 

j  4.  The  Alldians  are  a  nnler  jieople  than  tlie  Hindoos, 
and  less  atlvuin-ed  in  the  arts,  but  their  eneri.'etic.  inile- 

■  pendent  spirit  renders  them,  on  the  whole,  a  superior  nice. 

j  -,.  The  Itelooihes,  like  the  .\rabs.  are  brave,  lionondile 
robbers,  lios|iitable  in  their  tents,  but  eUewhere  plundering 
and  iiiurdenni;  wilhoiit  renior.se. 


Mii.i'rn/.  on  the  eastern  coast,  is  Ihe  capital  of  a  poweriid  '''"'er  ol  the  kingdom.     Sliini:',  the   llivorite   residence  1      CAnii.,  the  cliief  eilv  of  Af;;hanistan.  i.s  nn  n  lirancli  of 

and  illlelli^'ent  prince,  or  Iiiiani.  who  has  a  siroiii;  naval  "' '"e  I  er.-ian  literuii.  and  noted  for  delicious  wine,  is  In  the   Ilii'   Kama  river,  in  an  extensi"i>.  tiu'tile  plain,  elevaled 

liirce,  and  holds  in  siibjeetion  seviu-al   purls  in    \lrica  and  -i'l''"'"  "'  ''''''^I'l- n'.'"' ''"'!'"""""'■"'"*".'' '''''■"7"'''«-      ""-   •'dlllMiu't  above  llie  sea.     y'c.«/o/»',  r,  in  the  N.K.,  was  re. 

I'ersia.       />,r/,i' »,■    iii.;ii-  tli,.  ,■.•,, I, .,-  ,,('  \,...l.;..    ;.  ,1 ;,..!  s'lirc',  on    the  Persian  L'lllf.  is  the  cliier  se;i.iioi-I        /i,-',,,,,.,     iwiilK-  ili.>  ,'M>,ii,>l  ..C  it,,,  >..... l'..l  l-:...,.l r  /■..1...1    


I'ersia.      Ihrin'ii,-.  near  the  center  of  \iiibia.  is  the  e.i[iilal    '  '"''  •  ""  .'''I'  ''''I'-'^i'i"  i-'nll.  is  the  chief  sea-porl.      l)r'mii.i.  cenllv  the  lupilal  of  the  powiuliil  kini'dom  id'  Cabiil    now 

of  the  Walmliees.     l','hii.  built  in  the  clefts  of  the  rocks,   ''  ""'''''  '"f '■"innieree  aud  immense  wealth,  anmlinum' .  disnienibered.      Cni.l,,!,,,,' .  n  well-built  city  in  the  cent.n- 

was  the  capital  of  ancient  I'.domor  bluniea.      Mininl  Si' mil   '","1  •"'""''•  "H  ports  on  the  Persian  gulf,  beloiu' lo  the  liiiani  of  the  countrv.  is  ihe  chief  town  of  the  niinierons  aud  ixiw- 

anil  llo'nh.  lii IS  ill  Hible  bisinrv.  are  on  the  peninsula  "' -'i"^'""-    l<'"'i>i„n  is  noted  for  shawls  and  carpels.    V,-:,/.  ert'ul  tribe  ofDooraunees.     Ilrni''.  in  the  .N.W..  is  the  chief 

between  the  gulfs  of  .Suez  and  Ak'aba.  ' '"'"''  ''"'  ''enter  of  Persia,  is  the  asyliiin  of  the  persecuted  seat  of  lie-  1 imerce  between  I'ersia  and  India. 

iliueliers.     Sill:.,',,!.,,  in  Ihe  iiorlli  |.arl  of  Irak,  is  the  .siini-        Kci.at',  in  the  N. I'.,  part  of  I!,  looi  lii,~t.iii.  IKliKl  feel  above 


Qiinlinnn — t.  For  what  is  .\rnhia  noted  ' 


Who  are  till 


mer  reside 


of  Ibe  kilu.'. 


'J'„h' 


is  the  capilal  or  residence  of  the  principal  khan. 


:.  or  l%i}i'ri>i,  liirlber    the  sea. 
Ani'l.s  I  ;l.  tlieir  eharacier  .'      1.  I !'//«/ ,s.<ue/ ol^Meh'iiuunedml.    '""■'''•"■""'""'''■' ^'''"' 'Tleiidid  eilv.      r/.o/rt'./«n  is  a  slroii','        r>      ,  ,    ..  ,  .  ,.  ,      . 

ism  .'  .'..  the  Wahuhces  ,'  (i.  animals  '.  ?.  veiietahle  pro.liicts  '  s.    Ibl'tress  on  tile  frontier  of  TarluiA  :  and  Erinni'.  unotlier.        y',"'.";"'"— '.I' or  what  are  Afuliaiustiin  nu.l  Ileleoihistnu 
tineriimeiil  '.  U.  Arabic  hue-unife  >.  Hi.  commere,.  !  II.  the  cam-    ""  'lie  frontier  of  Hu.ssia.  to  which  it  now  behuii^s. 
el  .'     Wheie,  aud  fur  what  noted,  Mecca  .'  iVc.  ,      The  ri,i,i.s  rfSiisii  and  Aliici:  are  In  Kliiizi>taM  ;  a  id  tin 


H 


nted  I  'J.  uenerid  eovernment  f  :l.  u'overnmeni  of  the  tribes  '  -I. 
rknriirirr  of  the  Af-hiins  >   .-..  of  the  Hvlooches  >     ^\'llel\■    a.id 
the    for  what  liotial,  Cuhul  .'  \c. 


m 


i-'M 


'J 


•r 
«i- 


i 


0*4 

QUBsflONSAND^EXEROISES  ON  THE  MAP. 

HIXDOO.STAX— Ui»w  ih  HimUmstiin,  t«)miiltMl  ?  VVImt 
niiniiiliiiiia  nri  the  N.  '  WImt  rivtT  tnnhn'tliu  NAV.  lyoniiT  .' 
What  river  on  tlif  N.K.  tx)nl»'r  ^  What  i'n|ii'  at  t'lu  Honth  i-x- 
tri'inity  '  W'lmt  Inru'c  idlniiil  mat  ot'cuue  ('uinoriii  !  In  ir/mf 
p  III  of'  f/iniliHtnluu  IS  tlu'  Miilabiir  ooat  f  runttt  oi'  (Jominiinilcl  f 
H-'iiiral  !  Nrpau!  f  HiMihiii  ?  Mywiri-  f  tlin  CiiriiHlic  f  tlic  Ih^v 
run  ,'  tho  CircarH  !  llw  Pimiah  iir  oniintrv  nl"  tin-  Kivc  rivurs  t 
tiimii!  ?  i|ul('ot' (ainliay  '  LiiiH-miivf  ninl  Miildivi-  islcM  T 

W'liat  tnnuiiluii)  clwiiiis  }  Ans.  Tlitt  Hirn'mtiifh  iiiiiniitriinfl, 
the  I'll'iicst  in  tlu'  wurlil  alnnL"  tlu;  ndrtlu-rn  ImnliT:  tin'  ViniUiifti. 
wliirli  run  tVuni  llir  irult'tit'  Cuinhiiy,  i'ii«it,  tf)  llir  rt'nttT  (  '."  IIlii 
tiiMmtuii;  tlu'  \\''fyt>'ni  (ihautn.W  ur  louo  iVet  lik'Ii,  a  uic  tlu- 
west  ('(Misr.  tn)"!  tlu'  L'ult'til  Cainlmv  tn  {-apo  t'tinmrin  ;  ami  \\\v 
Eiifitvrii  (ihnuh,  'J  ur  iliiOO  I'l'i't  liiifFi,  aloni,'  the  uast  cuust,  thun 
i!Hpo  Cninorin  thnniuh  thu  Carnatic  inUtOnasH. 

VVhnt  threat  river  n'reives  the  writers  t'ntni  tho  sonllternfiirt: 
of  thi'  Himuiuh'h  ami  the  nnrthcrn  farf  nC  the  Viiulhya  mimnt 
iiitiH.  unit  iliseharu'efi  them  l)y  nuiny  inimtliti  into  thu  hay  of  Hcn- 
ual  .'  W'lint  irreatrivrr  r(M'eives  the  waters  of  the  wenti-ni  part 
of  the  Iliinnmk'h  i-huni,  anil  disclmrL'eii  them  hyttiveral  niontlis 
into  the  Arabian  sea  f  What  river  druius  the'soulhern  tin'e  of 
the  Viiulhya  rnoiintains,  ami  oniptied  into  the  i^ulf  of  Cainhay  ^ 
What  throe  river«  rise  in  the  Western  (Ihauls,  iirul  enrry  the 
waters  of  Southern  liimiiHmlun  to  the  eastern  coast  f  In  whiit 
zone  in  the  eoimtry  watereil  hy  these  three  riverj*  f  [n  what 
zone,  (he  country  watered  hy  the  iJanu'es  ami  Imlns  ? 

What  is  the  laee  if  the  eoimlry  /  Ann.  The  noriiiem  part, 
between  the  Himmaleh  ami  \  indhya  nxanitalns,  ia  a  vast  plain, 
very  fertile  where  watered  hy  tho  (ian,;.'eH  and  IndiiH,  but  with 
a  wide  sanily  desert  bet  Wi'en  these  rivers.  The  Honthern  pari, 
betwei'n  the  Kastern  ami  Western  (Jbants.ls  ebiully  table  laud, 
elevated  several  thonstuid  feet  above  the  sea. 

FAUrriRR  XDIA.— ir/a//r.'»///;7/ontheN,W.?onthe\.? 
WliittL'ultfi  and  Heaouthe  10. .'  strjiits.iM'ean,  and  bay  ou  tlie  W. ' 
In  H  full  /Kiii  is  Assam  .'  Arraean  f  Tcauiuin  !  ('(irhin  Chitni  f  Ma 
laeea  ?      On  n-fiitf  nn-r  is  Itinuali  !  .Siam  /  t'andtoilia  ?-Luos  .' 

What  is  the  face  of  the  etamtry  .'  ^Ins.  The  interior  is  imper- 
fectly known,  but  several  nuui'tain  ranues  app.'ar  to  run  t'nan 
N.  to  S.  throuirh  tho  whole  eountry,  havinu-  between  tliern  the 
valleys  of  the  great  rivers  Jrruwad'dy,  Mei'nam,  and  CaniUidia, 

HINDOOSTAN. 

Square  milp«,  l,100,iXK>.— I'opuliition,  lxH),iX»0.(MH).— Pop.  to  sq.  m„  Un. 

1.  Hindoostan  has  been  noted  in  all  wises  Tor 
r'vilization  nnd  rich  products  for  conineice 


lo.  The  Hiutloort  iirii  .loted  for  lUKlianyiii, 
to  their  soeial  ami  reliiziotis  iitslituiinin*. 

lb  SoveriilhuinlrtMl  inissionariesfroiii  Britain  and  Aineri- 
eji  are  now  laborinf?  to  introduce  Christiiinity,  luitl  Imve 
printed  the  Bible  in  most  of  the  Indian  hin^'uii^'on. 

17.  Ainoii^'  the  idants  ari;  the  iinble  jinlm'trri',  the  fra- 
f.'rant  s<nulal-\rooii,  the  hamhoo,  used  for  niaHts.  feuees.  mat,-*, 
ha.skets.  pipeK,  vVe.  ;  and  the  baniian-tree.  wbieli  .  trikeft  its 
luancheM  into  the  ground,  fonnin-.'  heautibd  arlHU-H,  8ome- 
tiines  half  a  mil.,  in  eireuit,  and  capable  uf  nhading  au  unny  ;  taste  ?  7.  spirit  ? 
nfrteveral  thouptand  men,  j  lo.  reiiL'ion  f     11 


lianijanfr€(. 

2.  It  is  th'^  most  fertile  coinUry  in  Asia,  and,  text  to 
China,  tlie  nio.n  jwipubais.  I 

3.  Uice  is  iha  ^ncat  article  of  food  and  tho  Htajdo  pn>- 
diiction.  Sujiar,  coitcm,  indigo,  and  upium  aro  also  largely 
raised  for  cxporta'ion. 

4.  India  has  been  celebrated  from  time  immemorial  for 
rich  cotton  j^orMls,  silks,  aial  otlier  tine  manufactures.  i 

5.  The  Hindoos  are  as  I)hick  as  the  negmes  of  Africa, 
but  in  their  fe-iturea  thev  resendde  Knropeans. 

(i.  They  are  verj*  polished  and  courteous  in  iheir  man- 
ners, and  exhibit  retined  taste  in  many  of  their  ancient 
buildinj.'8  and  literary  works. 

7.  They  submit  tamely  lo  oppression  and  foreign  rule, 
and  have  always  been  easily  etanpn'red. 

8.  Kor  several  hundred  years  they  wcrr  niled  bv  Mo- 
Imnmieilans  under  the  Cireat  >bt;.'ul;  but  since  the  middle 
(d'  the  hist  century  the  Ilritisli  Ka-sT  India  Company  has  ex- 
tended its  dominion  over  nearly  tin*  wlnde  ecMUilrv. 

!).  'I'he  total  number  of  Ijiropeatis  in  India  is  iinlv  about 
.'iU.OOO  ;  the  army  which  holds  the  conntrv  in  sulijectioi, 
consisting  chieHy  of  native  lroo[)s,  called  tiepoys,  trained 
nnd  conunand<'d  by  British  (dlicers. 

10.  The  ilindoiis  worship  Brahma  and  other  idols  with 
manv  licentious  and  crmd  ceremonies,  including  self-tor- 
ture and  even  suicide  in  varifms  forms. 

11.  The  Suffft',  or  practice  of  burning  widi)Ws  nn  the 
funeral  piles  of  their  liusbaiaN.  prevaih-d  erjensivrdv  till 
abolished  bv  the  British  unvermiifnt  in  l!i:iO. 

V2.  Tin?  H"  ^'jos  are  dividi'd  into  four  castes:  1 .  Bnimins. 
or  priests;  ;  .oldiers  ;  3.  Merchants;  and,  A.  Sudras,  or 
laborers. 

I'J.  The  castes  not  do  in'ennarrv.  or  rven  cat  or  drink 
willi  ea(di  (dher  ;  and  if  anv  one  violates  the  r:des  of  caste, 
he  is  driven  from  society-  us  utterly  odious  ai.-l  abonnna- 

ble. 

11.  The  outcasts  are  called  Fariahs,  and  now  form  about 
one  liftlt  of  the  whole  po]Hdution. 


IJJ.  Tigers,  hyenas,  and  huge  sorpents  abound   in  the   rules  of  cast 
forests;  and  elephants  are  here  tamed  in  great  numbers, 
and  made  almost  a  '■  usebd  as  horses  in  Kurope. 

\\).  The  Mtikrafftm,  in  the  Di'ccan,  the  Pinifdrm,  in  the 
mountains  along  the  Nerb'uhlah.and  XhvSi'iks,  in  the  prov- 
inces on  the  L'jjper  Indus,  are  the  most  warlike  tribes. 

20.  Ctylon  (selon').  a  beautiful  island  oil'  the  Toronian- 
del  coa.st,  is  noted  for  cinnamon  groves  and  a  jM-arl  fi.sher\'. 

Calcutta,  the  capital,  largest  city,  and  residence  of  a 
majority  c*' tho  Kuropeans  in  India,  is  on  the  lioogly,  one 
of  the  arms  of  the  (ian:.'es. 

Dac'ca,  also  on  the  Delta  of  the  fiange.i,  is  nf>ted  for  the 
fmesl  muslins  in  the  world.  PuCno,  on  the  (Janges.  is  the 
emporium  of  the  opium  and  salMa-ter  tniile.  Urnm-rs  {Itv- 
nairz')  is  the  holy  {'ity  of  (he  Hindoos,  and  graral  de|Misi- 
tory  of  tiieir  rtdi;:ion  and  leannng.  Ih'/'hj,  on  the  .lunma, 
was  the  chief  seat  of  the  Moyul  emperors,  and  has  the  linest 


udhereuco  ^  western  capital  of  Bj-itish  India,  lindrabad' ,ur  (iolcon'tln, 
iti  the  interior  of  southern  HitnbMistan,  is  famous  for  its 
diamoialH ;  and  Jui:erniaiit,  nn  the  east  coutft,  is  the  lemplo 
of  the  niost  famous  idol  of  the  Hindoos. 

Cohm'ho,  ou  the  S.W.  coast  of  Ceyinn,  is  tho  cn|»ilal  and 
emporium  of  the  island ;  and  J'l/ftifipnfam',  at  tho  north 
end,  is  a  station  of  American  missionaries, 

Qursfionn.—\.  For  what  is  Hind(M)stnn  noted  ?  3.  soil  ?  ,^.  pnxl- 

urts?  1.  niannfartnres  f  5.  romplexitai  ?  tV-atures  ?  )l.  manners? 

H.  Who  uovern  .'    M.  How  many  Kuropeans? 

What  i.s  saiii  of  Salteo  ?  I'J.  of'casles  f  l:i.  of 


J  11.  of  Pariahs  '  ]:>.  of  regard  tiir  sm-ial  institu- 
titam  /  Itl.of  niissicaiaries  .'  17.  plants  ?  IH  aninic's  ?  lit.  W'fu-.r, 
null  fin-  vhat  uofrd,  nre  the  Mabruttas?  I'indan  .-a  f  Cioiks  /  20. 
Ceylon?  Calcutta  ?  H  .-.«■(■  a  ?  Ac. 

FARTHER  INDIA. 

Hquare  inilrP.  !»))0.(KHt.— ['opulation,     '  OOO.fHH).— I'nj).  to  pq.  m..  21. 

1.  Farther  IiKha  resembles  both  China  and 
Hindoostan,  and  is  sometimes  called  Cliin-In- 
dia. 


jVo'/'/f  of  Jumna  Musji: 
mosipic  In  India.  Unrthrui-' ,in\  th 
for  t..e  ■■realest  fair  in  India. 

Cashnurr',  in  a  beaulifut  \allev  if  ihe  IliimnMb'h  mount- 
ains, is  noted  for  ri*h  shawl-,  made  of  thi'  hair  (d'  the  Tiliet 
L'oat.  l.nfiorr',  in  tlie  Bunjab,  is  the  capiliU  of  the  Seiks, 
and  Ainrifsir'.  their  holy  city. 

Snr-ftt',  on  the  Taptee,  was  ratce  ihe  greatest  emporium 
in  Imlia.  and  is  slill  next  to  Cajciitt.i.  Ma.ir.::;'.  tnx  llie 
Coromamie]  coa.st.  is  the  .-apital  of  oU''  of  the  presidencies 


d'  Brili.ili  India,  and  /*i>nitirhrr'r//,  capital  of  Front  h  India. 
Tfinjinr',  nu  the  Ca.ery.  is  the  rival  of  Benares  in  learnin;.' 
an<l  spleiulor.  (ruti,  a  Borluguese  cily  on  the  west  c<»as!, 
is  famous  for  its  iiupiisitiun.     liomhay^  on  an  island,  is  the 


Capturing  th   IMU  FJifihaut. 
2.  It  cianprisos  As'sam.  Armcan',  Birmah.  Ahilac'ca.Hiam', 
Cambo'dia,  Fa'os,  Co'(diin  Cbina,  and  Tnmpiin. 

'A.  These  ciaintries  are  td'len  at  war  with  eai  h  other,  and 
freipienlly  change  Oiasters. 

'1.   Birmah,  or  the  Birman  empire,  comprises  the  former 

'•"'  ^''^'"-  ikiuL'doms  td"  I'eizii  and   Ava.  the  hrst  occupying  tho  Delia 

l.ppertJangos,  isnoted  :  of  the  Irniwaddy.  and  the  last.  Ihe  upper  |)arl  td' its  valley. 

I      5.  Siam,  o<-cupying  ihe   valley  of  Mei'nam  liver,  willi 

mramtain  ratu'es  on  each  side,  has  been  more  uniliainly 

iUi  imb'pendt-nt  kingdom  than  the  other  countrii-s. 

I      tt.   Cambodia,  Laos,  and  Tiunpiin  (Ion-keen')  have  been 

(■ompiered  within  the  last  5(1  vears  bv  the  king  of  Cochin 

Chimi,  whose  lerritcn-ies  form  ihe  empire  (d'  .Anani. 

i      7.   A?;:-;ani,  Arniran.  Ma!arr;i,  and  a  narrow  di-lrirl  idnnrr 

I  the  western  coast,  norlh  of  Malaccii,  now  Udoni,'  ti)  (ireat 


Britain,  which  wresb-d  iheni  clnellv 


from  Binni 
Siam,  and 


di 

A  mini  aro 


JI.  The  governments   oi    Birmah, 
simple,  absfdute.  despoli<>  nionan  hies. 

f».  The  Malays,   who  occupy  Malacca,  arc   .Mohammo* 


ilaim.     Tlio   i^M'oplw  of  thii  (itlinr  iiruviiiceH  are   iclolatum,  I      QDE8TI0M8  ON  THE  MAP. 
wiir»liii)r^r«i)l  UciimIIi  iir  (iaiiiliiiiiii.  [     ANiJIKNT  OIIKKCK— Wlmt  prn 

10.  AKiiciillntc)  Hiiil  llm  iiil«  »io  lii».i  ttilviinceil  llmii  in   iinuln  in   llw  miutli     Ant.  I'l-lo/xiniie'- 
Chillil  iir  liiiiiliMi^taii.  j  tuiH,     In  what  iiiirt  of  the  l'el4)|i<i)in('iiiiM 

11.  Tlici  ciiirrinimiirarturo  in  iinii^'ttn  of  (iiiii<liiinii,  wliifli  '  *""  Arhu'iaf     In  wliiit  part,  Ar'finlis  ' 
»re  ridilv  iiaiiili-cl  anil  Kililnl  \  and  llic  ti'iii|ileH  cil  tliia  liu-   A"'""'"  '  Menu' ma  !  EU»  I  Arm,l(„ 

alniiwt  lllii  CMily  niili'lliliil  I'lliliirH. 


ity  arc 

ri.  Till)  planiM  and  aniniaU  aru  likr  tlnmo  of  IliiuluoHtan 

A'vA,  on  the  Upper  Irrawailcly,  is  tln^  capital  of  llinnali ; 
anil  four  miles  from  it  is  Vmrntrnpim'  rn,  the  liirrner  capital, 
now  deserted.  Jiuitfjoon',  on  the  Delia  of  llio  liTawaddy, 
in  llii>  chief  port  of  Hirniali ;  and  Ppttn' ,  on  the  Mtuiu  iiuitu, 
was  once  tlie  capital  of  an  independent  kin^'doin. 

IIan'kok,  the  capilal  of  Siain,  on  iho  Mei'nam,  in  a  float- 
In^'  city,  half  Iho  honses  liein^'  on  linnilioii  rafts,  moored  in 
the  river.  S»niov',  ilie  rapilal  of  (,'anil»i(lia,  is  a  sironj; 
city,  near  the  tnonth  of  Camooilia  river,  Hck,  also  strong- 
ly fortilied,  near  the  sea.  Is  the  capitjU  of  (.'iH:hin  China. 

Sinf*nimrt'' ,  on  an  island  at  thu  end  of  the  jM'ninsnla  of 
Malac'ca;  Mu/itr'ra,  on  flio  straits  of  Mahu'ca,  and  Am'krrsf, 
on  lliu  border  of  llirmah,  are  the  chief  llritisli  settlenienU. 

Qiieilioiu.—l.  What  does  Fnrther  Inilia  rosemlile  f  2.  What 
countries  dooB  it  ceinpriHC  f  3.  relution§  toeacli  otlier?  1.  W'K.if 
in  mill  of  Hirninh  I  0.  of  Siaiil  (  ti.  CainlKiilia,  I.niis,  anil  Ton- 
i|uin  t  7.  What  imrts  are  Uritish  '  H.  government  !  II.  religion  T 
111.  till!  nrH  .Ml.  nniaufacturea  ?  li.  plants  (  uniiinils  I  W'lieru, 
and  Ibr  what  iiotud,  Ava  f  iVc. 

ANCIENT  GEOGRAPHY. 


Londtuilo  3;5Kai(froinCrcfii 


Wheru   was  Atlicat    lian/tM?    i%> 

CIM  I 

In  whit'h  of  tlin  Grecian  itntei  wim 
Athcim  \      Wliirli   wiiy   I'nmi   Athene 

WHJi  Mn/iitfintt,  iintfit  (or  a  ■iKiinl  (luCcKt 
ofllio  I'lTfliaiis  /  Wliii'h  way,  tlm  islr 
of  Sal'dini^,  oH'  which  wai  loiii^ht  thi- 
tn-atul  naval  hiittk^  wliich  Htayed  th4< 
thio  of  I'tTsiun  invriiion  ?  Which  wiiy. 
Kfru'»in,  lh»'  neat  of  the  thricudBcn'ii 
myHtcrius  t  Which  way,  ('o/tn/fi,  with 
itH  citadel  on  a  riM'k  tubu  fci't  higli,  tliu 
(iihrultar  of  tlnj  l'cl(i|Minncf(iis  ? 

In  what  part  of  thu  i't->ln|Kinnt'HiM 
wcro  Mi^Ci^ntc  aikI  Tir^nn,  notoii  for 
niina  morn  masiy  than  any  in  t\w  world 
except  the  oyraniiils  ()f  Kjjypt  1  In 
what  part,  Sparta,  noted  for'its  hrav- 
cry  f  In  what  part,  ()///inj/i(t,  the 
scene  (tf  the  Ohiiypic  frames  ( 

In  which  of  the  (Irecian  stntcs  wan 
IVirfiiH  ?  In  which,  J'/uftm.  where 
:t()0,()mi  Persianii  were  defeated,  nnri 
the  iiower  of  Xerxea  completely  hro- 
ken  f  In  which,  Chfroiurti,  theVTeat 
hattle-plainon  which  the  fiite  of  (Jreecc 
was   repeatcilly  deeidcii  f     In  which. 

Ih'l'phi,  noted  "fur  itH  oracle,  iit  the  f.M)t  of  I'ltrnasHim  ?  In  which,  the  [ihiiiis  of  Phnmnha,  nicniornld.'  tlir  the  defi'at  of  IVm- 
pey  hy  Cujsar  /  In  what  part  of  the  Cyehuiea  uro  Viiro^,  noted  liir  its  beautiful  niarhhs  and  AufuMi'niH,  lor  its  wonderful  grot- 
toes ?     -" 

I 
the 


Whfre  WM  the  vnio  of  TVm/w  ?  Mt.  Ohnnpun  ?  Mf.  (hsa  ?  ML  Prfion  ?  MfiKfo  ?     What  famous  pass  heiweon  Mt.  (Eta  and 
1  sea,  only  ii:<  feet  wide,  wlicre  I.eoriida«  ami  his  little  hand  of  ;(i)o  Simrtans  resisted  for  three  davB  the  whole  IVrHian  nnov  / 


l\  ASIAMINOR 


hr'ri'i.i.  and  licfhsct'ida  ,'    In  what  ]iart  of  (iitlilct'  was  Sri/lfiop^' 
I'lm.  (he  chief  of  the  ten  cities  cidlcd  lieeap'olis  i 

On  which  side  of  the  .lordan  were  the  connlrirs  of  T/ZAv/J  dnil 

What  eountrv  on  the  cnnst  N.  of  I'ldcstiiie?  '  H'^fi""  .'  On  which  siih-  of  the  Dead  sea,  tite  cunutries  of  Ain- 

he  K.  and  S.  !  "What  sea  on  tin-  W.  .'    What  .  '"""  '""•  •^/'"'''  ■'    Whi're  does  ffif  Julihnk  empty  '.     Where,  thv 

•ncr  .'     What  river  risfs  in  the  .\.  of  Palest  inc. '  -1''"""  ■'   What  fanions  cities  on  the  coast  of  I'hn-nicia.  ntPiih  of 

Dead  sea  *    Name  the  hirt-'i'st  of  the  two  lakes    I''il<'stine  ?   What  famous  mountains  parallel  with  the  coast  of 

ilordan  flows  in  tin'  upper  [lart  of  its  course,  i  Phu'iiicia  /     What  famous  city  in  t'(elo  Svria,  la'tween  mounts 

Lehanun  and  Anti-Lebanon  ?  I 


PAhKr^TINlv 
What  desert  on 
sea  in  the  S,K-  en 
and  runs  S.  to  the 

throiiL'h  whirl)  the  .h)rdan  flows  in  the  upper  | 
In  what  part  of  Palestine  was  Jitdnt  f  In  what  part,  (in/i/i 
In  what  part.  Sninnrin  f  In  what  part  were  (i-iZ'i.  Asfirfnn, 
Ai*ft)lod.  and  Kknnt.  the  cities  of  the  IMiilistines  /  In  what  iiart, 
Dan  f     In  what  part.  fUrrstluhd  ' 

Which  was  the  principal  city  ofjinlea  anil  Palestine  ?  Whioh 
way  Inan  the  month  of  the  Jordan  was  ./fniau/nn  f  V\'hich 
way  from  .lemsalem  was  Iltfhhlnin,  the  birthplace  of  .lesns 
Christ?     \Vhich  way.  ih'hron,  where  Abraham  was  buried  .' | 


M^W  M  i\OU.— What  seas  (Hi  the  X.  of  Asia  Minor?  What 
sea  on  the  W.  ?  What  strait  hctween  the  Kuxine  and  the  I'ro 
pontis  7  between  tin*  ProiK)nti8  and  the  /Kijean  sea.'  117/^// 
thn-t'  prm'iniTs  on  the  Kuxine  ?  on  the  /ICu^ean  sea  /  on  the  south 
ern  coast?    What  three  in  the  interior  { 

Which  wav  fnnn  Snivrna  was  Sanliit,  the  residence  of  Ki 


Which  way,  and    Crtpsns.  fanu)us  for  his  riches?  Which  wav, /■'/''''' 
ih  f     Whidl  wav  ■       -'   - 


unce  the 
pride  of  Asia,  and  famous  for  the  temple  of  tlu-  uodtless  Diana  / 
How  many  of  the  seven  chun-hes  adttressed  by  St.  .lohn  in  the 
Hevi'lation.  viz.,  J-'/ihrsits,  Siuipna,  J'ir:;awits.  Tfit/attra,  iSi/r 
ills.  l'lni'i(i<!phia,  ami  l.iiii<liir<t,  were  in  I.ydia  .' 

Where  was  the  beautiful  island  of  <'i//>riis,  the  fabled  birth 
plact!  of  Venus,  and  noteil  tor  vohiptnousnesa  ?    In  what  part  of 


\\'hich  way,  and  near  what  river,  Jt-rirh 

fin  what  sea.  Kii'i/nlt .'     Which  way.  A 

/irtffvl  f     Whii'h  way,  ICm'mntis  f     Which  way,  and  on  what 

sea.  Jitpjia  f 

What  city  In  f?anmria  between  nionnts  FAtal  »nd  (h'r'Hhn  ? 
Which  way  fnim  .lerusaletn  was  Samaria  /  Which  way  from 
Hamaria,  and  on  what  sea.  (Jtntarra  / 

In  what  partofdalilce  was  fhv  plain  of  F.Kilrac' Ion  1  On  which  j  the  island,  Pavhas,  noted  for  a  siplendid  temple  to  Venns  *  Otf  and  />< 
side  of  the  plain  was  Mi-'^idila  f  On  whi<'h  ."(ide,  Jrz're  ti.  ami  the  what  coast,  Jifioilrs,  famous  tor  its  maritime  power.  an<l  lor  its 
in'»i„f,iin:<  nf  (!,Hu„i  f  On  whi.-h  «id".  otnuut  fl.',;„.>»  '  (>n  '  bra/en  colossus,  100  fpet  hit.'h  '  Which  way  fnim  Sniynia  was 
which  side,  inniinf  Tahor,  anil  the  cities  ol  \<iin  nn,i  l-'.vilor  '  i  I'atiiias,  to  which  St.  John  was  banisln.Ml.  and  where  he  wrote 
On  whichsiile,A'//r(//«7//,  where  .lesnsChristlived  when  achild?  the  Hevelations  ?  Off  what  niast,  lA^sbos,  the  birthi'laee  of 
Which  way  from  Na;i»areth  was  Cana,  wliere  the  watt-r  was  '  Hnppho,  and  noteil  for  debaucherj-  t 

made  wine  1   What  river  nins  thninuh  the  plain  of  Ksdraelon  /  j      Where  was   Troy,  fanmus  tor  the  ten  years'  sieije  Iiy  the 
What  mountain  south  of  the  river  Kishon,  nnrl  extetidint:  to  the    (i  reeks,  1181  years  bct'ore  Christ?  What  mount  iiin  near  Tniy  ? 


Me.literranean  '     (Jn  or  near  what  sea  were  Cajter'nnum,  7V-  \  Into  what  sea  did  the  little  rivvr  (ir<7ii'tni!t  empty,  wli 


antler  first  defeaterl  the  Persinns  ?  On  what  strait.  Hifzam  m, 
now  Con.'itiintinople  \  Was  lUzantium  in  Knrope  or  Asia  } 
What  eitv  on  the  Asiatic  rtide  ol'the  Hosphorus.  opposite  Byzan 
tium  .'  \V  liicli  wa>-  trnni  Ityzantium,  ami  on  what  sea,  Sia/tnr- 
ilai.  the  residence  of  the  kinus  of  Ilithynia.  and  at  one  time  tho 
rival  of  Home  ?  Wliieli  wav  fi*oni  Nicomedia  was  AVcc,  famous 
for  the  ueneral  council  whii'h  formeil  the  Nicene  Creed,  A.D. 
^^'^:>  f  In  what  part  of  Asia  Minor  was  Vontn.*,  anciently  a  pow- 
erful kinu'dom  .'  In  what  province,  and  near  what  sea.  the  coun- 
try of  the  Aniazon.-i,  the  celebrated  female  warriors  \ 

In  what  pnivince.  Tarsna.  the  birthplace  of  St.  Paul,  and  rival 
of  AthetiH  and  Alexandria  in  leaniinu'  and  ri'linoment  ?  Which 
way  from  Tarsus  was  Issiis.  where  Alexander  C4UH|Uered  Da- 
rius, and  opene<l  his  way  into  all  Asia?  Whiih  \.ay  fntm  Tar- 
sus and  Issiis  were  /'•  and  Ilaraii.  the  oriL'inal  al«ide  of  the  ]ia- 
triarch  Abraham  !  Which  way  from  Tarsus  was  Antiorh  on  f/,e 
Oronfts.  once  the  L'reatest  city  tif  the  Kast  ?  Which  wh_\  ^nMn 
Tarsus,  Anfiorh  ni  I'lsiil/a.  where  the  f<illower8  of  our  Savitir 
were  proi)ably  first  called  Christians  f 

In  what  part  of  Asia  Minor  was  d'alafia.  to  the  inhabitants 
of  which  St.  Paul  wrote  the  Kpistle  to  the  tialulians  '  In  what 
pnivinee,  (to.  ihuin.  where  Alexander  cut  the  (iordian  knot  '  In 
what  proviia'e.  ami  what  part  of  the  province.  Irontui/i.  l.if^tra, 
/•('.  mentioned  Acts  xiv.  ?  In  what  province,  and  what 
part  of  the  province.  Colos'se.  to  tin  inhabitants  of  winch  St. 
Paul  wrote  his  Kpistle  to  the  Colossiaiis  ! 

In  what  proMiiee  were  Per^a  and  Attaii'a.  mentioned  Acts 
xiv. .'  In  what  part,  the  (j reek  cities  of  ,>////7/,  Tdmcs&us,  Cnidns, 
and  M'flasa,  th.^  niitis  of  whose  vast  temples  and  Cyclopean  mon- 
uments are  visible  at  tins  day  ?  In  w  hat  part.  llalteaintas'AUs,  the 
lirthplace  of  Henwiotus  an'd  many  other  creat  men**     What 


■re 


:\lex  '  river,  noted  for  its  \\  indiiiLr  course,  sej  aratcil  Lydia  thun  Caria  ? 


QUESTIONS  AND  EXERCISES  OK  THE  MAP, 
ASIATIC  ISLANDS, nrKAST  INI>I  AX  A  l[( 'HI  pK  I.A' 
—hi  wliiit  zdiic  iin- till'  Asiiilif  isliimls  '  Winch  is  ihr  t.'irL'. 
In  whiil  imrt  (tf  tilt' Arfhi|it'liii:(i  Hrfllic  PliiU[i|inu!  islands  .' 
\\  hut  purt,  Sanmtra  (  Jn  whiit  pnrt,  .hivn.  riii<i  tht;  sTimll  ish 
Huh,  riuinhawH,  Flnrcq,  find  Tiumr  !  In  whut  pint,  tht*  S 
ishiiidH  !  Cch-dii's  I  Wliiit  ishmds  lirtwc'ri  Hnrneii  imd  thi-  1 
ippini's  7  So.  W'hfif  sijinrntca  Snnintrii  !'■•  tni  Mahircii  ?  Su 
Ini  Iriiin  .liiva  ?  liorncu  fmni  Cclrht's  ?  HtinuMi  and  the  1 
ifipiiii'S  Inini  Fartlicr  Indhi  and  ('hina?  \\'h<'ri'  is  tlif  isl 
ul' Uuijca '/     Uii  what  island  is  Manilla  ?  Batavia  /  Macass 


1.  The  Asiatic  isk's  are  n^'tcd  Inr  Efold.diii- 
moiids.  and.  csi't'-ially,  *'»r  rich  s])ices. 


AUSTRALASIA.— In  what  part  (if  the  Parifif  is  Australasia? 
On  which  side  itf  tht;  t'lpiatur  ?  lii  whnt  -/..in'g  ?  Whifli  is  tln^ 
laru't'.st  iKtdyofland  in  Auslriihisia?  \\'lii<  h  way  tnun  Austra- 
iia  is  Papua  or  New  Cuima  ?  What  Hlrmt  Reparatt-s  ihctn  ? 
Which  u-ai/fiom  Srir  (imiHtt  arc  New  Hrilaiii  and  Nt'w  Irchir-.i? 
Snlonion's  islands  \  New  H<'hridL'.s  ?  New  I'liJcdnnia  I  Wnidi 
way  tVotn  Australia  is  N'.w  Zt'uliiu<l  f  What  strait  divi',',-!i  Xcw 
Zealand  into  two  larL-c  islands  \  Whirh  wriy  trcni  Au.siralia 
is  Van  Uienn'ii's  Lim-l  ?     What  strait  scpanifcs  tiicin  .' 

In  what  part  id'  AusiraUa  i.s  New  South  Wulcs  /  In  what 
part,  Swan  river  colony  .'  lu  what  jmrt.  Sy  hu'V.  Port  .lack.son, 
mill  liotany  l-'ty  ?  On' what  islarid.  :iii(l  wiiat  part  of  the  i.shuii!, 
Huhart  town?  fn  what  zone  is  Papwa  ?  Soliinain's  i.-'Jands  ? 
Ni-w  Zi;:i!a:itl?  \ n-.i  Dienu-it's  \.:vA  ?  Hnw  l-ir  (Voiii  Htihart 
town  to  tlic  uewly  diseuvered  WMtthurn  ciuitincnt  ? 

POL YXKSTA.— /"/*  irhaf  juirl  of  I'oti/iifi.iir,,  niu}  nf,  whirl,  )ti,fr 
rf  thr.  ri/iia/ur,  are  the  Sarnlwieli  ishnids  '  I.adniries  anrl  (*am- 
li'ie  islaiids  ^  .Maripiesas  '  SiM-ictv  islnn(l«(  ^  Friehdlv  islamls  "* 


A  MitmiJ  running  .< 

All  tiif  hir::r  ishitHl>  an;  traviTscd  liv  h'fty  ir.onntJiiiis. 
which  lenipiT  till  tierce  lieiil  ot'  the  tropical  sun,  i.nil  j/ivc 
rise  to  niitriiTons  f-treauis  that  Certili/c  tfn-  soil,  inaUing  tiii.-* 
one  ol'  ihe  most  favored  rei^'ion-*  on  the  j,'|(d*e. 

'.i.  The  orii-'iiial  inliaiiitanls  were  Orieiitnl  iirLTnes :  !m! 
Ilirnloo.^,  Mahivs,  and  I'liropeans  iiavo  sinco  Kuccessivelv 
.■-ettled  in  the  i.-hiiuls.  and  (ditained  the  a.'*cendencv  iti  the 
inariliiiji*  districts.  The  Sjianiards  now  nih?  iti  tlie  I'lnlip- 
pines.  and  thu  Dutcli  in  ihe  orher  islands. 

'1.  The  Dutch  nmintiiin  their  awt'iidenry  partly  liv  in- 


tn:^ue  with  ctmtenditiL'  tribes,  and  partK  Tiy  forts  and  tar* 
risons.  and  an  .amy  in  Javu  of  15,0li()  men,  tiOtIO  of  wiioin 
are  l!iti*opeans. 

Ti.  'I'he  Malays,  wlio  fonn  tlie  innjority  of  die  pnpidation 
in  several  <d  these  i>Ianil-.  are.u  very  }»assionate  people, 
and  when  hiuddy  excited  not  ind"re<pH'ntly  einl  their  lives 
hy  "  niniiiiij;  amok."  ,  Tin*  .Malay  who  lias  resoUed  on  tliia 
step  prejiares  liimself  ]»y  chewin;.'  opium  till  he  is  half  in- 

;  Iipxicaled.and  then,  tlirou  in^'  loose  his  Ion;.',  Mack  iiair,  and 

Idiawln;.'  his  ileailly  crise,  he  nisiies  into  the  street,  cr\iuj» 

I"  kill !  kill  I"  and  strikes  at  every  onu  whom  ho  nit'OlH  in 
hit!  t'orifiiis  career  till  In-  is  slain. 

(!.  liou'-NK),  the  larL-'cst  of  the  Asiatir  islands,  ia  nntrd 
for  the  oniriLT-outan^',  an  ape  sironL'ly  resenililim:  man  ;  for 
vahialde  di-imoitd  mines;  and  for  tlie  richest  f;ohl  niinrA 
in  the  world,  except  those  ii\'  S.  America  and  Central  Afri- 
ca. The  f:uld  is  oUiained  cliiellj  fntm  wiLshings  ot  alluvial 
deposits  hy  ('hiiiO'C  settlers. 

7.  SrM\'i  k.^  contains  mount  Oplijr,  13.000  feet  oiL'h  ;  and 
is  noted  f(ir  pejtper  and   camphor,  wiiich  are  obtained  in 

i  laiv  ^plantitil^^  in  the  soiilhi-m  pari  of  the  ishiiid. 

j      It.  The  Ihif'fux,  a   penple  whtt  have  u  written  tanfrii»t'**, 

j  and  are  in  some  respects  eidtivatetl,  hut  addicted  to  canni- 

Mialisni.  {-lupv  the  \,\\'.  par!  of  .Si;matj'a, 

I  f>.  ]i(in  (v/,  a  small  ishiiid  tdrthe  S.l',.  coast  of  Stimatrn.  iw 
famous  (iir  Ms  tin  mines,  which  yield  more  than  any  other 

I  on  tile  ^d(dt,\  except  lho>e  of  Cornwall  in  Knfjiand. 

10.  .U'vA.lhe  most  cultivated  ami  popnlons  of  the  Asiatir 

I  islands,  yields  rice,  suirur,  coHee,  teak  tiinher.  Xv.,  in  suc-h 


ASIATIC    ISLES,    A  U  S  T  11  A  L  A  S  I  A,  A  N  D    P  O  L  Y  N  R  S  1  A. 


OA 


nhtuiiliiiit'i',  tliut  till)  roM'iiiiM  t'roiri  tlio  iritaml  tii  Ihn  Dtitiili 
goMTiiuifHt  hiw  iM'fii,  in  Noiiir  ji'tiCM,  iiniilv  |l.'»,OuO,Ult((. 

II.    Iliil  l.ll  nlilllll  inliillil  i'ii.hI  nlMitvii,  ill  IKilcii  liir  nlill  I'r'- 

laiiiiiig  tlif  IliiKliin  CI' I  fiiiil  iitrttituliuiH,  whii-li  wi'i'u  ^^vn• 

iTiilly  uliiiiiiloiii'il  hy  llir  Miilujt  imil  .liivjiiir*!'  in  llir  iiiImt 
;<liiiiiU  wlirii  MiiliaininrihiiiiMnt  wiu  iulKKlnci'd  lUU  yiMU'H 
Uf{n  liy  Anilt  niin'rtianlH. 

IJ.  .Siimliii'irii  in  iiiitnl  I'lir  ilH  terrilic  vcilcaiiii,  llii'  riiuiin^ 
iirwiiii'li,  ill  IIM.'i,  will  liraril  at  a  iliilami!  iil'.MII)  iiiilin. 

i:i.  Cn.'kiiKi,  wi  inili'iili'il  liy  l>ay«  llial  il  runiit  a  i  Inxlrr 

of  |ii'iiiu9ala«,  in  inluiliilril  in  tin itlirin  |>arl  liv  lln'  iiiiMt 

I'litT^i^tir  aiitl  f-innni>'i'<'ial  |)i'i)|il<i  in  tlm  A''''!ii|iclaf.'n. 

II.  'I'ln'  Sroluii  isl'ii'ih,  ■•  lllr  Al^'ii  r«  cif  llif  Ijlsl,"  liavc 
IVnni  IIOII  Id  Hill  vi'srK'in,  inanni'il  liy  Irn  lliiin»anii  inrii,i'iiii- 
tiiinally  cMnani'd  in  |iiriti'y. 

ITi.  Till)  .Miii.i  1 '(  A^.  "!•  Seici;  iti.ANin,  nrn  nnti'cl  tiir 
IliiiHr  rari^  !*|ii(rf*,  tin-  duvt'  anil  nnlliir^',  wliicli  an;  nii«fil 
iKiwIin-r  i-Ur  in  lilt'  wmitl"  llii'  |)nli  li,  l«i  |irri*iT\n  lliu  uiu- 
llii|iiily.  Ilavillf,'  I'Xlil'iMili'il  till'  Iiff"  in  nlliiT  iHlaiulii. 

III.  Tilt'  1*1111. ii''riNK  iti.Asns  art'  rit'li  in  i-itc,  hii<^iir,  unit 
oIIk'i*  valnablu  trnpii  al  pi.iilin-lrt   btil  ntit  in  ui'iiinatiLii. 

P'ltii'iiii,  tliti  ra|iital  111'  .lava,  anil  nf  all  lln-  Dnii  li  piw- 
w'Ksiiins  ill  llii'  I..WI.  in  a  f!i'i'Hl  t'ni|>iiriiiin.  lln'  prtiilnco  iil 
tile  ililti'n'Mtisl.iiitli'irilii'  Aiilii|i<^la);"l"'iiiy  InTu  (.'Xilmiii;- 
jtl  till-  ljirii|)faii,  (.'liiiii'-f,  aiul  Iniliu  ^ikhI  . 

M,ivil'l,i.  the  raiiilal  uf  tin-  riiiliii|iiiit-s.  s  ilit-  lari;t--<t  i-ily 
ill  lln-  Aitlii|it-lauii.  ami  a  plaftt  of  titiiKitI*  taltln  I'tiiiiincrri'. 

Ilitiniu'lrn  anil  I'lilriii/iiiiif;'  all'  iM-llli'ii  ills  buluiigiiiu  U) 
tliti  Dulcli  iu  tliu  mintlii'in  pint  uf  .Sninali  i. 

(luftliimn—l.  Fur  wlint  nri-  thi'  Aiiiitic  slt'ii  iintPil  7  5.  rli 
ninlu  mill  «iiil  /  a.  Who  iiiliiihit  llii'in  >.  I.  ll-w  tlo  tin-  Diiuh 
iiiiiiiitiiiii  thi'ir  iiHft'iitlfiirv  f  W'liiit  id  riiiiiiiiic  iiiiiok  t     li. 

UVm/  /I  »,ii,l  lit  Itiirm-o  > ''.  iit  .~uiiMlni  (  rt.  ol  111.-  H.itliiH  i  >J. 
Hiiiu-ii  ?  111.  .Iiim  /  II.  Ituli?  1-.'  iSuiiihiiivii  I  1;)  Cil  l-s  f  14. 
HiHiloo  i»hiiiil»  I  l.'i.  MiiIiii:™h,  ur  .-JiiiL-u  iak-s  /  Iti.  1  niliiiiiinc 
iali>9  \  llutuviu  f  MuiiiUu.'  \c, 

AUSTRALASIA. 

Anstraliisifi  cniisisls  uf,  1.  .Ati^lruliii,  or  Nt-w  Udllaiid  ;  2. 
Vim  DiniMMi'M  l-ami  ;  :i.  N'W  /caljiini  ;  1.  I'iip'iia.  oi-  New 
(iiiiin'u;  J.  Svw  Hriluiii  mid  Ni-w  Irrlaml  :  tl.  JSoluiiiun's 
i:iluii(is;  7.  Now  ilub'niloa  iimi  N«'\v  CaUiloniu. 

AL'srnAMA,  OR  Nkw  IIoiiam). 
1.    Australiii    is  the   Inrirest  island   in  the 
World,  iiiul  is  sometimes  culled  a  continent. 

-Z.  I-inJ.'  is  knnvMi  <it  tlir  iiili'iiiif.  ljiro|icaiis  iia\iiiy  no- 
wIhtc  |)i  iit-n-alol  any  runsiilciaMi'  tlistaiitt',  fxtipt  near 
tin-  llrili>ii  wtlli'itiiMii>  ill  till'  S.i:. 

;t.   Ainaiig   tliM   Ktniii;io   aiitiitairt   arr,    1.   llir    K'inffnron, 

11  ^M-r;:aniMi'4  qiiad- 
rupi'tl,  Ijrlwi'cri  till- 
si|iiiiTi'l and  llu'  d<''T. 
w  liicli  niaUi'^  pi'iidi- 
^'iniir*  Iraji.t  witii  llif 
ai<l    of   itft    Ini^'c    tail 

yy  '"'*'  ^""«  b""i  ••■'■' : 

"C^^^kj^fy  and  lia.H  u  ]Mm(!i  t'nr 
^ir^SpTJ'x,  llu'    pnvrcrliim   nf  il.-* 

^ I    ■         m      ^     .     -^-dt^    V'HniL',   tiM-MH'd   llj'   till' 

jrHMbOmm^^^^     ii.lds  ..f  \u  skin.    '.». 

ilu:  t^au^ar.'u.  Th,.   Duck-hill  (nr  or- 

nitlinrvnrhns).  wliirli   ha:*  thn   jM-iircl  hiil   nt"  a  dnck,  in- 
ST -'♦/'/'  ^£^--    !-''■'»"'■''   ""»  'in'   Ix'dv  (if  a 
.^r>^^:^' ''-=*'A^]^ ',„nl,-lik.M|u,idniiM'd.Iiv(.K 
•hiclly   in  lilt-   water,  lavs 
•!.';,'(*,      and      wickli'S     its 

nt    i'ur:   'ull. 

4.  TiiP  imtivcrt  aiT  Orii'rital  nr;:rrHM  of  llu*  lowest  class, 
tgnnnml  savaj^'rs,  few  in  nnnibiT,  tif  dwai-li.-^h  -i/i-  und  dis- 
giisliiiu'  a|i|>('arMn<-c, 

T).  Kisliin;;  is  tlirir  main  (KcupaJiun.  and  tlu-y  an*  lulrra- 
I)Iy  di'XteriMiH  in  sirikinL'  Itn*  tjsli  willi  sprars;  yd  lln-ir  <'a- 
iviH'H  arc  very  nidi-,  and  in  sonir  parts  tht*y  have  irirrrly  a 
Inu.  nn  whirh  tli.-v  .sit.  unidin_'  it  uilli  u  p-iddli'. 


iintury   iiiiii^^iiintfi  Jirivii  MWitllcd   tin*  wliilu  iHtpiiluhoii   Uj 
nt'aily  lUU.OlM),  iit  wlnnn  aixait  iim«<  luiuili  ntf  oaivnlit, 

7.  riin  griat  iMidy  <if  itii'  wliitr*  tin*  willed  m-ar  Mytliiey 
ill  New  ^ilHlt)l  Wuk'ft;  ii  lew  ltiou'*tind,  near  AdetitMe,  in 
SiHitli  iViiNtraliu;  und  ii  unndler  niinilM-r,  nu  llui  Hwiut  rivur, 
ill  \Ve.i<t  Ausliatia, 

II.  Mom  tlian  two  tliiiilrt  nf  Ihe  wliitei  titt)  VritUi»\Ht\U, , 
und  llie  re!4t  cliietl)   Uianan  CatlmlicH,  I 

U.  The  mast  ap|H<arM  fieiiendiy  In  I'lt  Hkirleil  hy  iMirrcii 
plains,  IxMiiuled  ai  a  lillln  diHlunte  1>-  I  tw  inuunlitniM.  | 

to.   'i'lie  null  nl  \Uv  eXpliHi'd  ptll  U.  rXiepI   Mime  Ninul!  diff  i 

IrietH,  in,  tn  a  ^reat  extenl,  unlil  jnr  t  alhvatinn,  lint  in  well  ' 
lulapled  In  I  lie  pastnrage  nf  hliei'p  ;  iind  wnul  ul  a  ^ery  line 
ipialily  is  tlie  staple  pcndiiciiun  of  llie  Itritinli  cnliaiJeN.  | 

II.  The  cliiel  twiureeit  nf  wealth  urn  wimiI,  nl  wliichl 
!^(MH>,0(t(l  llfs.  were  exported  in  IH'.i'J  ;  nml  the  whali'-liKh- ! 
erv,  which  fiitpl">i'd  in  AuAtniliii  and  Van  I'leinen'M  Land  , 
1500  men.  | 

Sydmky,  the  capital  of  Australia  and  tar;!<-sl  luwn  in  Ailif  ^ 
lrala-*ia,  has  nne  of  Ine  line-it  harhnrs  in  Iht;  wnilil.  ' 

Adduidv  iti  the  largest  town  in  Miiulh  Aiiiihiiliu. 

Van   DitMKN's   I. AMI. 

1.  Van  Dikmkn's  Imnm  is  u  emuitry  of  hills  and  dale*, 
with  a  temp*  rale  i-liniate,  ^'nod  soil,  and  Ihie  hatliors. 

ti.  h  Nil-Ids  wheal,  liarhsy,  oiitn,  jMitmot's,  and  UMjiucliilly 
rtno  wool  in  ahniidance. 

;h  Ahoiit  nne  tiiurth  nf  the  |mpnlation  are  ronvh'tN,  und 
three  lritn-t[iH  vnhtnlary  eniigranls  from  (iicut  Itrilatii. 

IloitAur  loWN,  the  capital,  is  iMiiniifully  siiimted  tin  a 
tine  harhiM-,  al  the  hint  nf  Taltle  itainntain,  which  I'iiM.-it  h<j- 
hirid  the  town  tu  the  height  of  nearly    lUOO  feet. 

Nkw  /kalani). 

I.  Nkw  Zka'tanp  coiisistM  of  two  tteaiitifnl  iNlaiMU,  Iniv- 
er>ed  hv  hptty  iinMinlains,  with  a  liiiu  cliiiiatii  atal  miil,  anil 
is  noted  liir  its  wlron-i  tlax. 

'J.  Thu  iiativi's  are  tall,  well-lorined,  intelli^^ent,  and  war- 
like siiva^'rs  of  the  Ahilay  rate,  and  ^I'lnMiill)  live  in  l<ir- 
lilied  vilta;.'es.  on  l,i;^h  liilU,  whuh  can  be  amended  niil\ 
b\  narrow,  nieep,  and  winding  pailis.  They  p, at  lire  tai- 
looin^',  or  pricking  black  pantt  into  their  sknis.  and  an* 
caitnilial". 


lolly.  The  other  ii.i.iiMls,  wilhlrw  e\ce|iiions,  ate  eilh»r 
lonned  wholly  ttf  coral,  ninl  riM»  only  a  lew  feet  abovu  the 
le*i'|  nf  llu'  fMMi.  or  are  bc^int  with  i  oral  reefd. 

J,  Milnated  vMlhin  ihe  torrid  /one.  but  with  an  nlnio- 
•pherit  ttmipefi'd  liy  the  M*a,  and  iu  the  larger  islantis  by 
iMonntiiinH  m\eral  llioMsaiid  tin.-t  liiph,  lliii  ctiiimtu  iit  delight- 
fill.  ai;d  rhe  wnl  very  liriih*. 

(J.  Aiiion^' the  productions  are.  the  /y»Tr/</-/i-«i/-/irc,  which 
yields  an  abu'alaiai-  of  IoihI  v..iiinitt  the  labitr  ol  man;  tho 
(,'iu-oiifii/f-fi'  I- ;  the  yV/r«,  and  other  iinlrilitiiiN  nMitit,  to- 
Kclher  wllh  oniri^cH  und  many  ilelicinus  fruits. 

7.  A  hundred  vi'urs  a::o  the-^*  i-laiids  were  nbnottt  nil' 
known  In  rtiroiieaiin.  The  voya;:es  nf  Captain  Conk  be- 
iMeen  I7li7  and  177!)  lirst  made  ns  well  icipiaintetl  with 
the  Nandwich,  Sm  ieiy.  and  Friendly  i^lainl-. 


yurlifutl  I  tl.'iiiir  ill  .\,ir  /.ulan.i.  ll>a,t  uj  ,i  X  u-  /..lUnnl  f/,ii/. 

y.  A  happ\  clian;;e  has  recently  lu'en  ctleited  in  some 
districts  by  tlie  labors  of  Urili.Hh  inihi^ionarie-^ ;  and  in  1)1  IU 
a  llrili>h  colony  of  nearly  lOlM)  noijis  \\\ih  planted  here. 

Till-  It'iif  i>f  Islamln,  near  the  iinrlli  eini  nf  llie  norlherii 
i.-*laiid,  has  lla'  ^evc^d  yeai>  been  much  freipe-ntrd  by  iho 
Americans  ent-'aL'eii  in  the  nnuthi-rii  wliale-tishery. 

I'aI'UA,  OR   Nkw   (iciNKA,  HtLT. 

l*Ap'iA,  or  Nkw  (iuisKA,  Nkw  Hki  i'ai.s,  and  Nkw  Irk'- 
LAMi.  Solomon's  hi. amis,  Niw  II  kii'uiiiK'*.  und  Nkw  Cai,- 
Kno Ma  arc  little  kiiovvfi,  linnipi'iinH  ha\  In^  no  H-tlteiiiehtu 
upon  tht^m.     The  iiati\esare  rapiians,  or  t  Oriental  negroes. 

Qwr.'i/mH.s'.— H;)W  is  AastraiitsiK   .  viiU-iJ  ? 

AL'snui.lA. —  1.  Kor  what  i.-^  AusiihIIu  noted?  *J.  IIow  fur 
has  it  lierii  explored  \  :i.  What  is  Niii'l  of  tin-  Uair.'iinHt  '  of  iht- 
(hi-k-hill/  LchaructiTof  the  imtivrs  f  .').  tliiir  *  i,  i  ii|),tl  inn  f  llu'ir 
cimocrt  f  (i.  Who  were  ihr  lirst  wlnte  Ketihr-.  '  7.  \^■here  are 
the  white  Mcttlfnieiits  '  ^.  religion  f  IK  luce  ot  the  roillitry  i  UK 
sol!  iiml  proiliuliiiris  I  II  chiel  nourccs  uf  wcailli  /  \Vhere, 
umi  for  what  noteil,  Sydiny  /  iVc. 

Van  Dikmknh  I.a.nd.-I.  Face  of  the  cninitry  ?  cliniiite  7 
s<iil  ?  •,'.  produi  tiuiis  /  J.  pnjiululinii  /  Where,  iStc,  Hohuit 
town  7 

Nkw  ZEAr.Asi).— 1.  Face  of  iliL- cniintry  7  dinitit.' ?  nipil  '  pni 
(luiiion  .'  '.*.  churacter  ot'the  nativi>it  f  'A.  Wimt  ix  siifl  t>\  \\ri\\*\t 
nhssitumri.-B  ?  llritish  colony  /    Where,  A,c.,  tin-  lt»^  of  Ulah'l»  ' 

1'aI'Ua,  (."iLc. — Whut  is  tiuid  of  iIichc  iiilr.iiilH  / 


.lu-ua.  .\i„Ua-i,/i  /^iunUT  Miifhr.it. 

"  When  (irst  diwovered,  the  natives  were  foiiml  siibsist- 
inj^'  in  liixiiiiotit  indohi.ce  mw  the  sponlaneons  prodnclioim 
of  thnearth,  i^'nonmt  of(h>d,  and  addicted  to  some  revolt- 
ing cnsloni<«,  aipoii;.'  which  were  inliiiiticide,  proHiiscuoun 
concabina;.'e,  \i\A  the  e'llin^'  ol  Inniian  Ile>li. 

I».  \\  itiiiii  Ihe  last  thirty  years  a  lar;:e  |Mirtiiin  nf  the  in- 
fiaiiilants  of  lhi>  Soi  ielv,  Sandwicfi,  and  rriendly  islandt 
have  renounced  their  i((oU  and  embraced  Chrihlianity  ;  and 
ininsionarieH  from  Ibitain  and  America  have  tan^ht  them 
readiiii/,  wrilim.',  ami  several  of  tlie  n.-etul  art.t. 

10.  Ainnn;.'  lln- anm-'emi'iits  of  ihe  natives  are  iailinp  ca- 
tioi'K  and  swiihtiiiiif.',  in  which  they  are  mi  expert  that  they 
may  almost  be  rei.'arded  as  an  amplhbioits  race. 

11,  'J'hc  .Makw'  K«As  |s),ANt)',  liave  reienlU  been  <a'cu- 
pied  by  I-'rariee,  The  melt  nf  iIicm'  island.-'  are  tall,  robust, 
and  almost  as  p4-rfect  in  ibeir  Ibrins  lus  tin-  models  of  an- 
cient ranlpture. 

I'-!.  The  natives  of  the  T,Arino\K'  or  Maiiiannk  islands 
were  loiii^'  sin'  ■    almost  exlenninate'  bv  lln-  Spaniarils. 

\'.\.  I'lh-nifh  .  r<//f/;7  i- noted  li.s  the  re-ideiice  of  the  mil- 
liiieer^  of  the  |;ii;.')i-h  sliiji  nouiily,  nine  in  number,  w  ho 
went  thilher  in  I7IMI  with  I  Maheitan  wivi's.  and  remained 
uiidiMo\ered  till  a  tew  years  i*ince.  when  alt  the  iinitineerrt 
but  nne  were  dead,  and  he  had  iiecome  a  pious  man,  and 
had  edncaled  the  i  hildren  in  Christian  principles. 

I  t.  (}-o/nrfr.  or  'J'^i/nf/  (ta-he'-t,-).  iho  largest  of  the  Sn- 
cin  y  Ml  tM>4,and  ■•  ihe  briL'hicst  ^-ein  of  rho  racitic,"  con- 
sirttit  of  iwn  peninsulas,  oii"!i(l  and  tlie  other  ;{ll  mih's  in  cir- 
cuit. The  ihicrior  rises  into  naiiintains  nmre  than  lO.nnf) 
feet  hiuh.  clollied  to  the  top  with  the  verdure  of  bicad-lniit, 
cocoanut,  banana,  and  other  Naluab'i*  trees 


Sjuariiiif  >■(.■*/(,  A II  :•!  ml  III  II  an  hm  l.nif. 

6.  The  first  Kuropeun  settlers  were  700  ciutvlcts  Irans- 
jjorted  frum  l)uj:land  to  Botany  bay  in  i7!J;t.  Abiny  lluni- 
aunds  have  sinew  been  added,  and  witliia  a  few  \e;irs  v  .1- 


POLYNESIA. 

1.  Polynesia,  from  Iwotireek  winds  r*i;jnil_v  la;:  mnriifi 
is  the  name  ^'ivcn  to  the  r-rn:il|  inland-* -^  aUen-il  ill  ^r 
tiver  the  central  parts  of  lln    I'acillc  occiin. 

'J.  Thi>  princi|ial  f:roii{>ti  north  ot  iho  eipialor  nr<*, 
S/ni'iirirti  ts/ii/i'is  m  the  cast,  and  tlio  I.tiiimiir.'  and  tJ 
lini'  islands  in  the  west. 

:i.  Tl»'  principal  L-roups  sjiuth  of  X\xt^  eipiatnr  an, 
Mttrqui-fnin  islands  in  tin-  east,  the  Sm-h'fy  inlands  m 
middle,  and  the  Frirml/i/  islands,  including  the  I'tjuv' 
Xnvitsufor's  ir-latuN,  in  llio  west. 

■I.  The  Sandwiih,  Society,  and  Mari|ueKas  jpthmdM 
of  volcanic  oriirin,  and  the  mttuntains  are  vtTv  wihi 


Mips 

Ihe 

'iiro- 

thr. 
lln- 

anil 

11  rr 
unil 


Sjsi 


11.*  (._/  tltiil.tiu. 

I.'i.  Ifinriiii  (lMi-\vr-r).(iiriiit-rly  ralh'il  Oirln/'hrr.  tin'  lar- 
t'l--"!  of  lilt-  .Samiwh  n  1-HVII1.  is  noti-il  for  lln-  Inl'iy  .iiini- 
iiiil  111  .Miiiniii  Una,  Ili.iMHI  li-fl  lii:;h  ;  anil  liir  Kirani-a.  the 
;.'ira(r-l  mill  inn.-it  ti-rritif  \iili-aiio  on  tin-  tiinlit-. 

Hi.  Till'  Aini'rii-iin  iiiiM»iiiiiai  ii-s  al  tin- Siiinlwii-li  i-Lmils 
li:ivi'  it'iliiri'il  till'  laiiL.'iia;;i'  iil  lln-  iiativi'.i  to  a  urilli-n  limn 
iiaii'lali-il  lln-  lliliii-  ami  nlhi-r  liookN.  i-ntiilili.-ilii-il  i<linrrlii<( 
mil  whoiiU  in  nil  tin-  pri'ici|ial  i^lanils,  ami  lan^lit  tin-  pco 
pit'  In  ii-ail  anil  wrilr. 

17.  Ilinit'lifhi.  on  iht'  i.^Iallll  of  Oalni.  lln'  ri'siilrnre  of 
till'  kin:;  of  llio  .^aiiiiwifh  i^laiiiK,  liii.-i  a  l'oimI  hiirlmr.  uyii 
It  nr  711110  inhiiliiiuni.-*.  m-vi-nil  hiiiiiln-il  of  wlinin  an-  Viiut- 
irilli.*  anil  llnropi-ani.  iiMrartiil  tliillii-r  liv  Ira  h-.  lli--  port 
Ill-ill;:  viniti-il  till-  ri-hi-nliiiii-nt.-.  liy  tin-  iinim-rons  wlialu- 
alilp-t  nf  till'  iiorlln-rii  t'aiilif. 

Qi/i'.«/iU'M, — I.    Whnt    iliii-s    rolyni'i-ia   nii-nn?   2.  priiiripa^ 

iiiti-ili.'f  111"  .-.iMiiior  '  :i  Ko-i'ilinflhi-  t-i|ii!itor  /  J.liii-i-  of 

■limnii-  iiihl  Roil  '  li.  iiniiliiriioiiB  ?    7.  How  liir^ 

iiiili\  t-s  wlii-ii  tii-st  llii 


lln-  i-'illllli*\'  t   .1.  riiiiiiiii-  iiiiii  mill      ii.  jin 
kiiiiwii  111  Kiiro|n-iiiin  /  H.  i-liiirni-li-rof  tl 


f 


known  to  (■.aro|M*(ms  f  h.  churncieroi  iiie  iiiiti\cs  wlicn  test  dis- 
cov.Tr.t  .'  ■'.  pn-s-'iit  chanicliT  .'  lit.  ani'i.sfniriits  '  II.  i\'/nif  t$ 
**/f/ (if  (lie  Manpics.'iH  iilnntis  '  I-*.  La<lrnne.s  f  i:t.  Piicaini's  isl- 
amic II.  Otiih.  re?  l.'i.  Hawaii  ?  iti,  of  the  Anu'rican  iiiission- 
(tricB  nt  the  Sainlwii'h  i<<tnnil!i  '  I"  (if  llnimUila  ' 


I  If 


i  > 

t 


QUESTIONS  AND  EXERCISES  ON  THE  MAP. 

AFRICA.— UV,//^  sni  on  tlu-  N.  of  Africii  !  a>u  the  N.K.  ?  on 
tlif  S.R.  f  (HI  the  S.W.  nnd  W.  f  M'hnt  ira/rm  arr  cimnrrtpd, 
tiiiii  irfint  htiitf.i  Ripiirtitt'ii,  h\  thn  dtrnits  of  Gibraltar  1  tiy  tht- 
ftr»it»  uf  Biiltt'liniitnlfl  ]  "VV'lmt  laiuls  cuiuiccted  fuiii  v  utt'rs 
Bepiirittoit  hy  tlie  isthmus  of. Suez? 

W'liut  uiuuntiiius  run  Imui  rast  to  west  tbmuL'li  the  renter 
of  Atrira  /  What  is  the  part  of  the  riinLre  weit  (if  the  NIl-ft 
cnlled  f  Ke.  Wlint  niountsiitiH  run  nlouL'  the  {'oast  ipf  thi-  Meii- 
iterrnneaii/    What  niountains  alonu'  the  rimst  of  Smitli  Afnea? 

In  what  zone  is  the  trreater  part  ol"  Afrtea  ?  Is  the  hirL-er 
I»art  north  or  fioitth  (tf  tlie  equator  ?  What  eoiiritries  [reail  Iroin 
the  niapi  in  the  northi-m  teinjierate  zone  ]  What  euuntries 
in  the  soutlieni  temperate  zone  / 

What  (Mipe  at  llie  northern  extremity?  ensteni  extremity? 
Boutliern?  western?  Wfiirh  >i(iyj'rtnnvn\n}  (iuaniafui  (t-'ar'-flaf- 
Wel  to  the  eape  of  <Joo«l  Ilojie  T  eripe  of  (rood  Hope  to  rape 
Verd  ?  eapc  Veni  Ui  cape  lion  ?  cape  Hon  to  cape  (lunrdafiii  ? 

\V'liat  larL'e  inland  oH*  the  S.K.  eoast  I  What  «nmll  islands 
met  i.i  M:u!a-'r.sfnr  ?  Wi;nt  LTsmp  at  islands  oft*  r:i\H-  Verd  ? 
What  two  LToups  within  r>00  milei  of  the  N'.W.  eonst  ?  What 
group  far  oW  the  N.W.  eeajit  in  the  latitude  fif  Spain  ? 

What  trreatuulfon  the  western  eoast  ?  What  separate!  Mad- 
neasrarfnjin  Afriea?  What  larL'e  lake  near  the  center  of  Afriea? 

Whieh  is  the  lonjjest  river  in  Afriea  ?    Ne.    Which  next  ?    Nr 


Info  irhnt  iiriti  r  rliMi  the  Nllf  empty  '  the  Niu-er  fni'Jerl?  Sen- 
e^'al  ?  (Jamhia  .'  ConL'o  or  Zuire  ^  ttiaiiL'e  river  ?  ZaniheMe  r.  ? 

///  ufnit  )Kirt  itf  Aj'nnt.  and  im  irhul  aitint  or  river.  \h  Kl-^j  pt  ! 
Nnhia  ?  Abyssinia.'  ('nHVaria?  MonK-rn?  Tripoli?  Mo/.am 
hnpie  ?  Zan^Miehar?  Ali-'ii-rs  f  Liberia?  (iuinea  '  Tunis  ?  Sou 
dan  ?     In  wliat  part  <d"  Airicu  is  the  Sah'ara  or  Great  Desert  ? 

M7/'//  is  fhf  frmrrfti  roitrsr  of  tlie  Nih-  ?  of  the  NJL'er  iu  the 
!ii-8t  half  (tf  its  cciurse  !  in  the  Inst  half?  of  the  SencL'al  ? 

What  rountrii;8  on  the  Nile  !  on  the  Mediturruneau  ?  un  the 
Indian  ocean  ?  on  the  count  of  (iuinea  ? 

On  irfiirh  .tii^r  of  th*'  n/ttafor  is  Sierra  Leone  ?  Liberia  ?  tiie 
mouths  of  the  Niu'er?  the  mouth  of  the  Conro  f  the  island  of 
Mitdairnscar  1  cape  Ouordafui  ? 

What  are  the  uTand  features  of  Africa?  Aiis.  1.  The  mount- 
auiH  of  ffi4'  Mtfon.ruuu'inii  fmni  east  to  west  acn>ss  the  center  ttf 
the  continent;  2,  The  Aflux  mnvnfninn,  parallel  with  the  shori' 
of  the  Mediterranean,  at  a  Httle  distance  ;  :).  The  (t'nat  Ihsrrf. 
tilling  more  than  lialf  the  space  lit-tween  these  mouiUain  ehaitm; 
4.  The  AVc.  with  its  narrow,  ft-rtile  countries,  in  the  east ;  5.  The 
A'.v-.-i-findA;iv  Trh.f,},  wltlubt-ipext'-i.-tw,  ff-nii- ...uhtri—,  )..- 
tween  thu  mountainH  of  tlieMiMin  and  the  Great  Desert;  ti.  The 
sfrip  of  Jlat.ftrtth  Innd  aloiii:  thr  roaitU  if  U'cv/,  South,  find 
Knft  AJricii ;  7.  Till-  Sni/ir  mminfiiifig  of  Bouth  Alrica ;  and.  ?^. 
The  L'nknojrn  rnjionn,  between  the  8now  mountains  and  the 
mountains  of  the  M(K<n. 


\ 


WKST  ArUICA— Whntdoyou  in.-nti  by  W .  .Mn.ii? 
Till'  countries  ott  the  west  coast  (»f  .\lrica  iro'ru  the  Great  i)i 
to  the  tropic  of  Ciiprieorn.    How  is  W.  Africa  subdivided  ' 
Into  S— a,  V — r  G— a,  and  L — r  <J— n.     What  tribes  in  S 
canibia  /     An*.  F» — s,  M— s.  Va — s,  Ac.     \\  hul  countri 
rpper  (iuinea?     Ani*.  L— a,   A— e,   D-y,   and   I»— n.     W 
countries  in  Lower  Guini-a  ?     Lo..  Co..  Aa..  Ha.     Iu  whl'-li 
vision  is  the  colnny  of  Sierra  Leone?     What  two  riven 
Seiu'uaiubia,  which  L'ive  it  its  nunie  ?     What  tw(f,  in  Lu' 
(iuinea  t     Wlutt  cape  Intween  the  mouths  of  the  Senet,'al 
(iandiia  ?     What  two  capes  on  the  coast  of  Liberia  .' 

What  is  the  face  of  the  country  \     Ans.  Near  the  cuusi, 
and  fertile  ;  in  the  interior,  unknown. 


■\UM. 

scrt 

A  nM. 
ni!- 

s  in 

hat 

di- 

in 

wer 


flat 


SOUTH  AFRICA.— What  is  S.  Afri<-a7  Ann.  Nearly  all 
Africa  south  of  the  tnipic  of  Capricorn.  Wlial  are  the  princi 
l»al  divijiiona  ?  Ann.  Cape  (^olonv,  CaflVaria,  and  the  countrj- 
of  the  Honhuanaa.     What  is  the  chief  river?     f>e. 

Whfft  i»  the  fM.-e  f.f  th..  rt>M.(ry  "?  Any.  Alt-n;:  fhe  rnnat,  n 
fertile  plain,  fmm  20  to  tiO  miles  wide,  beyond  wliich  are  three 
parallel  mountain  ranpes,  separated  by  elevated  plains  from  .M> 
to  100  miles  wide,  and  cbietly  desert.  North  of  the  Snow  moutit- 
ains.  the  loftiest  and  most  rr-niote  of  the  three  rauL'cs,  tliu  C4iuu- 
tr\'  is  mostly  desert,  except  the  Itoshuuna  r-ountry 


;a 


1 30 


fr 


ii«l 


10 


^■f^^ 


KurMrA 


11 


Vrrhrlli-ll      * 
Jllfl! ,  ' 


10 


,,  MniiriliiiK 

roil.  Mr  jT- 

Ilourtxtn 


30 


vo 


AliKli?  Ann. 
•  tirt'iit  DfNf-rt 
liviili-.n  Ann. 
rllici  ill  Ki'iii.. 
(  ''iiiiiitrii'pi  ii) 
11—11.  Wlint 
111  wlii'-li  ili- 
twii  riviTu  ill 
wo,  ill  LiiwiT 
!■  Scii»'t,'ul  ami 
rill  .' 
till:  cuilHl,  flut 


i«.  Nrnrly  nil 
iri"  till!  priiici 
I  tliu  I'liuiitrj- 

..*  the  rnnni,  a 
lirli  Hri'  tliri'ii 
liliiiim  IWiiii  TtU 
■  Siiiiw  iiioiint- 

L'f8,  tllU  ClIUU- 

y 


A  V  II I  r  A,   w  i:  s  i'  A  [.'  II  I  (;  a.  h  o  v  t  h  a  f  it  i  o  a,  bast  a  v  n  i  c  a,  &c. 


KAKT  AKIIU'A — WliKliliiyim  iiifmihy  Kiut  Alrirn  (   ,lii«,  |  niill  liutlior  I'linl.  iil'llm  Diiiii'ii.     Si.  I'mil  ./«■  /.nandd,  In  An- 
Tim  liPUMlriin  nil  111!'  irnliTii  <iiii»l  liiiwiu'ii  l)i'lii«ii'«  l.iiy  mill    ^„||,,  i«  t|,„  ,l,ifl'iif  tin'  I'lirliiKUim'  «ltli'iiii'iit». 
III.,  .lri.it>  ..(^  ll»l,.liimii,l..l.     ll.iw  !•  Kii«t  Alrl.ii  ..ili.llvi.l.Mn  ;      C„„m,i„if,  iilMiiit  IDU  liiilra  In.iii  III..  .„.i.l,  i.<  th..  cill.ilul 

...   lilt,,,  1   M-..,  J  /-r,  ;r  A-n,  <   H-ii,  ...  A-l.     VV  liiit  I.   „f  ,\,|,„„„.,.     ,„„,  ,„/„„,,,  „(  |,„ti.,i,i..v.     IhM.  ....  itl. 
till)  iiri...  iiiiil  riv.'r  I     /.'.     \V  l.ut  u  llii.  Iiu.i  iil  lli.i  .'...intry  f  i      ,  ..i     v  r.,       l      i  ..  :       i   -       . 

A,u'  Nl.  J  lliu  c-..,i.t.  lUt  u.1.1  r..rtilB  i  iu  ll.u  mtorior,  uiUuioWu. , '  "'"'7,  "'  "'"  ^ '«-';  "I","  '"""  "'"  """•  "  »  '•»'«"  "'«"'  1 

_  mill  /'.ii'.',  II  gri»ul  Hluv.i'iimrk.'t. 


CKSTIlAf,  AFHICA.-Wlmt  lnr«  Ukn  liir.'iilrnl  Afriin  ? 

Wlirit  larui.  rivi.r  f    W'liiit  iiitri.'B  iM'twc-n  Ink.,  'r.'lm.!  un.l 

till!  Mil.  ..1  tliu  M.Nju  I     Wlmt  .-...tiitriv*  .lu  lliu  Nik.t  / 

AFRICA. 

1.  AiVicri  is  noted  lor  lis  Imrnini?  rliinate.  its 
vant  (li'si'i'lH,  luid  lor  tlio  liiirk  rolur  and  df- 
^radcd  i-hiiriiftci'  of  Its  inhahitantH. 

'J  r.\i-f|tt  lilt'  i'i)iiiitrii-i4  iia  till'  MIn  (iind  wit  iimy  nitw 
ihIiI  till  llii<  Ni^'iT).  Kiini)iriiiiN  kiitiw  iiliiioHl  iiolliing  iil 
AlVn  It  lirytiiitl  it  hiiiiilrrt)  iiuIch  Imuii  iIip  (iiiuit. 

'■i  Till'  )tti|M|luritMi  ii4  cuiiiiiHWM'il  iliictly  nf,  I.  ArftfiM  iiU'l 
Mixirn,  ulitMK-i-ii|ty  I'tivpt,  Hiirimn',  iiiiil  thf  tniililli'  |mrt 
lit  Ci'iilnil  Alrii'ii ;  M.  A'tvyro**,  wlut  (wTiiny  tlif  vvM  ni' 
CiMilnil  XtVtcti.  hiitt  IIh'  wlntlt*  nl'  Kant  uiiil  Wt-nt  AlVitii; 
uiiil,  ;t.  Tlif  (*'i.lff'»,  nt'Stnith  At'ricii. 

■I,  Till!  Ariilw  aiid  MtMiM  iirti  MnlmmtncdiinN,  niitl  m\nv 
iil'llit'in  run  ri  ml  tlii<  Koran  uiiti  ntlinr  Artiliir  htiokH.  Thr 
nt'fjiDt'rt  luiil  ('iiiVri'(4  urn  miokiIv  |ni;.'iuiN,  ami  umm  nl'  ttinii 
Imvt*  iiiiy  iilpliiilM't  or  wriltt'ii  lutif,'uii^'e. 


U.  TIh'  fiuvrriiincntH  of  nil  lliti  Amb,  MmirUh,  aud  uopro 
(M>iinh'ii'N  tiru  iibHtiliitc  (lrrt|intir*iiiM, 

{\.    AlVicd  IH  \\w  nMiiiIi>'  of  llif  Mliivctnidr.     Wiirn,  and 

rircdator)*  rxcuffioiw  Inr  Uii'  imr|n)Nt'  nl"  making'  Hlavi***,  liavr 
H'i'ii  altiiimt  (^oiiMtaiitiv  rarrifii  oil  lor  cfiiturici*  throii^'lmul 
Ktut.  Wi-rtt,  and  (.'tiilral  Africa. 

7.  \^riniltiirt'  and  tht*  artM  aro  in  n  mori*  dritrrHNcd  Ntiiti* 
than  in  any  otlifr  ^rt-al  diviHimi  of  i-ittirr  rontnn'iil. 

H.  Africa  in  noti'd  for  tin*  ^,'rrat  »i/('  of  IIm  Hfr|)i'iil>*  and 
ft'iociotH  bi'iiNttt,  lutd  fur  tilt)  uiimbcruiid  dostructivn  ptivvrr 
uf  ilH  iiiHi'cM. 

!».,  Tlin  'yVr'-mtVfu.  or  Wbitr  niilfl,  nf  tnipiral  Afririi  livo 
In  lurL'o  coniiniinitifr*,  rr^nilarly  diviitrd  into  nohlcH,  hoI- 
diiTH,  und  tiiluircrrt,  and  build  |iyraiiiidal  sinicliiri's  10  or 
I'J  tiM*t  iibovo  ground,  and  an  tiir  lirlow.  hi  the  interior  an* 
cliiiinlH'rH,  for  niirNfrif**,  Htnn'-rooniM,  \'c.,  conm-clfd  bv 
Klair-wiiyi*.  piiriHa:.'c-way'«,  and  briilu'i'M,  all  linnly  at-ilifil  and 
ccnit'iitt^d.  rivaling  in  niaunitiiib^  llii>  lioiihCH  of  tin-  nalivi'H, 
mill  ill  arcliili'cinnd  nkill  and  urriui^i'iiitMil  llic  most  prrftict 
wurlui  uf  civiliiCi-'d  man. 


fJHrnhon».—\.  For  wlmt  In  Wcit  AfrlrA  nntPil  T  9.  \\%U  m 
Mfffi/of  HuTtH  I.tMair  t  :i.  ot  Lilicriii  \  I.  of  Kimi|it<iuiii<ltlt'mcnta  f 
'.'  liuriculturtt  f  uriii  \  cninnurcc  f  u.  Wlmi  cratl  cualoiu  f  7 
iii'lud  trcu  t     Whurc,  itnd  tor  wliitt  iiottil,  Ht.  buuii  I  t^c. 

SOUTH  AFRICA. 

I.  Snnth  Africa  is  notod  i'or  tlio  riolinesM 
iiiiil  t'le^'ant  variety  of  its  plants. 

J.  Tilt' |>riiici)>al  diviNJoNM  art-,  1.  ('a|ii- Ctiloiiy.  2.  Ciif- 
frariii.     W.  Tin*  country  of  llic  Uoslnianati. 

\\.  i'npf  <.'itiint'f,\>Uiiitvt{  by  llit-  Dntclt  in  Hl.'»(»,  wiiM  cnp- 
Inrt'd  in  UtlKi  by  tlii>  llritinli,  wlut  Niill  ictaiii  it. 

1  Till'  laniU  of  till'  colony  an-  occniiinl  cItirHy  w  ^rii/- 
in;;  farniA  by  Dnicb  boorN,  who  rnipltiv  as  In'rilHrni'ii  nc- 
^'roi'H  und  llot.fntotM,  fonni'rly  hIuvi'm,  now  rinaiK  ipatt-d. 

it.  Tin  lliif/i  nfotg,  onct)  rcirardi'd  a**  the  iiiohI  df^'radnl 
tif  llin  hiiiiiiin  r.|>fcio«,  havr  iu'vn  iinuli  impiuvfd  by  lln" 
labopM  of  riiri^tiini  missioiiarii's. 

(».  Till'  Hunhmfii  aro  wild  Hottentots,  who  Hvc  mi»tMablv 
in  tho  monntainrt,  and  Hnbiist  panly  b\  prrdalory  ineiu^ionH 
into  tliu  colony  and  adjoiain;/  conntricN. 

7.  Tlu!  Ciijf'ri'H,  who  inhabit  ('liMiaria.iin^  ii  noHtunU  pei*- 
|tt<',  iii'irly  lui  dark  m*  lU'^'rors,  but  a  tiiir,  nianlv  race, 
I  H.  Till'  Himhitiin'uH  Jiio  of  thf  CullVf  (kal'-ftT^  race,  urr 
■■  IhiiIi  |)astia-al  anil  u;;ricnttiiral,  and  live  in  lur^^n  tuwnn  tor 
i  better  iiriitection  a^'ainst  hoslih<  nei;.'hborM. 
I  !(.  Wool,  1 1  I.-.,  ithd  wine  in  Hniall  tjiiantity  from  viiie- 
I  yards  i.car  <.  i^tulowii,  uru  tliu  chief  exports. 

Caprtows,  tho  rnpitul  of  Cnpn  Colony,  and  larf»rHl  Kii- 
ropeaii  Hettlenient  in  Africa,  ih  the  best  place  of  rufrosh' 
meat  for  tthips  butwuun  Kurope  and  thv  Kiut  Indius. 


^ 67 

iiliitiiHi  uf  tumt*  MtHl.DiHI  Anitm  niitl  nt*^nwrt ;  and  lltrguo, 
farth4<r  WKUt,  and  Htill  lar^'er  ami  mon^  ptipulous. 

4.  Th«i  Tib'hnnn  and  Tu'anrkn,  peculiar  pettple,  Ueither 
nrfpHM'M  nor  Moom,  occupy  nunierou*  i»uuul  uai»e»  in  tho 
central  and  nouthern  purta  itf  thu  dcMtrt. 


Quvntunin  ~\.  Wlmt  i*  thn  extent  uf  Hrdi'nrn?  'J. 
oMri  f  .'I.  Which,  uikI  whi  re.  iiru  tho  lur^eit  uuhci 
aru  tliu  TiblHKti  \  the  Tinirit  kii  f 


W'liflt  iiro 
r     i.  VVhii 


CENTRAL  AFRICA. 

1,  Central  AtViou  in  noled  for  lar^'c,  lertilf, 
and  i)i>|>idons  (vnintricH,  unknown  tilt  lately  to 
the  civilized  world. 

'J.  lleceiil  traM-leiM  liiid  that  the  principal  kiimdorm  arn 
Hitrmni',  l.'ufi/nn,  and  Ilrifhtinni',  on  laKe  Tihad  ;  Afun- 
ilnrra,  miUIIi  of  nornoii  ;  Ui>u)i'h(I,  an  exleiiHive  cininlr)  be- 
Iween  Horiioii  luiil  the  Ni|/er  ;  Vftt-'rihit  >uid  Mifjfn,  tni  llio 
bt)Wer  Ni^ur,  very  fertile,  cultivated,  utul  |MipnlouHi  and 
Ititm/iitrni,  on  the  I'pper  Ni^'er,  abounding  in  ^old. 

3.  A  miijoritv  of  the  |K>pulalion  are  ne^'roen;  but  the  rul- 
ing people  in  lloiissa  are  lellatahs,  or  Nbiors,  who  nii;:r>t< 
ted  from  Barbaiy  many  cenliirieH  api,  and  at  one  period 
had  siibju^'aled  nearly  nil  the  Me;^'roeH  etwt  of  the  iNif:er. 

t.  The  MiHii-H  are  NfobainnHMlaim ;  and  liircod  their  reli- 
gion upon  the  conquered  ne^^rues,  who  Htill  retniii  it  e\t  ii 
where  they  have  thrown  otV  the  Moorinh  yoke.  The  uu* 
gnies  west  tif  the  .Ni^«'r  are  i^enenillv  pafraiiH, 

Ti.  The  wul  is  well  watered  und  fertile,  und  the  Hiirfuru 
rto  variett  in  idevation,  that  the  climate  ripens  in  ditlerent 
pnrtA  the  products  of  both  the  torriil  and  temperate  /oucm. 
Itice,cotlon,  indi;.'o,und  wheat  are  all  mised  in  abuiiilaiice. 

H.  Tht»  nef:nirs  are  mori-  civili/ed  than  in  any  other  pari 
f)f  Africa.  They  piuclice  rudely  a;.'ricnltiire  and  wimr  ol* 
the  arlj4,  and  in  Nyll'e  and  t.o^'umi  carry  tho  maiu'tactuirt 
of  coiion  uihmIs  to  f.Teat  perfeclion. 

7.  l)ancinL',  music,  and  tawdry  ornaments*  are  chamc* 
turislic  of  tliu  iiej^roes  here,  a.H  in  tiiher  pails  of  Africa. 


AfWn  of  t fit!  iirmilt-n,  or  It'/iile  Anln. 

Qut'ntion*. — 1.  For  wlmt  is  Africa  noletl  ?  'J,  What  in  known 
of  Alnca  \  'A  How  in  the  |H>[iulalitin  cliiHHeil  .'  4.  reliuioiiH  \  :*. 
^ovenuiieiits  /  t!.  W'hitt  iK  sunt  of  the  slave  trade  ?  7,  of  ni;ri' 
cuiturv  und  the  arts  J  ti.  anhnalii  f  !>.  of  the  whito  ants  I 

WEST  AFRICA. 

T.  West  Africa  is  occupied  by  many  netfro 
tril)es,and  is  the  threat  tlieateroftlie  slave-trade. 

'J.  Sii:rii\  Lko'nk  is  a  colony  of  free  iie^riM-s  established 
by  Hrilisli  philanthropists  in  17117,  and  liiw  cost  the  llritinh 
j;ovenimenl  i;:i.f)(li),))()0.     Kreettiwn  is  .he  capital. 

A.  Liiik'hia,  estalili.-'hi'd  by  Americans  in  JM'JI,  is  com- 
|M>rted  (tf  free  blacks  from  llie  1'.  States,  ami  of  Al'ricaus  re- 
capttired  from  Hlave-yessels.      Monrovia  is  the  capital. 

'I.  The  Knulish,  Krench,  Dulcli,  Daiu'tt.  and  l'ortui.'nese 
havi*  small  Kettlemeiils,  t!>rtH,  or  fucturicH,  uluii<,'  the  cmust, 
for  trade  with  the  ualiyes. 

r».  Commerce  consists  chiefly  in  the  e\chanj;e  of  ^tild. 
iv()ry,  ^iims,  camwoinl,  palm  oil,  and  wlaveM,  liir  cottons, 
wooleiLH,  mm,  and  f^unpowder. 

(i.  In  Asliantee'  and  Oah'oiney.  when  tlie  kin;;  dies,  his 
wives,  often  si^veral  tlioiisand  in  number,  and  his  principal 
otVuM'rs  of  NtJile,  art^  put  to  death,  uiiiler  the  delusion  tliat 
they  will  follow  ami  wait  upon  him  in  the  other  world. 

7.  Here  yt'ows  the  hirfjest  tree  of  iho  forest,  the  iniLdity 
Jhiiibah.  which  uttaius  im  the  bunk-  of  the  Sen'eL'al  ;*')  f-'t 
in  iliaineler,  with  marka  uf  sevend  thou.sand  years  of  u^'e. 

tit.  Lonif,  on  an  i-tlaiid  of  the  Senegal,  is  the  strtm:;liolil 
of  the  Freiicli;  KImi'ua,  on  tho  (Jnld  ciiasl,  of  the  Hutch; 
Capt  coast  cuat'.v,  furllicr  vmaX,  uf  the  Uuylish;  and  Accnt, 


Kurr  frfnttirr'  ,Mtinhou\  and  /.affitkno'  are  tho  chief  towns 
uf  tho  Uusliuanart  yet  known  to  Kuropetuis. 

Qiivxtinns. — 1.  For  wlmt  is  S.  Africa  notctl  ?  U.  iliviMiotm  ?  :i. 
l\'httt  in  ji(/j(/nl  the  Ciijie  Coliiriy  ?  i.(H'ca[miioiiM  of  the  coUinistK  ! 
:>.  IIiiitentMts  f  i\.  Hashait'ii  I  7.  CiiHVch  .'  8.  Uoshuiuiiu  I  'J.  cx- 
|M)ria  f     Whuic,  4iii(t  tor  wlmt  uulud,  Cnpctown  T  tSte. 

EAST  AFRICA. 

1.  Little  is  known  of  Ivist  AtVica,  by  Euro- 
peans, beyond  the  ports  on  tlie  const. 

'J.  The  chief  ports  on  the  coa.-it  of  .Mo/.  vMiiUiCK,  vi/..  In- 
h'lmtunif,  Sofii'/it,  Qiii//iiiuin»',  and  MozanihufHt' ,  wvv  held' 
by  the  l*ortu;;iiese,  who  have  small  fiirt^  to  prot^-ct  their 
Imdt;  with  the  nativen  tin*  ^'ohl,  ivory,  aiul  slaves. 

II.  On  the  coast  of  Zanoikh ak',  the  port.s  ttf  Quilio'a, 
Momha'zd,  ami  Mfliu'da,  formerly  held  by  the  rorliifiiiese, 
were  lon^  since  wrested  from  them  by  tlie  Aiabti  of  Mus- 
cat. Mntsiiiivy'i  has  always  been  held  hy  tho  natives,  and 
the  other  ports  belong'  either  to  native  jirinces  ur  to  thetial- 
law,  a  warlike  tribe  who  have  ravui,'cd  the  whole  country 
from  /aiii^iiebar  to  Abyssinia. 

-1.   Tho  coast  of  Ajan  is  ^'enerally  sandy  aiitl  barren. 

r>.  Bukiik'ua  has  been  in  all  au'es  the  country  of  invrrli, 
fninkincenw,  and  fni^rnmt  fiuins  (called  .\nibian,  because 
received  throiiL'h  Anibia).     Of  Aoki.  little  is  kiitiwn. 

(j.  The  surface,  soil,  <-limate,  productions,  and  ]H-ople  of 
Kaat  Africa  slronu'ly  resemble  those  of  the  western  coa.st. 

Qu4'sttotts. — I.  What  is  knowri  of  K.  Atricn?  'J.priiicipnl  port.s 
of  Mn/,iiinhii|ut',  uiiil  li\  wliuMi  held  f  :).  ptnts  ot  Zatn-'iiihiir.  aiul 
hv  whom  hel.l  ?  -1.  li'fi't/  is  s.ii-l  of  Ajan  f  :..  u\'  Hcrlu-ra  /  of 
Aili'l  I  u.  siM-f.ice.  Jtc..  of  I-:.  Africa  ? 

SAHARA,  OR  GREAT  DESERT. 

1.  Safi'finr,  or  liie  fireat  Desert.  :llH)()  miles  loni:  ami 
HUM)  broad,  covers  the  whole  uf  N.irth  Africa  from  tho  Ited 
si'a  to  the  Atlantic,  except  the  narrow  strips  aloiii^  the  river 
Nile  and  the  Allius  mounlains. 

2.  \  few  spots,  called  oases,  where  npnitLrs  burst  forth 
and  ditfuse  ferlilily,  are  scattered  »»ver  this  immense  v\- 
panse,  like  islands  in  tho  (»cean,  and  serve  us  reslin^'-placos 
tor  caravans. 

II.  The  larijest  oases  are  Frzztiti'.  wmth  of  Tripoli,  and 
depenilent  u|iOii  it ;  Durfjir',  wu^t  of  AbyK-^inia.  with  u  pop- 


^.ijp'^ 


JfomniM  fi'tti  Mimic  of  the  Mi^rutt. 

TimliHctiut' ,  near  the  ureat  liend  ol  the  Ni^'or,  i-^  the  tttu- 
tioii  of  caravans  to  and  from  Uarbaiy  I  •/''"/"',  on  tl  ■  I'pper 
NiL'er.  a  lai'p'  tradin;:  town;  (S«/cr.//t»/>',  the  chief  city  of 
the  Kellalahs.  and  largest  town  in  Central  Africa  ;  and  Kunu, 
tho  centi'r  of  civili/ation  and  internal  coimnerco. 

Cfin'/ttionii. — I.  For  whiit  in  Ceatrnl  Africa  iioteil  ?  2.  How 
ilivitleil  i  :i.  claHsi'N  uf  the  |sipuliition  .'  -1.  rcliL'itPii  !  'i.  loil  ?  [iro- 
tJacliiMiH  ?  'i.  Biulcofihe  aitit  1  7.  customs  f  Where,  iSlc,  Tiui- 
buctuu  /  Ac. 

AFRICAN  ISLANDS. 

I.  The  largest  islands  on  the  eastern  coa-st  are  Mtifhtts'iS' 
r«rand  thf  Cinn'-oro  '.</''w,  beloiii:in;:  chielly  to  the  natives; 
Mtimi'tins,  to  (Jreat  Britain;  liour'bun,  tt)  Franco;  und 
Sorn'tra  and  Zaniihiir',  to  the  Imam  of  Mu.scat. 

'J.  On  the  western  coast  are  the  Azorf.t,  Maihi'ra,  und 
the  Ciipe  Vtrd  islamls,  be!nnf:in^'  to  I'la'tUL'al  ;  tho  Cttna'  ry 
islrn.  ttv  Spain  ;  and  St.  Ih'lr'mi,  to  (ireat  Hritain. 

\\.  Miiiinedscur,  one  of  the  lar^'est  and  tin;  •<:  inlands  in 
the  worM.  is  traversoil  by  a  chain  tiflid'tv  niounuiiiiH,  below 
which  is  a  line  country  ot' hills  and  fertile  plains. 

•1.  Muurifius,  or  the  in/r  <>/  Vrdurf,  lornuTly  llie  jrreat 
slron;;hohl  of  Kniiico  in  the  liastern  seiii*,  wma  captured  in 
KiKI  by  the  Itritish.  wh(»  still  retain  it. 

5.  IiiHir/>on  is  noted  for  its  su^jar  and  coftec.  and  lor  a 
volcano  which  con.Htaiitly  throws  up  lii-e,  smoke,  and  ashes. 

(I.  The  Azorrs,  ur  Wmti  m  i.iian'is,  nearly  etpiiil.slant 
from  Ijirope.  Africa,  and  America,  are  a  tonvonient  rosoit 
for  vessels  navi^aliiu:  the  Atlantic. 

7.  Mu>icir>i,  lulled  liir  its  tine  wines,  consists  of  a  lofty 
mountain  with  many  peak.s.  and  the  slopes  on  all  sides 
cc)yered  wilh  rich  veiietalion. 

!!.  The  ('tni'r'ri<».  tor  their  line  climate  und  soil,  were 
called  bv  the  ancients  the  Vorfuiintt-  tnh\t.  Ti»irijr<\  tho 
largest,  is  noted  for  its  peak,  l'..i.()(10  feet  lii^di ;  and  l\  rr-->. 
the  most  westerly,  is  tiikeu  by  some  gungniphors  Ibr  a  first 
meritlian. 

y.  .sV.  tfrlr'nii.  a  rock.  OR  miles  in  circuit,  and  preseiitin^^ 
ail  evciT  side  in  \hv  sc;i  pcqu'iiilicuiar  waiis  frrm  tiOO  tc 
1200  feet  bi^'h,  wtus  the  ju-ison  of  Napoleon  llonapaiie. 

Qtir^tionf. — I.  ('hi>f  ifJttmU.  tnul  their  mrtu-rs,  on  the  eastern 
coast  ?  •-'.  tin  the  weatcni  coast  ?  Ii.  What  U  nutd  vi  Mailugtis- 
car  ?  Miiaiilius  ?  ».Vc. 


it. 


*.-w^i»»i«'B^*?'''*a»'«M'ii>-'*«««»«iW**»**'  ■-•«>*^t' 


C3 


LJ  A  It  ii  A  Ji  V    S  T  A  T  K  ;•    AND    E  Ci  V 


llUII  \ 

i       1^  /,'(/, I lA- 


I  S,k„h  \»i 


I 


N^ 


j/f.'iti/t/t 


Ulisititiil 


K/l/ll/l"-,^  O     *   Ij 


'I'lllH 


.l,i,i''li 


Sr;ilcinMil.'S.  I     .F    C    Z    Z    A    N   .-         '      ■'       ft       /f,        ^  ,  .  ,! 

'""  I    li'"  ■  ■".■^   ■     ra  rripiiu  ,:,   ,  ,' r 


],()ir'.iiiiOi>  \Vi'\l  i  iir)iii  l>rrcii< 


l.uuiitrt.le  K.islj  uoui  llmi'iivm  li        1,» 


QUESTIONS  AND  EXERCISES  ON  THE  MAP. 

HARHAIIV.— N'-nif  \\\v  tivu  Miirlmry  stiif.v^  in  nnior.  iM'-in- 
niiiJ  ill  tilt'  west.  WImt  sea  im  tlif  N.  ?  W'liiit.  uii  tlu'  S.  / 
Whii'li  ot  thi-m  iMjnlcrs  oii  \\w  Atlaiitii-  f  What  cniintry  in  lln^ 
(rrei:.  Ut'Sfrt  beliHUfinu'  to  Tripnli  ?  Fu.  Wliiit  L'liif  iK'tw.-rii 
Trijioli  iimi  Biiroa  ?  What  L'ulfim  tin;  cnast  cpf  Tuiis  ?  What 
nutmitaiiis  traviTsc  llarban-  Inun  Vfv^t  tit  eiist  .'  Ari'  tlif  re  any 
lai-.M-  rivers  in  Hnrlmry  ]  What  Itfoniuea  uf  tho  rivers  that  rise 
uii  tlif  s'j'ith  siiie  of  tlu?  A  this  i-Iiaiii  ? 

What  is  tho  face  ol'thi'  (■(luntry  .'  Ant.  Tho  Atlas  mnuntnius 
pass  throu^h  the  country  i'rnni  Slnnicen  to  Trijioli,  leaving'  he- 
tweeii  them  and  the  coast  a  t'ertiiu  phiiii,  t'rom  .'iD  to  l.')U  miles 
\viile,au'i  hetween  them  ami  the  desert  some  tiiiely-wntereiival 
leys.  In  Morocco  there  are  pinnailes  lit.oui)  lee't  hit:h  ;  in  Al- 
u'iers  nnriTunis  they  seldom  exceed  ;ii)m»  or  lUOO  ;  and  in  Tri|ioli 
the  whole  ranue  i:raihially  subsides  to  the  level  (dlhe  di-sert. 

//( fi'hti.' s/afi\iiiiif  on  what  curisf,  is  Mo. 'adore  ?  :?alli'e  ?  Derni'  ? 
Cyrene  .'  Oran  f  TaiiLrier  f  Al  u'iers  ^  Tripoli.'  7;/  nluif  }.lafr 
is  Fez  ?  Mequinea  ?  Constantiiia  \  Kairwaii .'  Mourzouk  ? 

KtJYPT— How  bounded  on  the  N.  ?  E.  ?  R.  ?  W.  ? 

What  IS  rhe  face  ot'  tlie  country  ?  Aiifi.  Tho  Nile  runs  fnun 
south  to  north,  throiiL:h  the  whole  of  Upper  Kunpt.  without  re- 
eeivinir  a  siiude  tnhutan.-.  and  then  dividiiiL',  enters  the  Mediter- 
ranean by  many  mouths,  formini^  what  is  called  its  Delta.  It  ter- 
tit.zes  a  narrow  belt  upon  its  banks.  4  (tr  5  miles  wide,  beyond 
which  sandy  deserts  exteml  to  the  eastern  and  western  iNtrders. 

What  is  "the  capital  of  KL-yjit  ?  Where  is  ('aim  ?  Alexan- 
dria ?  Hosetta  ?  liamielta  ?  Suez?  Cosseir  ?  At:5uauu  f  ruius 
uf  Thebes  \  ruins  of  Berenice  \ 

XTBIA. — How  bounded  \  What  is  its  trrent  river?  What 
two  rivers  form  the  Nile  \   priMci|ial  trilmtarv  <pf  the  Nile  ? 

What  is  the  Lrraml  featme  of  Nubia  ?  AiU.  The  Nile,  wirid- 
iiejfor  a  thousand  miles  throuL'h  a  ibsert.  mid  fiTtilizitiL'  a  strip 
of  land  usually  only  a  mile  wide,  while  barren  rocks  iiud  sands  ; 
eoviT  the  rest  of  the  countrv.  I 

Wln'ri'  is  Shendi  .'  Alois  T  Suakin  ?  Now  Dontrola?  the  roiin- 1 
try  of  the  rihilluka  (  the  kinmlrtm  of  Semiaar  ?  city  of  riumiaar  ? 
o  1 

ABYSi^INIA.— //ok-  hoiiinh"!  on  the  X.W.  ?  on  tbeN.E.?! 
What  tribes  on  the  S  ?  What  lake  near  the  center  \  In  what  i 
part  IS  the  province  of  TiuTe,  now  a  separati'  kiuL'dom  I 

What  is  the  face  of  the  country  ?  Ans.  Abyssinui  is  a  mount- 
ainous country,  with  numerous  fertile  valley's  well  watered  by 
the  beail  streams  ttf  Blue  r.  and  the  T — e. 

Where  is  Gondar  I  Masuah  .'  Axum  .'  Atiowa  ?  \ 

BARBARY  STATES.  ! 

1.  Tl'"  Harhary  Stiites,  nnd  cspeciiiliy  Al- 
giers .and  Mc)roc(!(i.  were  long  noted  Wn-  jiiriicy. 

ii.  Ar.iilKlls.  tiir  ciMitni'ics,  with  Ijfr  I'oi'riiiclalilc  n:iw,  'it-' 
tiiikiMl  llir  vrs.ti'ls  (jf  all  Christiiiri  n.-itiiins,  iiiilil,  In  ii;i:i. 
(.llf  W!i.s  si'vcri'ly  clinstisfd  liy  lli.'  Alni'riciill>.  ami  al'tiT- 
waril  liy  thu  I',iiL'li>h.  and  in"li;:i()  was  ciini|ni;iTd  liy  tl:r  . 
I'rincli.  wlio  niiw  Imld  tlii'  ciMinli'y  iw  a  cfildtiv.  i 

;t.  TIjr  climalc  uS  Barli.iry  is  trnipiTati'  aTid  pleasant,  but  \ 
till'  pla^'iip  iicciisiiinally  inalii's  aul'ill  i-a\ii;;i's. 

'\.  W'llt.Mt  and  harlcy  arc  llic  sliiplf  piodintinns.  t)at('- 1 
tn  !■»  coviT  llii'  cciiiiiliy  sniitli  iil'  Ml.  Alias  In  sii.li  an  I'Xtullt ! 
that  it  is  calliMl  liili'diiliri'rid.  nr  the  ('(jiinlry  nt' dates. 

5.  J.nciistri  nrcasiunally  ijinve  in  dense  masses  over  the 
eoiinlrv,  deslrnyiiil.'  every  f.'r(.'en  thin;,'.  j 

■;  .Salt  sii  iiliiiiinds  thrniiL'lioiit  Tunis  that  generally  the 
oii.y  water  111  liir  drinkiim  is  raiinyater. 

7.  Aurieiiltiiri!  and  the  arts  are  in  a  liaekward  slate. 

B.  f'Diniiieive  is  carried  mi  liy  sea  with  Diinipe,  and  Iiy 
caravans  ainiss  llii'  desert  with  the  iiiterinr  iil'  Al'riea. 

It.  The  piipiiluliiiii  enihraees,  1.  M,ti,rx.  the  riilin;.'  peii- 
pli'.  whii  liiriii  the  niit.ss  iit'  llie  popihilinn  in  the  cilii's  and 
cultivated  district.s;  'J,  Jiws,  who  siihsisl  chielly  liy  trade  ; 
.'1.  Ai-'tJif,  will)  live  in  tents  imti  wander  with  their  tlnrks  in 
the  interiiir;  4.  Hnlii'i-.i,  a  riidi',  hi 
vilhi-'cs  In  the  inunntains. 


U).   Hiirseniansliip  is  the  pride  and  amnseiiient  nl  the 
Muurs  and  tlu'ir  luats  in  this  art  are  tillen  wdiidertid 


i  A'lH/sruii ilta  tij  f/lt'  Minn.^. 

II.  The  ^'jveniinents  are  ahsniiite  despetisnis.  and  the 
Ijiiperiir  III'  .Mnrnccii  will  not  pennit  even  his  own  pniinise 
til  lie  a  check  upon  his  power.  "  Takest  thou  me  liir  an 
inliilel,"  .said  one  of  them  to  u  foreigner,  "  that  I  niu«t  lie 
the  slare  of  my  word."' 

I  Moitocro,  nn  n  fertile  plain  at  the  foot  of  tlie  loftiest 
part  of  Mount  All.is.  is  the  ra|Hl..l  of  the  empire  of  .Moiih'- 
co.     />;.  once  noted  for  its  mairniriience  and  its  scliooN. 

j  is  still  venenited  hy  .MohainincilaMs  as  a  holy  citv.     Mn/ui- 

1  ni'z  (iiiek'-e-iiez)  is  one  of  the  residences  of  the  Kmperor 
of  Mnnicco.  Mnfrndnre'  and  llalml'  are  the  principal  sea- 
ports of  the  em|iiie.  Siilire'  was  once  the  terror  of  llie  seas 
on  iKoiint  of  its  ]iii  iti  s  Tmiaiir'  is  tin  iisidimi  of 
1  uiopi  m  lonsnls,  I urnehi    (la  i  usli),  tin   aistnd  ol  Mu 

j  lotLo  ,  and  Ccu  la,  u  lortrcsa  bidoiifiin);  to  8pnin 


EGYPT. 

1.  Erryptisnf)te(lastlieci'a(Ileorie;inuiisr.ind 
tiie  arts. ^M-andinoiiumeiits  of  which  still  i-eiiiain. 

'J.  The  p;/rnmi'ls,  the  most  stiijiendoiis  work  of  inar,, 
built  no  (1111)  knows  when,  or  for  what  object,  are  on  the 
west  side  of  the  .Nile,  near  (.'aim.  The  largest  is  (ii)3  feu' 
sipiare  at  the  base,  and  .Mtit  feet  high  I 

II.  The  i.'^/tkitix  is  a  huge  inonster,  w  itb  the  head  of  a  man 
and  body  of  a  beast  cut  in  the  solid  rock  near  one  of  the 
jiMimids  tormeiK  only  tin  head  was  visible;  but,  the 
sand  linin,.;  bi  t  n  (liaud  aw  i\  the  body  is  found  to  be 
IJ  I  ti  I  t  loll,,  and  a  ti  iiiph  ol  some  si/e  has  bi.'en  dis- 
roNtitd  bctwitn  the  leg*,  and  another  in  ono  of  the  paws. 


1 !'!'■ 


npyiiig 


"J  iij  AlJim:i. 

.■\r.c,iEKs',  built  on  the  declivity  of  a  hill,  with  hoii.ae" 
and  streets  rising  successively  above  eai.'h  other.  presenliiiL' 
a  line  spectacle  from  tin'  sea.  is  the  capital  of  the  terrilorv 
of  .Vk'iers.  C>..,.^(nnli'iin  is  next  to  the  capital  in  strength 
nnd  importance.  Trcmrcm'  is  the  chief  place  in  the  West- 
ern district ;  Or/in',  a  sirong  plaei'.  formerly  held  by  .Sjiain  ; 
and   fiolKt  is  noted  for  the  coral  li>hei-y. 

Te'.vis.  the  eapil.il  cif  the  state  of  Tunis,  is  the  largest 
eity  in  liarliaiy.  and  the  tirst  in  comnierce  and  manufac- 
tures.      77(C   minx   nf  (',irlliiii;f.  once    the    misliess   of  the 

seas,  and  the  rival  of  Itome,  are  on  a  promontory  10  miles 
N.I'.,  of  Tunis.  KairiciiH'  is  niiti  d  fur  the  most  iiiagniKcent 
mosipie  in  .M'riea. 

Tmr'oi.i.  the  capital  of  the  state  of  Tripoli,  is  noted  ''  r 
it.^  trade  by  caravan  with  the  interior  of  Africa. 

Dtll.vK,  the  I'apiliil  of  liana,  was  captured  by  the  Amer- 
ican (ieneral  liatoii,  in  1IU).'>,  Cyn-iie'  is  noted  liir  its 
ruins,  and  esjiecially  its  totnbs. 

Qiir<liiiiii. — 1.  For  what  is  Itiirhnry  noted  ?  2,  What  is  siiid 
of  .\l-;i.-ri  '  ■■:  .'linen.'  of  n  ir\,!vy  ?  -i.  pr.t.iiictinns  .'  fi.  Inrusts  ? 
il.  What  mineral  f  7,  stale  of  HL'rieiillurc.  ,Ve.  ?  f.  conimeree .'  i). 
classes  nf  the  poiiiihition  I  111.  aniiisement  of  the  MiKirs  ?  It. 
ijoveriiineiits  '.     Where,  unil  (or  wlini  nuicd,  Moroccii .'  &c. 


/Vie  rijramiiiii  'tint  .'^I'fii'u. 

In  the  ..'realer  part  o(  I'^'ypt  it  never  rains,  and  in 
often  generates  llie  plague. 


summer  the  inUuise  heat  i 

.'i.  The  Nih'.  swelled  by  the  rains  of  Central  Afrira.  lie- 

t'iiis  to  rise  about  the  niidilh'  of  .hiiie.  attains  it.s  full  height 
I  in  SeptiTiiber.  and  then  ijrailually  subside.-.,  leaving  a  rich 

mud  upon  the  overllowed  laml. 

i      (i.  'J'he  staple  prodiiciN  are  rice,  grain,  ami  cotii  n. 
I      7.   About  three  fourths  of  the  people  are  Arnlm.     Tlin 

rest  are  chieHy  (^«/i/.«.  desiemlaiitsof  the  ancient  r.gsptinns; 

nnd   Turks,  who,  thongli  fu'v  in  imniber,  are  the  rnliiii; 
'  people. 

j  JI.  I'gypt  was  lonu  nominallv  subject  to  Turkey,  bii*  her 
I  energetic  pwhaw.  .Mohanmied  Ali.  after  conipierim;  Nubia 
'and  a  large  part  of  Arabia,  wrested  .^vria  from  the  Sultan 
[and  threatened  Constantinople.     The  LOeat  powers  of  Iji- 

rope  then  interfered,  and  in   111  1 1   nsiored  to  the  sultan 
I  Syria  ami  n  nominal  doniinion  over  Kgypt. 

Cai'ro,  the  capital  of  I'.gypt,  and  the  laryesl  city  in  Af- 
rica, has  an  e.xtensiye  eommi'iie  by  caravans  with  Centrul 
.\lVica,  .Nubia,  .\rubia,  Syria,  and  I'ersia. 


EGYPT,    NUBIA,    AND    ABYSSINIA. 


69 


;ypt 

SSII^IA 

AND 

JBIA 


-t= 


qMECCI 


sP'Wa 


«    til' 


T 


V,S*"'*V 


>li?*iW"'/"'  i^R? 


rt::' 


narriH-\ 

3"' 


Js^^ 


ennuiiijrand 
still  remain. 

work  of  mar., 
■ct,  are  on  the 
^est  18  (iy3  fc'u* 

head  of  a  man 
ear  one  of  the 
■\\\i\v ;  Imt.  tlio 
is  fouml  to  ho 

IniH  been  dis- 
lu  of  the  puws. 


•  rains,  and  in 

Iral  AtVii-a.  Iic- 
•'  \\x  full  height 
leaving  a  rich 

I  rottf  n, 
'  A  rah,.     Tim 
ent  KiJ^-ptians; 
ire  the  riilin;; 

iirkfv.  Iiii*  lior 
ipiiTinL'  Nnhia 
Diti  th<>  Sultan 
|n.vvrrs  of  !ji- 
to  the   Kultaii 

:i'st  city  in  Af- 
s  with  Central 


Alvxnn'dria,  the  port  from  whii 
is  canied  on,  was  once  the  moat  i 
Among  its  ruina  still  stand  Pomp  ^ 

Neodle,  both  of  fine  granite,  the  tirst  iio  and  the  last  OB  feet 
high 


lich  the  tnidc  with  Kurope  I  tho  nyrnmids  1  'A.  the  ti^ihiiix  ?  4.  the  cliniiite  I  d.  the  Nile  ?  (i.  | 
aplendid  city  in  tho  world.  ?  fltaplo  imxiarts  ?  7. 1'lansrH  ul'  the  people  ?  8.  political  condition 
tey'n  Pillar  and  rieopatni's  I  "'  ^'^'yi't  f  Where,  uiul  lor  what  noted,  Cain)  ?  Alexiuidria  ?  ie. 

tifKt  (l.'i  Hint  tlii>  limt  Tilt  t'pi't  1 

NUBIA. 

1.  Xnl)ia,  like  E^y])t,  abounds  with  mag- 
iiliicent  inoniitnentH  ot*an('ient  art. 

S.  The  '.nr>st  noted  nunmineiit  is  the  temple  of  Ipsam'bul, 
on  the  Nile,  cut  out  of  the  holid  rock,  and  adorned  on  tho 
indidu  with  coluHsal  statues,  and  painted  Rculptures  repro 
uenting  coRth^s,  battles,  triumphal  j>ruce»Hions,  &c. ;  while 
uu  the  out>«ide  are  tour  coIosm,  larger  than  any  M^itlptnred 
figures  in  Kgvpt  except  the  Sphinx,  one  of  them  measuring, 
fruni  the  heel  to  the  top  of  the  cup,  (ij  fetJt. 


Pompty's  Pillar. 


CUopatra's  yeaile. 


RoHct'ta  and  Ihtninf't/i,  at  the  principal  moutlia  of  the 
Nile;  and  Suez,  at  the  head  of  the  Red  sea,  are  places  of  i 
Home  commerce;  Hiouf  (se-oot)  is  the  Rtatittn  of  the  cara- 1 
vans  for  Nubia  and  Darfur;  Thebes  and  Den'dvru  arc  noted 
for  magnifierut  ruins;  Cossf.ir'  has  a  |xior  harbor  on  the 

Ked  sea,  and  Berenice,  now  in  ruins,  was  once  the  emjiori-   long  by  151)  with*;  and  near  Shendi  are  40  pyramids,  sup- 
mn  of  the  trade  with  India.  i  posed  to  be  more  ancient  than  the  pyramiils  of  Kgypt. 

4.  Thi."  ShillnkH  are  ni'groes  \\\\n  eonijuered  Sennaar  in 

Q,uestioru.—\.  Vox-  what  is  Egypt  noted  .'   a    What  is  said  of  ,  1j04,  and  are  still  the  ruling  people. 


TcwpU  uf  Iptambul.  interior  oj'  the  TempU. 

3.  Near  Meraive  are  7  or  8  temples  adorned  with  flcul|>- 
tures,  hieroglyphics,  &.C.,  the  largest  of  which  is  -luO  feet 
by  151)  with; 


New  Dongola  was  the  capital  of  the  Mamclukps  after 
they  wore  driven  from  Kgvpt ;  Shendi  is  the  chief  dep6t  of 
tho  slaves  and  gold  bnnigiit  by  the  car-avans  from  Ct^ntral 
Africa;  Seunanr',  tho  capital  of  the  kingdom  of  Senuaar ; 
Aiais  (a-Iu'),  the  capital  of  the  Sliilluks,  and  Sua'kin,  the 
chief  |M)rt  on  the  Keil  sea. 

Quest iiius.--\.  Fur  what  is  Nubia  noted?  2.  llTiai  is  said  of 
the  teinple  of  Ipsuinhul  f  :j.  of  iiionuniciita  near  Mcruwo  and 
r?hcndi  .'  -i.  uf  the  rihiUuks  .'  F-jr  what  noted,  New  Dongola  ?  Ac. 

ABYSSINIA. 

1.  The  Al)yssiiiiaiis  are  the  only  people  in 
Africa  who  liave  long  professed  Christianity. 

2.  Circumoiiiion,  ami  otlier  JewiHli  obner\'anceB,  with 
>*i)nw  idulaUy,  are  inixffl  up  with  tiieir  CliriMlimiity. 

3.  Tiieir  nmnnors  aru  jict'iitious  and  (crooious.  Tliey  kill 
)  a(  li  iitiuM*  without  C(Uii[)uncti()n  on  slif^ht  occlusions;  niiiJ 
at  their  I'ciists  eat  the  raw  tlcsh  ol'  animals  Just  slain,  whilu 
tho  hloful  is  wann. 

4.  Tho  (ialla,  a  rare  of  warliko  savapes,  have  recently 
coiu|Uore(l  tho  southern  and  centml  provi'iiccs. 

5.  The  government  is  a  des[iotism.  Agriculture  and  the 
arts  are  in  a  nido  state. 

Go.v'dar,  the  ca|>ital  and  largest  rity,  has  a  handsome 
stone  palace  and  100  churches.  Ado'wa,  the  cni)ital  of 
Tifire  (to-gm').  maiuifiictiu'es  cotton  goods  and  knives, 
Ax'um  is  noted  for  its  inoiiumenls,  anions;  which  are  '10 
obelisks,  one  80  feet  hii;h.  Afnx'uak,  on  the  Red  sea.  now 
in  the  hands  of  the  I'acha  of  K.L'ypt,  is  the  port  through 
which  .Xhyasinia  receives  most  of  her  foreign  goods. 

Qiicslians.—I.  For  nhot  is  Abyssinia  noted  1  2.  rcliyiun  ?  ?. 
nianiicrs  ?  4.  Who  are  tho  Gullu  ?  5.  govurnuieut .'  ice.  For 
I  wirnt  noted,  Goniiur?  Ac. 


GEIERAL   AID    COM  PAR  AT  I YE    VIEWS 


OF    VARIOUS    SUBJECTS     OF    GEOGRAPHY. 


I.   OF  THE  WORLD, 

THE  ATMOSPHERE. 

1.  Common  air,  or  th(^  atmosphere,  is  a  hue,  invisible, 
elastic  fluid,  sunounding  the  earth,  and  extending  some 
miles  above  its  surface. 

U.  Tlie  higher  you  a.icend  the  rarer  is  tlie  atmosphere, 
and  on  the  tops  of  the  highest  mountains  it  is  so  thin  that 
animals  can  scarcely  breathe  it. 

3.  The  air  is  expanded  by  heat  and  contracted  by  cold, 
and  these  changes  put  it  in  motion,  the  warm  air  jwcend- 
ing,  and  the  culd  air  rushing  in  to  supply  itj^  {)lace. 

Questions. — 1.  What  is  the  otinosplu  ve  ?  0.  \Vlint  difference 
is  tliere  between  tlie  air  in  the  higher  and  lower  regions  of  the 
atmosphere  1    3.  Wlmt  causes  niotiuu  in  the  uir  .' 

WINDS. 

1.  Tho  motion  of  the  air  is  called  Wind. 

2.  The  winds  in  a  great  part  of  the  tornd  zone,  cspecial- 
ly  on  the  ocean  at  a  distance  lrr)m  land,  blow  eonstantlv 
ii-om  the  ejist,  and  are  called  trade  winds,  because  they 
facilitate  trading,'  vityngi^H. 

3.  The  trade  winds  are  caused  partly  by  the  diurnal  mo- 
tion of  the  earth  from  west  to  east,  and  partly  by  the  heal 
of  the  sun  rurefyinj;  the  air  within  the  tropics,  and  causing' 
currents  to  rush  hi  to  restore  the  eipiilibriuni. 

4.  Under  the  eipiator  the  trade  wiufls  are  due  east  ;  and 
as  you  go  from  the  etiualor  toward  the  north,  they  incUne 
to  northeast,  anil  toward  the  soutli  t((  southeast. 

5.  Ill  liie  Indian  ocean  the  tnule  winds  are  curiouslv 
iiHHlitied  by  the  surrouiidini:  land.  Helween  llie  southern 
tropic  and  \{i  S.  hit.,  where  there  is  little  land  to  disturb 
the  motions  of  tlie  air,  the  rej/ular  trade  winds  ]>revail ; 
Imt  north  of  this  last  parallel  southwest  winds,  accompa- 
nied by  rain,  prevail  from  April  to  October,  and  dry,  nortli- 
vrt^t  winds,  from  October  to  April.  These  winds  are 
called  tnonsonn.^,  and  the  chaufze  from  one  monsoon  to  an- 
other is  attended  by  violent  storms. 

6.  Hi^^h  lands  iaterriipt  the  course  of  the  trade  winds. 
Under  tlie  lee  of  i  e  Afriran  sliore,  for  exanijile,  near  the 
Cape  \'erd  islands,  calms  and  variable  winds  prevail;  ami 
the  hifty  barrier  of  ilie  Andes  shelters  the  sea  near  the 
western  coast  of  Smitli  America,  tut  thiit  ships  dn  not  feel 
the  trade  winds  till  tlu-y  are  (JO  leaLTues  from  the  nhore. 

7.  In  the  temperate  and  frigid  zones  the  winds  are  vari- 
able, blowiu;,'  irrejinlarly,  sinnetinies  from  caie  point  and 
fiometimes  from  another. 

a.  When  ihi'  wind  moves  at  the  rate  of  i  or  .**  miles  an 
hour  it  is  a  ^'entle  breeze;  at  the  rate  of  l.'i  or  'JO  miles,  a 
brisk  fiide;  af  the  rate  ef  :iO  miles,  a  hi;^h  wind;  and  at  the 
rate  of  100  miles,  a  hurricjine  or  tornado. 

9    Hnrritfanrs  are  "enerallv  whirlwinds,  eonfinrd   to  n 


narrow  patli.  with  n  proijressive  motion,  sometimes  of  only 
10  or  IT)  miles  an  hour. 

10.  Hurricanes  are  more  frecpien*  and  destructive  in  the 
West  Indies,  and  on  the  shores  of  China  and  Farther  India, 
than  in  any  other  part  of  the  world.  In  China  they  are 
called  tiiphoons. 

11.  The  iftlands  and  shores  within  the  tropica  are  refresh- 
ed by  sea  and  land  breezes;  the  sea  breeze,  or  wind  from 
the  sea,  always  blowing  during  the  day.  and  the  land  breeze, 

I  or  wind  from  the  land,  during  the  ni^'lit. 
i      I'J.   In  Africa  and  Arabia  a  hot,  pestilential  wind,  called 
the  simninn.  or  samiel,  and  the  kamsift,  blows  at  certain  soq.- 
I  sons  from  the  parched  ih'serl.'i     In  Italy  it  is  modified  by 
I  pa^sing  over  the  Mediterranean,  and  is  called  the  sirocco. 

'  Questions. — l."\Vlmt  is  wind  ?  ■..'.  What  arc  the  trriilc  winds, 
I  and  where  do  they  prevail  .'  ;J.  Wlmi  causes  the  trmli'  winds.' 
j  1.  In  what  direction  do  the  trade  winds  hlnw  ?  .^>.  Where  do 
I  the  monsoons  prevail  '  Which  way  do  they  blow  .'  (i.  What  is 
[  the  eH'ect  of  hiuh  lands  on  ihe  trade  winds  .'  7.  Where  do  va- 
;  riahle  winds  previiil  ?  H.  Af  vhitl  rate  d'M.*  the  wind  more  in  a 
'  hrceze  !  in  a  gale  .'  in  a  hurricane  .'  !'.  \\'ha(  art'  Iiurricnucs  ? 
,  10.  Where  are  hurricanes  most  frequ.'iit?  II.  What  nrp  sea 
;  and  land  breezes,  and  where  do  thev  prevail  >  l:i.  IVhal  is  the 
siiaooin,  and  where  does  it  prevail  1  the  sirm'co? 
I 
j  Ri.tN. 

I       1.   Rain   is  very  nneipnilly   liislribiiled   to  the  difleront 
I  parts  of  the   glo()e.     It   is  generally    more  abundant   the 

nearer  you  approach  the  equiitor. 
j  2.  Under  the  eipiator  the  deptli  of  min  wliicli  falls  annu- 
j  ally  is  nsuiilly  about  !m;  inches;  and  as  you  go  toward  the 
I  jniles  it  diminishes,  till  at  the  latitude  of  (10  it  is  only  17 
j  inches ;  but  the  number  of  niiny  ilays  increases  with  the 
{  latitude. 

j  ;i.  In  the  torrid  zone  the  mins,  like  the  winds,  occur  reg- 
I  iilarly  i;t  certain  seasons  of  the  year.  The  rainy  seasfui. 
'  north  of  the  eipiator.  lasts  from  .\pril  to  October;  and  south 
i  of  the  ecpiator.  from  October  to  April. 
j  4.  In  the  vicinity  of  cape  Verd  there  is  an  extensivr  tract 
[of  sea  wliere  opposite  winds  meet,  producing  perpetual 
I  calm  and  perpetual  rain. 

5.   In  Kgypt,  I'eifl,  and  Chili  there  are  large  districts  in 

which  it  never  rains. 

Questions.—].  Where  in  rain  moat  nbinidnnt?  •:?.  What  dep*h 
;  of  rain  fulls  atttmallt/  »t  the  ri|uator  ?  at  the  latitude  of  tiu-  ? 
I  Where  is  the  irrcalest  nuinher  uf  rainy  days  ?  :i.  In  what  part 
j  of  the  world  are  the  rains  reKuIur  !  'When  is  the  rainy  season 
in  the  pnrt  of  the  (nrrid  zone  north  of  the  e.pintur  ?  4,  In  wlmt 
!  port  of  the  wiirld  does  it  rain  perpetuidly  I  C>.  In  what  couu- 
I  tries  is  there  nu  ruin  .' 

I  TEMPERATURE.  [ 

j      I.  The  tempe'atiire  of  any  re^-inn  depends  ehielly  upon 


2.  In  proportion  as  ym  go  from  theecpiator  to  the  poles 
rlie  cohl  inrrea.M'>;  and  in  proportion  as  you  ascend  above 
the  level  of  the  sea  the  cold  increa.'^es. 

3.  In  the  tonid  zone  low  countries  are  hot  and  iinhealtby, 
but  eoimtries  ehnated  fiOOO  or  8000  feet  above  the  sea  en- 
joy perpetual  spring,  while  at  the  lieighl  of  13  or  14,000 
leet  the  climate  is  the  same  as  in  the  frigid  zcme. 

4.  Under  the  equator  mountains  more  than  15,000  feet 
hi^h  are  covered  with  perpetual  snow;  and  the  line  of  per- 
petual congelation  continually  descends  as  )ou  go  toward 
the  poles.  In  latituile  40-^  it  is  about  !)000  feet  above  tho 
level  of  the  sea;  in  latitude  50^,  about  0000;  and  in  lati- 
tude  CO-^,  only  3000  feet. 

Qticsfionfi. — 1.  On  what  two  thintrs  does  temperature  chiefly 
depend  ?  2.  As  you  l'ii  from  the  eipiator  dues  the  climate  be- 
come warmer  or  colder  ?  Where  is  it  colilest,  at  the  top  or  bot- 
tom oi  a  hii-'h  niountuin  f  3.  Ju  the  torrid  zone,  irhat  is  the  tem- 
pera/tire  of  low  countries  ?  of  countries  C  or  COUO  feet  above  the 
sea?  of  places  14,UUU  feet  above  the  sea?  4.  How  hivh  above 
the  sea  is  the  line  of  /vrpctiial  snotv  under  the  eijuator  /  in  lat. 
■10-  .'  in  lat.  tiu'  i 

THE  SEA. 

1.  The  sen.  in  its  widest  sense,  embraces  tne  five  oceans, 
and  all  the  gulfs  and  other  large  bodies  of  sidt  water  di- 
rectly connected  with  them. 

2.  It  is  commonly  esthnated  that  the  sea  covers  about 
three  (piarters  of  the  surface  of  the  globe. 

3.  One  f:reat  use  of  the  sea  is  to  equalize  the  temperaturo 
of  the  ghtlie.  Water  has  a  great  capacity  for  heat,  and  by 
the  currents  of  the  ocean  the  water  lieateil  within  the  trop- 
ics is  earned  to  the  borders  of  the  frigid  zones. 

'i.  The  sea  at  the  distance  of  4  or  rjOfl  miles  around  tho 
poles  seems  to  be  constantly  covered  with  ice,  and  mount- 
ains of  itH.',  called  icehert^s,  rising  sometimes  100  feet  above 
the  water,  are  often  floated  by  winds  and  currents  far  with 
in  the  temj)erate  zcnies. 

5.  The  vapors  raisi^l  by  the  heat  of  the  sun  from  the 
ocean  form  clouds,  which  are  carried  by  winds  to  far  dis- 
innt  regions,  where  they  give  nut  their  heat  to  the  air,  and 
their  water  to  feed  rivers,  plants,  and  animals. 

0.  Another  great  use  of  the  sea  is  to  facilitate  intercotirse 
and  eonmierce  between  distant  nations,  bulky  and  heavy 
articles  b^'ing  rarried  across  the  sea  in  ships  with  great  ra- 
pidity and  at  little  expense. 

Questions. — 1.  Wlint  is  the  sen  ?  2.  How  much  of  the  earth's 
surface  is  covered  by  the  sea  !  'i.  How  does  the  sea  nlli-ct  tem- 
perature ?  4.  How  are  wann  rejrions  made  colder  f  f).  How 
are  cold  regions  niaile  warmer?  ti.  Of  what  use  is  the  sea  in 
commerce ' 

TIDES. 


.       .  .      .  1-  Tides  are  the  regular  rise  and  fall  of  the  water  in  tho 

Its  distance  from  the  equator,  and  its  elevation  above  the   sea  twice  every  25  hours. 
level  of  the  s©u  ■      o    The  tides  are  caused  chiefly  bv  the  attraction  nf  th*» 


I 


,«.«.-*%«»?|;««.'^»«!e»«i*?< 


■im--^:  -vwllillwSWje?!*" 


70 


GENERAL    VIEWS,    &c. 


iiui.m,  lull  pnrlly  by  llial  of  ilii:  sin;  luui  mv  liigliest  when 
tlif  8IML  iiiiii  iiioiin  iiri!  cm  llic  miiiii'  sule  ol'  ilie  wiilh, 

3.  'J'lie  luM^'lii  ii.  whiili  lilt;  liile  rises  in  any  pliico  de- 
poniJs  imicli  on  iIili  simpe  ol  tiiu  iiuiil'  iif:iiinst  which  the 
great  tiile  wave  strikes;  Ihu  highest  titles  in  ihe  miildle  tif 
the  I'auillc  oeeiui  being  only  5  leet,  while  in  seme  tuniiel- 
shapeil  chuimeU,  as  in  the  bay  of  Fiiutly  anil  part  of  the 
British  chaimel,  they  rise  to  the  height  of  40  feet,  and  even 
higher. 

Qiiestimm.—l.  What  are  tiilcs  7  2.  What  causes  tlio  tides  I 
n.  On  what  Hues  the  heii;ht  of  the  tide  depeudl  Where  are 
the  highest  tides  1 

0UHRENT3. 

1.  Witliin  the  tropics  the  truile  winds  cause  a  current 
across  the  raeilie,  Inilian,  and  Atlantic  oceans,  generally 
from  east  to  west,  but  inoililied  in  dilferent  parts  of  its 
course  by  the  .■thape  of  the  land,  and  by  other  currents  set- 
ting in  from  the  I'olar  seas. 

2.  After  doubling  the  cape  of  Good  Hope  this  current 
runs  north  to  the  Cape  Verd  islands,  and  there  turns  west, 
passes  through  the  Caribbean  sea,  between  Cuba  aiitl  Yu- 
catan, round  tlie  Mexican  gulf,  through  the  straits  of  Klor- 
ida,  and  altnig  the  shores  of  tliu  United  States  (where  it  is 
(■alleil  the  Gulf  stream)  to  Newfoundland.  At  this  point  it 
is  urneil  to  the  southeast  by  a  polar  current,  iiiiil,  passing 
the  Azores  and  Canary  isles,  returns  in  a  great  measure  into 
itself. 

3.  One  branch  of  this  current  runs  east  into  the  Mediter- 
ranean: another  sinilli,  altnig  the  shores  of  Brazil,  anti 
through  the  straits  of  .Magellan  into  the  Pacific  ;  and  oth- 
ers still  are  so  modified  by  the  polar  currents  as  to  form 
immense  whirlpools,  embracing  large  portions  of  the  ocean. 

4.  Smaller  whirlpools,  caused  by  titles  and  currents  meet- 
ing in  narrtiw  passages,  are  very  dangerous,  often  drawing 
in  slii|>s  anil  ilashing  them  uiinn  the  rocks.  The  most  eel- 
ebratetl  of  these  are  the  Maelstrom  tin  the  eotust  of  Nor'.vav, 
and  Charylidis  in  the  straits  between  Sicily  and  Italy. 

Question!*. — 1.  In  what  direction  does  the  ffreat  current  of  the 
sea  run  ?  y.  Can  you  describe  its  course  after  doubling  the  enne 
of  GtKitl  Hope  ?  '-i.  Can  you  tiescribe  the  course  of  any  of  tlie 
branches  of  this  cuiTent  ?  4.  How  are  small  whirliitxil's  in  the 
SCI  formed  ?  What  calamity  tlo  tlioy  sometimes  oeeiisiou  ? 
Name  the  most  celebrated  of  tliese  dangerous  whirlpools. 

VEGETABLES. 

1.  The  number,  size,  anil  luxuriance  of  vegetables  are 
greatest  in  the  torrid  zone,  and  diminish  as  you  go  toward 
the  poles. 

Q.  Among  the  most  remarkable  vegetables  of  the  toniti 
zone  are,  the  sagn  palm,  which  yieltls  a  juiie  so  thick  antI 
uutrilious  that  it  is  used  for  food;  the  breait-fruil-trcc  antI 
plantain,  which  proilucea  fruit  resembling  breail ;  the  leak 
of  India,  which  is  used  tor  slii|)  building,  and  surpa.sses 
even  the  oak  in  finnness  and  dut^bility;  the  mighty  Bao- 
bab, which  grows  on  the  banks  of  the  Senegal,  and  "attains 
a  circumference  of  CO  and  TO  feet ;  anil  the  great /na  palm 
of  Intlia,  one  leaf  of  wliieU  will  cover  ten  or  a  dozen  men. 
The  torrid  zone  also  yields  the  most  fragrant  apices  and 
the  most  luscinn/tfrnifs. 

3.  The  lower  latituiles  of  the  temperate  zones  yield  the 
vine,  from  the  fruit  of  which  wine  is  made;  the  mulberry. 
on  the  leaves  of  which  the  silk-wone  feeds;  the  olive. 
which  ])roduces  sweet  oil;  wheat,  barley,  and  other  nutri- 
litiiis  grains;  ami  cotton,  which  is  now  more  extensively 
used  for  cUtthing  than  anv  other  material. 

4.  In  thi;  hiu'her  latitudes  of  the  temperate  zones  wheat 
grows  with  tlitriLulty,  but  oats.  hemp.  antI  //nx  are  raised  in 
perfection ;  tbt^  pa.stures  aie  rich  antI  verdant  with  i;ras.i ; 
the  forests  yield  the  oak,  the  ash.  the  elm,  itc,  and  the 
apple, pear,  cherry,  currant,  gooseberry.  &c..  are  abundant. 

5.  In  the  frigid  ztmes,  and  in  some  countries  even  as  low 
as  the  parallel  of  60'.  nature  assumes  a  gloomy  and  deso- 
late aspect.  The  pints  andyirj  at  first  rear  tlici  ■  tall  lieails, 
and  cover  the  hills  with  their  constant  mantle  of  dark  green, 
but  as  you  ailvance  towaiil  the  north  every  species  of  veg- 
etable which  yieltls  food  to  man  entirely  fails;  and  nothing 
appears  but  dwarf  trees,  bushes,  and  mosses. 

Questiiint. — 1.  In  what  zone  is  veeetation  most  luxuriant  ?  2. 
Nnine  some  of  the  most  notetl  veuetahles  of  llie  torritl  zone. 
What  is  said  tif  the  sa-jo  palm  ?  of  the  hrc-aii  fruit-tree  f  of  the  I 
teak?  of  the  Baobab  ?  fan  i-  itiii  ?     .'J.  and  4.  Xame  some  of  the  \ 
most  notcil  fe'je''it;lei  in  llif  Itiwer  latitutles  of  the  temperate  I 
zones  ?  ill  the  lULduT  hititmles  of  these  zones  !      What  is  said  o[ 
the  vine  ?  mulberry  '  olive  >  cotton  (     5.  Describe  the  vegeta- 
tien  of  the  IVigiti  zones.  i 


ANIMALS. 


1.  The  torrid  zon  '  i-t  as  lusiiriaiit  in  its  aniinids  as  in  its 
Vf.'i'iabh'S.  The  miL'hty  elephmit  liere  ilwtlls  in  the  tlojuh  • 
of  aneient  forests,  wllih;  the  rhiunrer^s  anil  the  htppopotaA 
mm  roll  their  enormous  liodies  aim  g  the  banks  of  the 
stream!^.  "  ' 

2.  The  ni'ist  fenicious  animals  in  this  zone  are  the  lion,  \ 
the  tifrer,  the  leopard,  the  panther,  ihe  ounce,  anil  tilt*  hyena, ' 
while  ill  till'  great  rivers  crocodiles  and  alligators  iiw  ready  , 
to  devour  the  unwary  | 


3.  This  burning  zone  gemmates  swarms  of  vcnomout  rep- 
tiles aiitl  serpents  of  enoniious  size,  while  locusts,  files,  and 
ants  move  in  such  close  and  immense  lu-mit.'s  as  to  lay 
waste  the  eaith,  and  drive  nations  beliire  them. 

4.  The  largest  birds  are  the  ostrich,  the  cassowary,  and 
the  condor;  and  small  bird.*  of  brilliant  aiitl  I'xipi'isittly 
beautiful  plumage,  but  less  nielotlious  in  their  notes  than 
the  birds  of  the  temperate  zones,  abound  in  the  liirests. 

5.  Among  the  marine  insects  are  the  corals,  which  have 
stonv  cases  that  remain  alter  the  death  of  the  animal,  anil 
gradually  aecumulatini'  aiitl  atlhering  to  each  other,  at 
length  lorm  large  rtxjks  and  even  islands.  The  I'ucilic 
ocean  from  New  llollimd  to  the  I'rieutlly  islaiuls  abountls 
with  corals,  luid  ships  are  in  constant  danger  of  striking 
against  rocks  of  this  substance. 

6.  In  the  tenipeiate  zones  are  few  monstrous  or  ferocious 
animals ;  but  tin;  horse,  ox,  sheep,  goat,  hog,  dog,  cat,  ami 
other  valuable  domestic  animals  are  fouiiil  m  great  perfec- 
tion nearly  to  the  parallel  of  (io^. 

7.  As  we  approach  the  OOlli  degree  of  latitude,  the  coun- 
try, almost  deserted  by  man,  is  coveretl  willi  the  elk,  the 
marten,  the  sable,  the  beaver,  the  ermine,  animals  covered 
with  a  rich  anil  beautiful  fur,  which  is  eagerly  sought  after 
by  man  for  purposes  of  comlijrt  anil  luxurv,  and  hence  these 
Irozeii  countries  have  bi;come  the  regioii  of  an  extensive 
fur  trade.  The  most  useful  domestic  animal  in  this  climate 
is  the  reindeer. 

8.  In  the  frigid  zones  the  ipiadriiped  species  niiaiii  as- 
sume a  tierce  and  formidable  character.  The  gn'at  trhitc 
bear  loaiiis  over  the  tieltis  of  iee,  and  rushes  boldly  to  the 
attack  ol  man;  the  walrus,  or  sea-horse,  rises  amiti  the  iee- 
bergs  with  his  enormous  tusks;  and  the  miglilv  whale  rolls 
Ihroiigli  the  sea.  and  mingles  his  hightful  roariiigs  with  the 
.sound  of  the  tempest. 

Questions.— 1,  Name  some  of  the  largest  animals  of  the  torrid 
tone  I  'i.  the  most  ferocious  ?  3.  Wliat  other  troublesome  um- 
inals  in  the  tomil  zone  !  4.  Which  are  the  lariiest  birds  7  For 
what  other  hirils  is  the  torritl  zone  liinious  .'  5."  What  is  said  of 
the  coriils  7  (i.  What  vahiahle  animals  are  founti  in  great  per- 
lectUMi  in  the  lower  latitudes  of  the  temperate  ztaies  7  7.  What 
useful  .animals  in  the  higher  latitudes  of  the  tempernte  zones  ! 
S.  Name  some  of  the  lnrj;est  animals  of  the  liiirid  zones. 

METALS  AND  MINERALS. 

1.  Gold.  Golil  is  usually  liiund  in  a  perfeelly  pure  state 
at  the  toot  of  ranges  of  mouiilaiiis,  from  which  "it  is  washeil 
(iinvn  by  rivers.  It  is  most  Hbundant  in  Califflrnia,  South 
America.  Kast  Africa,  \VeBt  Africa,  and  the  Asiatic  isles. 

2.  Silver.  The  richest  silver  inines  arc  those  of  Mexico 
and  Bolivia.  Since  Ihe  discovei-y  of  America,  nine  tenths 
of  all  the  silver  in  the  world  have  come  from  these  mines. 

3.  Iron.  This  useful  metal  is  very  generally  ditbisetl ;  but 
Ihe  most  protluctive  iron  mines  are  those  of  Britain,  France, 
Russia.  Swetlen.  and  I'ennsylvania. 

4.  Copper  is  found  in  .Norway,  St.veden,  Chili,  Wiscon- 
sin, antI  other  countries,  but  the  most  nbnnilant  supply  is 
from  the  mines  ol  Coinwall  in  i;n;;liinil. 

5.  Lead.  The  most  productive  lead  mines  in  the  world 
arc  ihiisf  of  Great  Britain;  and  of  .Missouri,  Illinois,  and 
the  ailjiiining  territories  in  the  Uniled  Slates  of  America. 

fi.  Tin  is  coinjiaiatively  a  rare  metal.  The  chii;f  mines 
arc  tliiMe  of  Cornwall  in  Englantl,  and  of  Banca,  a  small 
island  near  Sumatra. 

7,  Quicksilver  is  obtained  ehielly  from  the  mines  of  Idria 
in  Anslria,  of  .Mmadeii  in  Spain,  and  of  Giiancuvelica  in 
Peru,     It  has  been  recently  ftmnd  in  California. 

8.  Coal,  a  source  of  greater  wealth  lliiiii  gold,  is  limntl 
in  ine.Nliauslible  tpianlities  in  many  comilrieH,  but  the  most 
noted  coal  mines  are  near  Newcastle  in  KnghintI, 

y.  Salt  is  made  in  large  tpianlilies  in  many  ctmnlries  by 
t'va|)oriition  of  sea  water  anil  of  the  water  id'  salt  springs. 
The  most  ntiteil  mines  of  rock  salt  in  the  world  are  those 
)f  Wieliczka  in  Austrian  Poland, 

Questions.— 1,  Where  is  found  in  greatest  abundance,  eold  ' 
•3.  silver?  3.  iron?  4.  copper?  5,  lead  ;  6.  tin?  7.  quicksilver? 
ft.  coal  ?  9.  salt  I 

EXTENT  AND  POPaLATION. 

The  following  table  pit's,  nis  an  estimate  of  the  extent 
and  popululitMi  of  the  grand  divisions  of  the  world  ; 

Grnnd  1) 

Kiirope     . 
Asia 
Africa 
U(-t;aiiica  . 
North  ,\meriea 


S  iiitli  ..\merica 


Si|iinrp  Milps. 

3,fi(i7,14(i 
15,700,000 
lO.HOO.OOO 
4,00l),(l()0 
7,300.0(10 
7,117,000 


Pf|mlBtif>n. 

238,473,n,')7 
3110,000.000 
(l.'),000,000 
20,000,000 
3.1,000,000 
1,1,240,000 


f),i 

2.'> 

fi 


I  (^ai'»/wn«,— Which  is  the  larcestof  the  erand  divisions  of  ths 
world  7  Which  next  7  Which  is  the  smallest  ?  Which  has 
the  greatest  populatiiiii  ?  Which  next  ?  What  is  the  jitipula- 
tion  of  the  woriti  7  What  tlillerence  is  there  in  the  eslimutes 
of  geographers  I    To  what  luirls  does  the  uncertainty  relate  ? 

BAOES  OF  MEN, 

1 .  Man,  the  lord  of  the  animal  crealion,  has  a  constitution 
whii-li  tits  him  ttir  resilience  in  every  climate, 

2.  Naturalisis  cominonly  recktm  live  varieties  of  the  hu- 
man species,  viz.,  1.  the  Caucasian;  2,  tin;  .Mongolian;  3. 
the  Malay  ;  4.  the  F.lhiopian  ;  5.  the  American. 

3.  The  Caucasian  race  compri.ses  nearly  all  the  Kurope- 
ans,  the  Turks,  Arabs,  Persians,  and  other  Western  Asiat- 
ics, and  a  large  part  of  the  Hindoos, 

•i.Thv  Mongolians  enihraee  the  Chinese,  .Tapnnese,  and 
the  inhabilants  of  eastern  and  southeasteni  Asia  generally, 
except  the  .Malays. 

5.  The  Malays  are  almost  confined  to  the  isles  of  the 
Pacific,  ami  the  peninsula  of  Malacca. 

(j.  The  Ethiopian  race  ineliules  the  Negroes,  Caffl'es,  ajid 
Hottentots  of  Africa,  and  the  I'lijiuans  or  Negroes  of  Aus- 
tralasia, 

7,  The  American  race  comprises  the  Indians  of  North 
anil  South  Aineriea. 

8.  The  Caucasians  are  irhitc ;  the  Mongolians,  olive  yel- 
low! the  Malays,  rfni-i  iron-n,-  the  Ethiopian,  i/iicA-;  and 
the  Aniericim  Indians,  red.  or  copper-colored. 

f).  The  CauciLsians  are  the  most  civilizeil  and  enlighten- 
ed  of  these  races,  and  have  generally  ruled  the  rest  when- 
ever brought  in  contact  with  lliem, 

10,  The  numbers  belonging  to  the  ditfercnt  races  ai'o 
thus  estimated  by  Uassel :  ' 

Caucasians  ....  43fi,C2.'),000,  or  46,5  per  cent. 

.Mongolians  .         .         .  389,375,700,  "  41.5       " 

■Malays         ....  32,500,000,  "     3,5        " 

F.thiopiiuis  .         ,         ,  69,633,300,  "     7,5       " 

,-Vmi;ncatis  ,         ,         .  10,287,000,  "     1.0 

Questions. — 1.  What  advantage  has  man  in  his  constitution 
o  cr  most  other  animals  ?  2.  How  many  varieties  of  the  human 
species?  .'(.  \\'liat  nations  leloui;  to  the  Caucasian  race  7  4.  to 
the  Moneolian  ?  ,1.  to  the  Malay  ?  0.  to  the  Ethiopian  ?  7.  to  the 
.•Vnierit'iin  ?  H.  What  art;  Ihe  colors  of  tliese  ditlcrent  races  7 
II.  Whidi  are  the  must  civilized  7  10,  Which  is  Ihe  most  nu- 
merous ?  Which  next?  Which  is  Uie  smallest  in  number? 
What  per  cent,  are  Ihe  Caucasians  7  What  per  cent.,  the  Amer- 
ican race  ? 

STATES  OF  SOCIETY. 

1.  With  respect  to  their  social  state,  men  mav  be  divided 
into  four  classes,  viz.,  savage,  barbarous,  lialf-t;ivilized,  and 
civilized. 

2.  In  the  savage  slate,  nii>n  subsist  by  hunting,  fishing, 
anil  the  spontaneous  priulnetions  of  the  earth  ;  and  hence 
are  usually  thinly  scattered  over  a  wide  counhy,  rude,  ig- 
noriuit,  and  th'slitute  of  most  of  the  comliirts  of  lite, 

3.  In  the  barbarous  slate,  subsistence  is  deri^-;  tl  chiefly 
from  |)asHirage  and  rntle  agriculture;  and  men  m  this  state 
usually  live  in  lenls,  anil  wander  tVoni  place  to  place  with 
iheir  Hocks  and  herds.  In  some  cases  subsistence  is  ob- 
tained by  sysleniatie  piracy  anil  robbery. 

4.  Among  the  half-civilized  natitais,  agriculture  and  some 
of  the  finer  manufaclu:  es  are  ciu'ried  on  w-ith  great  care  and 
to  a  veiy  high  degree  of  perfection,  but  foreign  commerce 
is  almost  imKiiown, 

5.  In  the  civilized  stale,  science,  the  arts,  and  all  the  va- 
rious institnlions  and  arrangements  of  society,  are  in  a  high- 
ly improvetl  tbnii, 

6.  The  American  Indians,  and  a  great  [tart  of  the  negroes 
in  Africa  anil  ,^^lstralasia,  are  savages, 

7.  The  Anibs,  Tartars,  and  ^Ialays  in  Asia,  and  the 
Moors  of  Norlheni  Afi-iea,  are  in  the  barbarous  state. 

8.  The  Chinese,  Japanese,  Hiudous,  Persians,  and  Turks 
arc  half-civilized  natitms. 

9.  Europeans,  and  their  descendants  generally,  are  re- 
garileil  as  civilized,  but  the  ilegiees  of  civilization  are  very 
dirt'crent  in  dilli;rent  countries. 

Question". ~\.  Into  what  classes  are  men  usually  tlivitlcd  as 
to  their  ,,iK;ial  stai,.  '  2.  What  is  eharaetenntfc  of  the  savnee 
state  '  3,  of  the  harban.'is  state  ?  4.  of  Ihe  lialf-eivilized  stale  7 
.I,  of  the  civilized  state  7  *J.  Wliat  /leople  are  savages  7  7.  bar- 
barians 7  e,  half-civilized  7  '1.  cii-ilizcil  7 

RELlalONS. 

I.  IIa.ssel  cslimates  the  numliers  attached  to  the  differ- 
ent ri;ligions  as  follows: 


of  As 


Pagiins 
ChriPtiuns 


CCl,8'iO„100  I  .Mohiimmi'iliins  .     .     .  I'.'n  li),ii,0OO 

2J2..Vi5,7l)0  I  ,lewB 'J30,(X)0 

Total,  9;iH,421,0(X), 


Total  (in  round  numbers)     |  49,000.U00|  764,000,000  1     1 

Remark.  I 

The  population  of  Ihe  world  is  variouslv  eslimaleil  bv 
geographers  from  ,100,000.000  to  1,000,000,000.  Kiirop'e 
and  Aiiit;riea,  it  is  known,  eonlaiii  about  2fl0, 000,000. 
The  uncertainty  relates  to  Asia,  Africa,  anil  Oieanieu. 


tlilferenl  tlenomina- 


2,  The  same  aulhorthns  classes  tin; 
tioiiB  of  Christians  : 
Hoinan  Ciilliolit-s  .  .  134,732.000  I  MontiiiliyHitts  .  ,  .  3.80,5.000 
i;r-.-'«  ('h'lh-li  .  .W.Oll.noo  .^riiii-niims  ....  1,7'>>,000 
I'roU'sUinu    .     .     ,     .    5.'>,7!ll,700  |  Ncstorians,  ic.    .  3C7,0(X) 

3.  Christianity  is  the  religion  of  F.iirope  anil  of  Furtipean 
sellh'jnenis  in  every  pari  of  ibe  wiirltl.  Mohammedanism 
prevails  in  the  norlheni  part  of  Africa  luiil  the  weoteni  part* 


l'."'ll)f,,000 
,930,000 


(Iciiomina- 


3.80.^.000 

i,?*;*t*.ot'0 

367,000 


GENERAL    AND    COMPARATIVE    VIEWS,    &c. 


HEIOHTS   OF  OELEBRATED  MOUNTAINS,  &o. 


M  n,,.', 

Cliiiinnliiref,  liijiliesl  in  llio  woilil 


ol"  AsiiL  Till!  Jews  lira  more  ntuneruiis  in  I'oliiriil  lliait  in 
uny  other  cuiiiiiry,  but  lliey  iiro  liiurij  in  moiit  of  tin;  |iiin- 
cipal  cities  of  tlie  world.  I'nganism  in  tlio  relifjion  of  the 
poi)iil()ii8  connti-ies  of  soutlieiistern  Asiii,  unj  of  Buvagea  in 
all  pints  of  l|]i'  world. 

4.  Roman  Ciilholics,  or  those  who  ncknowleilge  the  su- 
prnniicy  of  the  poj)e,  ociiipy  the  soiitliern  purls  of  Europe, 
and  t!iu  Spimi.'<h,  rrench,  and  I'ortngue.se  settlements  in 
every  pint  of  tlio  world.     J'riilfslants,  or  lho,s(!  who  have   Hindoo  Koosh 
sopimited  from  the  ('liiireh  of  Uonie,  inliuliit  the  northern  !  Highest  spot  ever  trod  l>y  man   .     . 

parts  of  Kiiropc,  and  Ihe  Kii.dish  aud  Dniili  setllemenis  in  ;  l^"topa.\i,  highest  volean 

other  |iavts  of  Ihi^  gliilie.     The  religion  of  the  Orcck  Church  St.  Klias,  highi'st  nit.  in  N.  America 


71 


Sorala,  highest  m  Amoricu 
lli^'hest  (light  of  u  balloon 
Chnnijorazo 


prevails  in  Uussia  and  Cireece. 

QiiesHoDs. — What  is  the  reliLnon  of  the  mrijoritv  of  mankind  ? 
How  miinu  arc  Christians  ?  Muhunnni'iiuns  I    'J.  Catholics  7    3. 
W'hn,  and  where,  inv  Ike  Christians  I    Muhainnieiluns  (  .lews? 
Pagans?     4.  Catholic's  .'  1  rotc.^taiits  !  (Irceli  Ciiristiaus  f 
POPUL 

T.    OF  ASIEHIC. 

BritUh  Provinces. 
Montronl,  35,000 

Quebec,  30,0(K1 

IluUfox,  10,000 

United  States. 


nON  OF  NOTED  CITIES, 

JJriimark.  I  .'^rdinia, 

Copenlmgi-u,     IJO.OnO    Turin,  110,000 


New  York,  313,000 

I'hilii.leliihin,  2-.1I.0IK) 

Iliiltimun.'.  103,0(K) 

New  Orleans,  103,0(X) 


Itostun, 

93,(HH) 

Cineiiinnti, 

4(1.001 

Uruoklyn, 

3li,0K: 

Alluniv, 

3:i,»(h; 

Chiirlt'(*ton, 

'.".MKH, 

WnsliiuL'ton, 

2;l,0(Kl 

I'rfjvidi'iice, 

i;;i,oixi 

Louisville, 

21,00(J 

Pittaburg, 

21,0011 

Lowell, 

20,7(K1 

Iloeht'ster, 

20.11011 

Richmoud, 

SO.INHJ 

Troy, 

1!>,(H)0 

Butlhlo, 

IH.IIOO 

Newark, 

n.iHjo 

St.  l.oaie. 

l(i,llO0 

Portliuid, 

LLOOO 

.Salem, 

15,1*H) 

New  Haven, 

13,000 

Altunm  30,000 

England. 
I.omlon,         1,900.000 
MiinehestiT,      :i?0,000 
LivcrpiKij,  223.IKI0 

liinninsluun,    1!10,I«HJ 
liristol,  1:jo,ooo  ; 

Scotland. 
OInasow,  2j8,00n  I 

Eilinliursll,        139,0(»)  j 

Ireland. 
Dulilin,  240,000 

Cork,  llj,000 


(jeiiua, 


Thibet 

Bolivia 

Kranco 

,  Ecpiudor 

Highest  Hight  of  a  cimdur  .     .     .     .   ;  S.  AmtM*ica 

Afghanistan 
I'^([uad(U' 
lOtiuador 
UiisB.  Amer. 
Mexico 
Hawaii 
iN.  America 
Italy 
I-itpiator 
(itiatimala 
Etpiador 
I'ersia 
Humatra 


I'opocatepell,  highest  in  Me.vico 
Mouna  Koa,  higliest  in  Oceanica 
Hmwn,  highest  of  Rocky  mis.  . 
Mt.  Blanc,  highest  in  Kuropi! 
Limit  of  perpetual  snow  at  llif  . 
Volcimo  of  Gnatiinida  .... 
Antisana  farm-house  .... 
Demavend,  highest  of  Elbiirz  mis 
liiiiooo^-'^'.'-Ppliir 


Ttiifcan'j. 


City  of  La  I'az 
Floreneo,  IJSOno  i  Mt.  Arurat  .     . 

LeL'horn,  di.OOO 

Tnrkeij  and  Greece, 
Cou^'tiintinoii.,  5t)0,000 
AdriKnople,        90,IW)0 
.llueliuri'st,  fo.OOO 

.Xiilonira,  (1(1,000 

AtlieU:',  17,000 


Limit  of  pines  under  the    .     .     .     ,   'Equator 


Paris, 

Lyons, 

,M)ir.«eiltes, 

Horileaux, 

Ituiien, 

-NilMti'S, 

Sjfnin. 
Mailritl, 
Itareelona, 
."i^ville. 
Vuleueia, 
Malaga, 


Franee. 

],1.11,000 
200,(H10 


III.    OF  ASIA. 

Russia  in  Asia. 

0,000 


.•\!=traeli(ui, 

'I'ubolMk, 

Irkutsk, 

^Sl,,        ■"■"""■ 
Jedo,  1 

-Meaeo, 


92,000 
70,000  , 


20,0(XI 
20,000 


300,000 
300,000 


China. 


Mezico. 

Mexico,  l.lO.noO 

Pucbln,  70,000 

Utiadalaxara,     GU.OOO 

Gitatimala, 

Guntimalfl,         25,000  , 

;  ^'i^lltla, 

It  est  Indies.  \  Mil,,,,. 

Havana,  12,"i.0OO  ;  l*rll^'^le, 

St.Jolin(P.n.l,  30,000  1  Venice, 
'  Peslh,    ■ 
Li'iuberg, 
Verona, 
Trieste', 


170.000 
120,(»I0 
91.001) 
0(1,0(H) 
1)5,000 


Pekin, 

Canton, 

Nankin, 


7'nrlieij  in  .Isia. 


Portugal. 
Lifbou,  250,000 

Oporto,  eo,000 


Anstria. 


Aleppo. 

.Smyrna, 

Damniieus, 

llngilad, 

llassorn, 

Itrus.T, 

330.000     ,'!''";'."■''''■■, 

iA-,,i)iio  i  '"■'■'"'■"■"I 

120,00.)     ""'"'- 


Millsin,  highest  of  Alias  mis,      .     . 

IN^ik  of  TeneriiVe 

Mnlhacen,  highest  of  .Sierra  Nivada 

.Mt.  I'erdu,  highest  of  Pyrenees  .     . 

.Mt.  Etna,  volcano 

r,iinit  of  oaks  nndt.'r  ihe     .     .     .     . 

,Mt.  Lebanon 

Kiiska  Poyana,  highesl  (tf  Carpath.  . 

C'ity  of  Quito   .     '. 

iMt.  Corno,  highest  (d' Apennines     . 

.Sneliatla,  highest  of  Uofrefeld     .     . 

I  iMt.  Sinai 

I  .St.  Beni:ii\l  convent 

I  IMndiis,  higliest  in 

j  City  of  .Me.\ieo 

I  Blii'ck  ml.,  higliest  of  Blue  Ridge    , 
j  .Ml.  Washingtini,  of  "\V'liile  mis.  .    '. 

.Mt.  Marcy,  liii;hest  in  New  York    . 
I.Mt.  I lecla,  highest  in  Ic'laml      ,     . 
I  Ben  .\i'\is,  highest  in  Ci.  Britain 
'  .Man^-lield,  higliest  of  Green  nits. 

I'raks  of  Otter 

.Ml.  \'esiivins,  volcano 

Hound  Top,  of  Cat.-kill  lilts.  ,  .  . 
tjlJUJ; .  Snowdon,  highest  in  .S.  Britain  .  . 
5o!oO()   I'yramids,  highest  work  of  limn  .     . 


2.00001)0 
t'OO.IHK) 


l.',(l.()0O 
l-JO.OOO 
J()0,(HHt 
00,1)1)0 

noooo 


Kingston  (Jn.), 

JO.OOU 

I'lnezutla. 

Cnriwcas, 
Marucnilm, 

'*>0.000 

?t'ew  (iranaiia. 

I'opayiin, 
Curtlliigfnn, 

■10,000 
MO.OOO 
1^000 

Kquador 

Quito. 
Gu:iyacniil, 

70.000 
20,000 

P.TH  and  Ihliria. 

Limn, 
An'(iiiipn, 
l.v  I'az, 
Ciizrci. 
Cochabnnil)!!, 

r.o.oiK) 
;mm)oo 
;«M)i)i) 

i.'O.OU) 

97,000  i 
tH.OOfl  1 
.•^i.ono  ' 
,55,(KK)  ' 
4(1,000  , 


Prussia. 
Perlin, 
Hrefilau, 
KonigHberg, 
( 'olo^nie, 
Dsnitzie, 
Magdobnrir, 

Pnraria. 
Munich, 
NurenitsTi:, 
.-Vngsljuc::, 

Saiont/. 
Dresilen, 
Leijisic, 


240,000 
!IO,(H)0 
70,000 
n(l.(K)0 
63.000 
51,000 


n.^ooo 

41.(HKI 
34,000 

(lO.OOO 
5.">,000 


Jerusalem, 

Araltia. 
Mecca, 
.•^ana, 
.li.lda, 
Muscat, 

Persia. 
Ispahan, 
Hcshd, 
Ti4ieran, 
J^liiraz, 


4.'>.(»«) 
20,000 


30.noo 

20.1»HI 
L'i.dOO 

10,000 


200,000 
70,000 
,'>(I,(KK1 

3a(»io 


Bolivia 
i  Armenia 
1  Morocco 
j  Canariea 
I  Spain 
!  Franco 

'  ''^i'-ily 

E(pialor 
1  Syria 

Austria 

Eipiador 

Naples 

Sweden 

Arabia 

Switzerland 

Greeco 
I  Mexico 
[  N.  Carolina 
1  N.  Hamp.dii, 
,  .New  Yol  k 
■  Iceland 
I  Scotland 
[  Vermont 
j  Virginia 

Naples 

New  York 
i  Wales 
I  Egypt 


2!l,000 
ii.j.3!IO 
23,000 
21,444 
21,000 
20,(i00 
111, 400 
l»,8i*l 
17.000 
17,700 
17,.';00 
1(1,000 
l.'j,(ilj.'') 
13,200 
1,5,000 
14,300 
14.000 
13,1)00 
12,800 
12,7I>0 
12,700 
12,.')00 
12,17(1 
11,800 


(,;«e.</w«.«.— Which  is  the  larueal  stnti'  in  the  Union  ?  Which, 
the  siijall,.»t?  Which  states  coiiluin  more  than  (iO.OOO  square 
imles  /     Which  contain  less  than  lo,ooo  si|U(ire  miles  ? 

Winch  state  has  the  ^Teatest  poiailntion  ?  Whi(4i  states  have 
more  tlnm  a  million  iuhahitants  I  Which  have  less  tlinii  100,000  .' 

Which  state  is  the  most  thieklv  settled  .'  Which  states  have 
more  than  50  on  u  s(iuare  mile  / '  Which  havu  li'ss  than  10  I 

Which  static  has  the  L'reati'stnninher  of  slaves  I  Which  next? 
Which  nine  st((tes  have  each  iiiia-i-  tlinn  1,50,000  slaves  ?  Which 
eight  states  have  ten  or  more  re|presentative«  in  Congress  f 


ORIGIN  OF  THE  INHABITANTS. 

1.  All  the  whites  are  of  Euro|)eaii  origin;  chiefly  Eng- 
lish. The  New  Englanders,  \irgiiiiaiis,  iiiid  Carolinians  are 
idinost  purely  English. 

2.  The  aerman.i  are  mimerous  in  the  Middle  States,  par 
ticiilarly  in  l'i;imsylvaiiiii,  where  thev  constitute  more  than 
a  fourth  part  of  the  population. 

3.  The  descendimls  of  the  Dutch  are  numerous  near  the 
Hud.soii  and  Mohawk  in  New  York,  of  which  state  they 
were  the  original  settlers. 

4.  The  French  were  the  original  settlers  of  Louisiana, 
and  still  fonii  nearly  half  of  its  populatinn. 

5.  The  Irish  and  Scolch  are  immerons  in  the  western 
parts  of  I'ennsylvania,  Virginia,  and  the  Carolinas,  and  in 
mo.st  of  the  large  cities  of  tlie  I'liion. 

!  (i.  The  nrgrucs  are  all  de.sceiiilanis  of  Africans  who  were 
1 1,20.5  !*<"'''"1  f'',"'"  ''"^'''  native  couiilry  iiiiiny  years  ago,  and  sold 
10  !).50   '"  ^^'"''™''"  P'"»tcrs. 

I      7.  The  negroes  are  found  iliieHy  in  the  states  south  of 
Pennsylvania  and  the  river  Clliio. 

8.  the  Indians,  or  desceiuhinls  of  the  ■ahori'.'ines  of  the 
country,  are  not  included  in  the  <-eiiMis,  hut  are  about 
500,000  in  number,  and,  except  a  few  remnants  of  tribes, 
are  now  entirely  west  of  the  Mississippi. 


10.500 
10,000 
0,012 
!),fi30 
9„521 
8,200 
8,lf)8  I 


(1  n-in  '  Q"''«'"""-— I-  From  what  nation  is  the  greater  part  of  the 
"' .„  .  pc(i|ile  of  the  United  States  deseelaled  .'  In  what  states  arc  the 
7,li77  ;  people  almost  wholly  of  English  oriein  1  2,  Jn  nhal  sliiles  are 
7,470  [  the  (iennans  most  numerous  7  3.  the  Dutch  >  4.  the  French  '  5 
(i,47«  1  the  Irish  and  Scotch  .'     6.  Where  did  the  neirroes  eoiiio  from  7 

7.  Where  are  the  neirroes  most  numerous  'I 

(linns,  and  w4iere  do  they  live  ( 


(i,428 
5,300 
4,888 
4.379 
4,279 
4.200 
3,9.32 
3,004 
3.508 
599 


B.  How  many  In. 


CHIEF  PRODUCTIONS. 
The  following  table  shows  the  esiiinated  value  of  some 
of  the  chief  agricultural  and  miuend  pr,jd(ictioiis  luul  tnaii- 
ufactures  of  the  U.  States  in  1840  : 


Qucslinns.— Which  /.« the hifliestinoiinlaiii  in  the  world  ?  \\\sh 

est  in  America.'    H'hul  is  the  t(cii;l,l  of  ('In ihiri'c  .'  of .Sirnin  .' 

Ill  Chiniliorazo  >.  \\'liieh  i.s  thi'  hiuhest  mountain  m  Oceaniea  ? 
in  Europe  I  in  N',-w  Hampshire  '.  Neiv  York  >.  Iceland  ;  (J.  Ilrit- 
ain  !  What  is  the  limit  of  perpetual  snow  at  the  ei|iial(ir .'  How 
hlL'h  is  the  hiuhest  spot  ever  trod  liy  man  ?  How  hidi  will  the 
oak  ci-ow  under  Ike  c/niilnr  .'  How'  liiudi,  pines  .'  How  hii:li  is 
the  city  of  Mexico  (  Uuito  1     How  high  does  the  condor  lly  ( 


Afghanistan. 


Candalmr, 
PcMhnwar, 
Herat, 
Cabul, 


100,000 
1(»I.0(H) 
70,000 
110,000 


11.  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

EXTENT   AND  POPOLATION. 


Proiliicliona. 

1. 

Indian  corn, 

at         25  cts 

a  bushel. 

$94,382,968 

o_ 

Wheat, 

••  $1 

" 

84,823,272 

i). 

4. 

Colton, 
Cotton  goods    . 

10  cts. 

per  lb.,  . 

79,047,956 
4l),350,459 

o. 

W  ooleii  goods  , 

20,090,999 

0. 

Iron,  ciust  and  bar 

lit  .$40  a  ton, 

19,327,640 

7. 

Lumber    . 

12,943,507 

8. 

lobacco. 

5  cts. 

per  lb,,  . 

10,958,665 

9, 

Lead, 

3 

9,371,735 

10. 

Siiirar, 

"                        /> 

" 

7,7.55,000 

U. 

Coal, 

'■  jilalim. 

7,327,812 

12. 

Ships  and  other  vessels    . 

7,016,094 

13. 

Paper 

5.641,495 

14. 

liice. 

at           3  els 

]ier  lb..  . 

2,425,242 

l.j. 

.Salt, 

30    •• 

a  bushel, 

'.,857,522 

states  and  Term-  .*». 


50.000 
20,0(X) 


CViiVi. 
Ht  Jnuo, 
Valparaiso, 

Buenos  Ayres. 
Buenos  Ayres,   SO.OOO 
Mendoza,  20,000 

Brazil. 


Free  Ctcrman  cities. 


unit, 
I  -MitdriLs, 
tiainimn;,         l,-iO,000  ■  Patna, 
I  Frankfort.  ,55.000 

I  llrenien,  4i;,000 

Lnbec,  2^,000 


Ilindaostan. 
Calcutta,  .500,000 


Rio  Janeiro, 
Ht.  Salvador, 
Pernainbuco, 


l,"i(  1,000 
120.0(H) 
liO.OOO 


II.   OF  EUnopK. 
Russia  in  F.nropr. 
St  PetiTsb'r;,  4:0,000 
Moscow,  3s5.0(H) 

Warauw,  140.00(1 

Hica,  (i?.000 

O.lessa,  0O,0(KI 

.^tcedcn  and  Sorieatj, 
.Sto.kbolm.  H4.00O 
GottcnbuiL',  27.(H)0 
lleri;en,  23,0(H) 

Cliristiania,         21,000 


SieitzerUtnd. 
Oi-nevo,  2(1.000 

Heme,  lf,0OO 


Holland. 

Anv^terdain, 
Uottenlam, 
The  llainie, 

Itelgiuin 
Rrussels, 
(ihent. 
.Vntwerp, 


Delhi. 

l.ueknow, 

llombay. 

('H,..linitre, 

Dacca, 


,"SI0,(KH1 
3,50.000 
3(HI,00(I 
3IH),()(H) 
3(I0,(»I0 
220,000 
17,5(KH) 
150,000 


Farther  India, 
igim?,  1M),000 


201,000  '  llankok. 


li3,(HK) 
4li,0(X) 


73,000 
H2,(HKI 
(18,000 

Tuzo  Sicilies, 
Nnpli'B,  :i:i(i,C30 

Palern(o,  110,000 

States  of  the  Church, 

Home,  149,000 

Holo^na,  09,(KI0 


line, 
Kesho, 


or  AFIUCA. 

Kaiiiii, 


Cairo, 

.VIexandria, 

Daniii'tta, 

.330,000 
3l).0(H) 
30.000 

llarltnrij 

,Sfatrs, 

Tunis, 
Fez, 

Morocco, 
Algiers, 

120.000 
10O.(X)() 
KO.OOO 
"0,000 

()tiestions.~niiieh  is  the  largest  citti  \x\  America t  in  KiiropeT  in  Asia? 
hi  Atri.-a?  in  Hriti-h  .N,  ,\m  Tu-an  provinc,  >■  f  in  C.  .•^t,,t^>  t  A.-.  JJ„w 
miuiy  cities  in  America  Aair  Hi„rfA(t«  \W.^\)ei  inhnhilants  f  Mow  many 
in  r.iiropej  How  many  ni  Alrica  I  Nil,  In  Cliina  and  llimloostaii 
Uiere  are  many  cities,  not  i:iv,  n  inlli..  table,  of  more  than  100,000  p.ople. 

How  many  cities  in  the  1'.  Slates  have  as  nianv  b.4  20,(HHI  inliabiumtat 
llo,v  niiuiy  have  more  lli.m  100,000  (    Name  tli'e  U'n  largi-st 


Maine , 

New  Hainp^' 

Vermont 

Massacliiisetts  . . 

Klio.le  Island  . .  . 

(.'onneeticut 

New  York  

New  .lersey  . . , . 

Penn.-ylviaiia . . . 

Delaware 

.Maryland 

\'iri:iiiia 

Norlli  Carolina  . 

Soiitli  Carolina  . 

l.'sMMli)   (i.'orgia 

.50.0(Ht!  Alabama 

.50.000'  Mississippi 

50,000  I  I.oaisinna 

Arkansas 

4'ennessee 

Kentucky  

Ohio 

Michigan 

Inrilfina 


Missouri 

District  of  Columbia  . 

Ilorida 

Wisconsin 

Iowa 

Texas 

Minnesota  Territory  . 
tii.liaii  T,,rritory  ."  .  , 
Missouri  Territorv... 

Oregon  Territory' 

California 

New  Mexico 

Total 


i  ^Z".'  |p«r..i>b..n,';';p 


.Miles. 

32,400 

9„5O0 

9,700 

7.S0O 

1.251 

4,789 

4(1,220 

7,94H' 

46,215 

2,068 

10,7.\5 

ri,5700 

51,632 

31,.5li5 

61,083 

.54,084 

49,356; 

47,413| 

54.H17I 

41.7,52 

40.02,3' 

40„5(XI 

60„537j 

3.5,026 

.56,.506' 

70.050 

10,: 

.56336 

68.000 

73,(HK1 

397.310 

95.(I1HI 

2lS).IHI0 

370,000' 

340, 000, 

460,000 

6,5,00(1, 


50 1,793 1 
284,574 
291,948' 
737,6991 
108,830: 
309,978  i 

2,428,921 ! 
373.306' 

1,724,023; 
78,085; 
4700191 

1.339.797 
7.53.419 
.591,398 
691,392 
.590.7  jlii 
37,5,651 1 
,152,411; 
97„574 
829,210 
779,828 

1,519,464 
212.267! 
685,866 
476183' 
.383.702 
43.712 

1;>,V277 

120,(KX) 

3IKMH10 

10,000 

Indians. 

Indians. 

20.0(X) 

fiO.OtX) 

70,000: 


S4,  ni, 

I       15  i 

30  I 

30  I 

95  ; 

87  I 

^' 
47 

37  ; 
39  1 
44 
19 
15 
19 
11 

II  ' 
8 

7  : 

2(1 
20 

38  , 
4 

III  ! 


171 

41 

6741 

64! 

2,605; 

89,7371 

448,9871 

24.5,817, 

327,038' 

280,944 

353„532 

19.5,211 

168,453 

1 9.935  ■ 

183,0,59 

182,2,58 

None. 


.Til 

58,240 

4,694 

a5,717 

None. 

1(: 

23,410 

None, 

A  lew,    I 

None,    i 


3,124,(XKI  17,724,000, 


.',,509,747 


licinnrks, 

1.  Tennessee.  Kentucky.  Virginia,  Ohio,  and  Indiana  are, 
in  their  order,  the  greatest  pnidncers  of  Indian  corn. 

2.  Ohio,  Pennsylvania,  New  York,  and  Virginia  are  the 
great  fc/lert^gl'owillg  states. 

3.  The-  colton  was  raised  .almost  entirely  smith  of  the  par- 
allel of  36^  30',     The  great  cottoii-griuvim;  slates  are,  1. 

I  .Mississippi;  2.  Georgia;  3.  Louisiana;'  4.  Alabiima;  5.  South 
Carolina;  6.  Vnih  Carolina;  7,  Teimes.see. 

4.  Two  iliinU  of  the  colton  t^oods  are  mnnufactured  in 
New  EiiLdand ;  chii4ly  in  Miussachnsetts,  Hliode  Island,  and 
New  Hampshire. 

5.  Twii  thirds  of  the  woolen  fronds  are  m.nmifacturcd  in 
Ma,«sacliii.setts,  .New  York,  inal  Connecticut, 

0.  More  than  half  of  the  iron  is  made  in  Pennsylvania 
and  New  Y'ork. 

7.  .Morethanhalf  of  tlie/umicrisfrom  New  Y'oik,  Maine, 
and  Pennsylvania. 

8.  NiiK!  tenths  of  the  tohaeco  are  raised  in  V'irginia,  Ken- 
tucky. Tennessee.  Maryland,  mid  North  Carolina. 

9.  Tlie  lead  is  alnutst  \\  holly  frmn  Wisconsin.  Illinois,  and 
Misstiiiri. 

10.  Three  fourths  of  the  sugar  are  the  inoduction  of 
Louisiana  ;  and  the  remaining  fourth  is  cliii4ly  maple  sugar, 
made  in  New  York,  (  Hiio,  Vermont,  ami  Indiana. 

11.  Nine  teiiihs  of  the  coal  ale  from  the  mines  of  Penn- 
.sylvaiiia  and  N'ir^inia. 

IJ.  fin'  people  of  .Maine  and  .Ma.s,sacliusetts  build  nern-ly 
one  half  of  the  skips, 

13,  iMas.siichuseiis,  Pennsylvania,  New  York,  Connec- 
ticut, and  New  Jersey  are  the  chief  paper  liiimufacturing 


72 


GENERAL    AND    COMPARATIVE    VIEWS,    &c. 


i 

if 


14.  Nine  tenths  of  the  rice  are  raUed  in  South  Carolina 
and  Georgia, 

15.  Three  fourths  of  the  Ball  are  from  New  York  and 
Virginia. 

I  Fiiigland  •        >        . 

France   .... 

Cuba  and  Porto  Rico 
I  Britinh  N.  Amer.  Provinces 

llanse  towns 

Holland 

j  liriiish  West  Indies 
j  -Mexico 

The  domestic  produce  ex|K)rted  from  the  U.  Stalca  in  the   c\^\\i 
year  ending  Sept.  30lh,  1840,  was  $113,895,634.     Tlie  fol- 
lowing are  tl;e  principal  articles  : 

Article  Elportcd.  VrIus. 

Cotton        ....                          .  163.870,307 

Flour  and  wheat         ...                  .  11,779,098 

Tobacco  and  snuff 10,697,628 

Cotton  goods 3,549,607 

Lumber  and  naval  stores    ....  2,933,070 

Whale-fishery  products               .         .         .  2,478,206 

Gold  and  silver  coin 2,235,073 

Rice 1,942,070 

9.  Pork,  bacon,  live  hogs,  &c.         .         .         .  1,894,894 

10.  Skuis  and  furs 1,237,789 

11.  Iron  and  iron  manufactures        .         .         ■  1,104,455 

12.  Indian  corn  and  meal         ....  1,043,516 

13.  Cod  and  river  fislierv  products  .                  .  720,164 

14.  Beef,  hides,  tallow,  '^c.      .         .         .         .  623,373 

15.  Ashes,  pot  and  pearl                    .  533,193 


FOREION  OOMMEROB 
<The  exports  and  imports  to  and  from  the  principal  for. 
eign  countries  for  the  year  1840  wore  in  value  as  lollows: 


Queglioruonlhe  Table. — Which  are  the  most  valuable,  the  ag- 
ricultural, mineral,  or  manufacturetl  proilucts  of  the  U.  States  / 
Which  three  are  the  most  valuable  ai^ricultural  products  / 
Which  is  the  most  valuable  of  the  manufactured  proilucts  ? 

QueBlions  on  the  iicmarkit. — I.  Whtit  tiUtlrs  are  the  i^rcatent 
producers  of  Indian  corn  ?  '-».  of  wheat  i  li.  of  cotton  /  4-  cotton 
goods  1  5.  woolens  ?  G.  iron  ?  7.  lumber  ?  &c. 

EXPORTS  OF  DOMESTIO  PRODUOB. 


Italy 

Russia     . 

Haj-ti 

Chma 

Venezuela 

British  East  Indies 

Sweden  and  Norway 

Spain 


Kipiirti  to 

|.'i7,048,660 

21,841,554 

7,110,143 

6,093,250 

4,198,459 

3,856,3  JO 

2,965,854 

2,515,341 

2,506,574 

1,728,829 

1,473,185 

1,169,481 

1,027,214 

1,009,966 

783,872 

632,195 

550,226 

362,293 


Im|torU  from 

$33,111,133 
17,572,876 
11,734,209 
2,007,767 
2,521,493 
1,074,754 
1,048,165 
4,175,001 
4,927,296 
1,616,859 
1,157,209 
2,572,427 
1,252,824 
6,640,829 
1,355,166 
1,952,461 
1,!'17,913 
1,684,665 


Remarks. 


Questions. — Which  is  the  principal  article  of  export  from  the 
U- States  ?  Which  next?  Which  next  ?  What  articles  of  do- 
mestic produce  were  exported  m  1840  to  the  value  of  more  than 
1,000,000  dollars  ? 

OOMMEROE  AND  SHIPPINO  OF  EACH  STATE. 

The  following  table  shows  the  exports  and  importj  of 
each  state  in  1340,  and  tlie  shipping  in  1842  : 


Maine $1,018,269 1 

New  Hampshire    .     .  ;  20,979  ; 
Vermont  .     .          .     .  i        305,150 ' 

Massachusetts   .     .     .  10,186,261 

Rhode  Island     .     .     .  206,989 

Connecticut.     .     .     .  518,210 

New  York         .-     .     .  34,264,080 

New  .Tersey ....  16,076 

Pennsylvania          .     .  6,820,145 

Delaware     ....  37,001 

Maryland      ....  5,76J,768 

District  of  Columbia   .  753,923 

Virginia 4,778,220 

North  Carolina .     .     .  387,484 

South  Carolina  .     .     .  10,036,769 

Georgia j     6,862,959 

.Alabama 12,854,694 

Louisiana      ....  34,236,936 

Ohio 991,954 

Michigan      ....  162,229 

Horida 1,858,850 

Total   .     T^"^ 


Imports.        !T 

$628,762  i 
114,647 
404.617' 
16,513,858: 
274,534 
277,072' 
60,440,750 
19,209 
8,464,882 
802 
4,910,746 
119,852' 
545,085 
252,532 
2,058,870  , 
491,428  I 
574,651  i 
10,673,1901 
4.915  I 
133.610 
190.728 


1.  To  England  we  send  chiefly  cotton,  and  receive  m  re- 
turn cotton  goods,  woolens,  hardware,  and  porcelain. 

2.  France  sends  us  silks,  woolens,  cottons,  wine,  and 
brandy,  and  takes  chiefly  cotton  and  tropical  produce. 

3.  To  Cuba,  Porto  Rico,  Hayti,  Venezuela,  tlie  British  W. 
Indies,  and  Brazil  wo  send  flour,  fish,  lumber,  and  manufac- 
tured goods,  and  receive  in  exchange  sugar,  coll'eo,  and  oth- 
er articles  of  tropical  produce. 

4.  From  Mexico  we  receive  chiefly  specie  in  return  for 
manufactured  goods. 

5.  From  China  wo  import  tens  and  silks,  and  give  in  re- 
turn specie  and  furs. 

6.  Russia  sends  us  iron  and  hemp,  and  Sweden  and  Nor- 
way send  us  iron,  but,  like  China,  they  receive  little  of  our 
produce  in  return. 

Questions  on  the  Table.— W'Ah  which  foreign  cnuntty  do  the 
V.  Htates  carry  on  the  (,Tentest  amount  of  trade  ?  With  which 
next?    With  which  next  / 

Question.H  on  the  lie  marks. — 1.  What  are  the  chief  arlieles 
of  export  and  import  in  our  comv-rce  with  England  ?  *J.  with 
France  ?  3.  with  ('uba  and  Porto  llico?  4.  with  Mexico  ?  S.  witli 
China  ?  6.  v,rith  Russia,  Sweden,  and  Norway  ? 

REVENUE  AND  EXPENDITURE. 

1.  The  cliief  sonrces  ol  tlie  revenue  of  the  U.  S.  govern- 
60,742   ment  are  the  customs,  or  duties,  on  gixids  imjKirted  from 


ini  Shipping. 

281,930 

23,921 

4,343 

494,895 
47,243 
67,749 

518,133 


113.569 
10,396 

106,856 
17,711 
47,536 
31,682 
23,469 
16,536 
14.577 

144,128 

24,830 

12,323 

7.288 


132,085,946  1107,141,519  \  2,093,915 
Remarks. 

1 .  The  expoiis  of  New  York  and  Louisiana  are  each  more 
tliaji  a  quarter  of  the  total  exports  of  the  V .  States. 

2.  The  exports  of  New  'ork  are  the  produce  not  merely 
of  that  state,  but  of  part-^  oi  New  England,  of  the  country 
on  the  great  lakes,  and  of  some  of  the  Southeni  Atlantic 
states.  This  produce  is  sent  to  the  city  of  New  York,  and 
shipped  from  that  port  to  foreign  countries. 

3.  The  exports  of  Louisimi.'i  are  the  produce  of  a  large 
part  of  the  Western  States,  sent  down  the  Mississippi  and 
•hipped  at  New  Orleans. 

4.  The  foreign  goods  imported  at  New  York  are  more 
than  half  of  the  total  imports  of  the  United  States. 

5.  The  foreign  goods  which  are  imported  and  pay  diilies 
in  New  York  are  consumed  in  all  pirls  of  the  CnileJ  States; 
and  the  consumer  really  p-'iys  tln'  duty. 

6.  Massachu.settfl  and  New  Vnrii  each  owns  about  one 
quarter  of  the  shipping  of  the  I'nited  States ;  and  Massa- 
chusetts and  Maine  together  own  nearly  one  third  imrt. 

Questions  on  the  Tahle. — Which  two  states  rank  Hrst  in  the 
value  of  exports  ?  Name  the  three  nt'xt  in  their  onier.  Which 
itflto  is  first  hi  the  value  of  imi«irts  ?  Which  next  ?  Which 
next?  Which  two  states  own  the  most  shippiuff  ?  Which  next? 

Questions  on  tlie  Remarkn. — 1.  What  jiartnf  the  exptirts  of  the 
U.  States  is  from  New  York  ?  from  LouiHiana  I  2.  What  states 
vrodur£  the  articles  exported  fi-oio  New  York  ?  :j.  What  states 
proiluce  the  articles  exiMirted  Inim  .New  Drlcans  ?  -1.  v\  iint  part 
of  the  iiniMirtsof  theU.  Stales  is  made  at  New  York?  .'i.  Where 
are  these  iniiKirts  consumed  ?  *i.  What  portion  r,f  the  sliippii-ir 
of  the  U.  States  is  owned  in  Massarlmselts  and  New  York  ' 
What  portion,  in  Massaohusctts  and  .Maine  ? 


foreign  countries,  and  sales  of  the  public  lands.     About  nine 
tenths  of  the  wlude  are  from  the  customs. 

2.  The  amount  of  the  revenue,  and  of  tlio  expenditure, 
for  sevend  years  has  bee    alxnit  $25,000,000  annually. 

3.  About  three  fourths  of  the  expenditures  are  for  the 
support  of  the  anny  and  navy,  and  the  remaining  (juarter 
for  the  civil  list,  fonign  Intercourse,  and  miscellaneous  ex- 
penses. 

Questions. — i.  What  are  the  chief  sources  of  revenue  of  the 
V.  S.  government  ?  How  much  of  the  revenue  has  been  from  the 
customs  ?  2.  W'hot  is  the  annual  amount  of  the  revenue  ?  3. 
How  large  a  part  of  the  expenditure  is  for  the  army  and  navy  ? 

I  CANALS. 

;      The  following  table  shows  some  of  the  principal  canals  in 
the  I'nited  States,  and  the  places  connected  by  them  : 

Naniei.,  and  Places  rnrmpcted. 

Eric,  Albany  and  Biifl'alo,  N.  Y 

Chumplain,  Alliany  and  Whitehall,  N.  Y.    . 

Delaware  and  Hudson,  Kingston,  N.  Y.,  and  Hones-  J  q^ 

dale.  Pa ^  **- 

.Morris,  Jersey  City,  N.  J.,  and  Eastoii.  Pn.                   .  102 

l*ennsylvania  canal  and  railroad,  Philadelphia  and  ?  „n- 

Pittsburg,  I'a J  "'''^ 

Chesapeake  and  Ohio,  Baltimore  and  Cumberland,  Mil.  1116 

Miami,  Cincinnati  and  Ft.  Defiance,  O.        .         .         .  178 

Ohio  and  Erie,  Portsme        and  Cleveland.  O.    .         .  306 

Wahash  and  Erie,  hii .   iv   te  and  L.  Erie                   .  110 

Illinois,  Chicago  and  lUi         river                          .  96 


l.rasXh. 

363 
64 


0.  The  aggregate  length  of  the  canals  in  the  United  Statei 
is  alMiut  4000  miles,  of  which  nearly  1000  ore  in  New  York, 
1000  in  Pemisylvania,  and  800  in  Ohio. 

Questions  on  the  Table.— What  places  are  connected  by  the 
Eric  caimi;  by  the  Ohio  unil  Erie  canall  by  Ihe  P.'iaisylvaina 
canal  and  railroad  ?    What  canals  are  over  300  miles  loni;  ? 

Questions  on  the  Remark^,—] .  Which  is  the  most  valuable  ca- 
nal in  the  U.  States?  '.'.  Of  what  uie  are  the  Erie  and  Cham- 
plain  canals?  3.  Dolawareaiid  Hudson  canal?  Morris  conal? 
4.  Pennsylvania  canal  and  railroail  ?  5.  Chesapeake  and  Ohio 
canal  ?   li.  Wliot  is  the  whole  length  of  cnimls  in  the  U.  States  ? 

RAILROADS. 

1.  The  aggregate  length  of  railroads  in  the  United  States 
is  about  6000  miles,  of  which  800  me  in  New  York,  500  in 
Pennsylvania,  and  1000  in  Massachusetts. 

2.  The  longest  line  of  railroads  is  that  from  Portland,  Me., 
to  Wilmington,  N.  C,  900  miles,  passing  through  Boston, 
New  York,  Philadelpliia,  Washington,  and  Richmond. 

3.  The  next  longest  lino  extends  from  Boston  to  Butfalo, 
550  miles,  passing  through  Worcester,  Springfield,  Albany, 
Utica,  and  Rochester. 

Questions.— \.  If  all  the  railroads  in  the  U.  States  were  in 
one  line,  how  loni;  would  it  he  ?  2.  Which  is  the  longest  line 
of  railroads  ?     3.  Which  next  ? 

RIVERS. 
The  following  table  shows  liow  far  some  of  the  p'  incipal 
rivers  are  navigable  for  sloops : 


River. 

Penobscot 

Kennebec 

Connecticut 

Hudson 

Delaware 

Potomac 

.lames 

Ca]ie  Fear 


Plai-f. 

to  Bangor. 

"  Augusta. 

"  Hartford. 

"  Troy. 

"  Trenton. 

"  Washington. 

*'  Hichmond. 


n.Ttr. 

Savannah 
Alabama 
.\I  ississippi 
.Missouri 


Pllee.  _ ; 

to  Augusta. 
"  Claiborne. 
"  Anthony's  Fnllfi. 
"  Great  Falls,  lat. 

47,  Ion.  110. 
"  Pittsburft. 
"  Muscle  Shoals. 
Nashville. 


Remarks 

1.  The  Erie  canal,  finished  in  1825.  was  the  earliest,  and 
is  the  most  imiKirtant  and  profitable  of  the..<e  canals. 

2.  The  Erie  and  Champlatn  canals,  vviih  the  Miid.-wm  riv- 
er. !ii*e  the  great  chiinnels  of  the  trade  td'  the  city  of  New 
\  ink  with  the  interior. 

3.  The  Delaware  and  Hudson  canal,  and  the  Morris  ca- 
nal, connect  the  city  of  New  York  wiib  the  Pennsylvania 
coal  mines. 

4.  The  Pennsylvania  canal,  with  its  connecting  railroads, 
tire  thf  gf^'Rt  ,-linniiel  of  trade  between  Philailelphia  and 
the  Western  States. 

5.  Tile  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  canal,  when  co'  oieted  to 
the  Ohio,  will  open  a  navigable  communication  lietween 
Baltimore  and  the  great  West. 


Ohio  ' 

Tennessee     ' 
Fnyetteville.'Cumbei'land ' 
Questions. — 0.  How  far  is  the  Penobscot  river  navigable  for 
bloops?  the  Kuniichec  ?  the  Connecticut?  Ac. 

RELIGION    AI  J    GOVERNMENT. 

1.  There  is  no  established  religion  in  the  United  Sl,.tes. 
Every  man  is  free  to  worship  God  as  his  own  conscience 
dictates ;  and  the  members  of  each  denomination  pay  their 
own  religious  teachers. 

2.  About  a  qiiailer  of  the  population  is  attached  to  the 
Baiitists;  a  quarter  to  the  Presbyterians,  Congregational- 
ists,  and  Refonned  Dutch  ;  a  quarter  to  the  Methodists;  an^.. 
the  remainder  to  the  Roman  Catholics,  Episcopalians,  Lu- 
therans, German  Reformed,  Unitarians,  Universalists,  &c. 

3.  The  government  is  that  of  a  federal  republic.  Each 
state  is  independent,  and  has  the  exclusive  control  of  all 
concerns  merely  local ;  but  the  defense  of  the  country,  the 
regulation  of  commerce,  and  the  general  interests  of  tho 
confederacy,  are  coinmitteu  to  a  general  government. 

4.  The  legislative  power  is  vested  in  a  Congress,  consist- 
ing of  a  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives. 

5.  The  Senate  is  composed  of  two  members  from  each 
state,  chosen  by  its  legislatuie  for  six  years. 

6.  Tho  representatives  are  chosen  by  the  people,  bien- 
nially, each  slate  being  entitled  to  a  number  proportioned 
to  its  representative  population. 

7.  The  representative  population  of  a  state  is  obtained 
by  adding  to  the  whole  number  of  its  free  citizens  threo 
fifths  of  its  slaves. 

8.  The  President  is  chosen  for  four  years  by  electors. 
Each  stale  is  entitled  to  a  number  of  electors  eijual  to  the 
number  of  its  senators  and  representatives  in  Congress. 

9.  The  salary  of  the  President  is  $25,000  per  annum,  and 
that  of  the  Vice  President  $5000. 

10.  The  oflicers  of  tho  executive  department  are  tho 
secretaries  of  State,  of  the  Treasury,  of  War,  of  the  Navy, 
and  of  the  Home  Department,  the  Attorney  General,  and 
Postmaster  General. 

11.  The  judicial  power  is  vcslo<l  in  judges,  nominated  by 
the  President  and  approved  by  a  majority  of  the  Senate. 
They  hold  their  ofTice  during  good  behavior. 

Questions. — 1.  What  is  said  of  rcliijion  in  the  U.  States? 
2.  of  the  principal  denominations  ?  3.  of  the  government  7  Ac. 
4.  of  Congress?  5.  of  tho  .Senate?  6.  of  tl:^  representatives? 
7.  of  tile  representative  population  ?  8.  of  the  President  ?  9.  of 
bissalnry?  10.  ofliis  executive  officers  ?  U.  of  the  judges? 


SHIFFING  OF  THE  OHIEF  SEAPORTS  IN  1B42. 

T.m».  Pi.rt«,  T..n». 

4.">:i.174     New  London.  Ct.     .     .     .     35.773 

.  \%\:*ri    Hnlom,  Mhm 34.311 

143,(a4     Hilfaiit,  M.. 33,176 

.  100,541     NMiituikit,  Mass.      .     .     .     32,048 

.    !IC,.VJ0     I'lymouUl,  Muss 28,594 

.    75,0'.I0     l'cn.)lM,-ot,  Me 25,108 

.     56,191     rortamoulli,  N.  II.  .     .     .    23,92 

.    M.KU     Charleston,  H.  C.      ,     .     .    21,720 

.     IS.IiJB     Has  Harl^ir.  -N.  Y.    .     .     .    21.171 

.    43,027  1  Newljurypurt,  Muss.         .    81,041 

(Questions. — Wliich  port  of  tin!  United  Rtates  owns  niof^t  aliippln^t 

Which  ncxtt    Which  next?    Wh'il  othcrB  own  mtirc  thiin  .V,,(X)0  Uins? 

How  msny  of  the  21)  clifef  scnporn  arc  in  New  Knglnnd  I    How  many 

in  Mas:,a(-hiitett4  ? 


p..n.. 
New  York,  N.  Y. .  . 
Koaton,  Mass.  .  .  . 
New  Orlcnnc,  l-«.  . 
Philadelpliia,  Pa. 
New  Bedford,  .Musii. 
Ualtimnrc,  Md.  .  . 
Waldohoro'.  Mi<.  . 
Portland.  Me.  .     .     . 

Bath.  .Mr 

Bamstalilo,  Mnes.     . 


I  IN  16*2. 

Tn-K. 

.  .     .     35,773 

.  .     .    34,311 

.  ,     .     33,176 

.  .     ,     32,048 

.  ,     .     28,594 

.  .     ,    25,108 

.  ,  .     .    23,92 

.  .     .    21,720 

.  .     .    21,174 

M.         .    21.041 

mof>t  eliippln^f 

:lnin.V>.IXI0tona« 

td  t  How  manj 


m^SB^ 


■0'^ 


